Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Congenic strain of BIO.LP-a male mice were experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani 3S strain from the spleen of a hamster donor. The weight ratio of spleen body, liver body and spleen liver calculated from the weight of six mice taken at weekly intervals for a period of 49 days showed that there is no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly during the first 14 days of infection when the parasite population increases. Maximum enlargement of liver and spleen was observed at day 35 postinfection, when the parasite population had declined to 11 per cent. Slight recovery was noted at day 49 with parasites reducing to 1 per cent. It is suggested that in endemic areas of human visceral leishmaniasis a search for amastigotes should be made from the biopsy of the liver or sternal puncture during the first phase of the disease when the patients suffer from a high fever with rigors. With the enlargement of liver and spleen due to proliferative response and infiltration of plasma cells, the parasite population disappears.
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PMID:Correlation of hyperplasia, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with parasite population in BIO.LP-a mice infected with Leishmania donovani. 49 Jul 51

Multidrug resistant typhoid fever (MDRT) is becoming an alarming public health problem in and around Pondicherry, South India. A retrospective review of the multidrug resistant typhoid fever cases admitted to the paediatrics ward of JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry (India) during 1990 is presented. Prolonged pyrexia, chills and rigors, toxaemia, and tender hepatomegaly often more than 3 cm below the costal margin (often without splenomegaly) were striking features of MDRT cases. The incidence of complications was also greater. Positive blood cultures were observed even after weeks of antibiotic therapy, indicating persistent bacteraemia; resistance was almost always observed for multiple drugs (two or more). The fluoroquinolone group of drugs such as ciprofloxacin have been found to be the best for MDRT in terms of rapid response and cost effectiveness. Cefotaxime has moderate efficacy.
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PMID:Multidrug resistant enteric fever. 149 26

A 3.5 year old girl presented with a history of high fever, rigors, and mild cough for 1 week. Physical examination revealed normal chest findings but gross hepatomegaly was detected. Liver function tests were abnormal and indicated biliary obstruction. Ultrasonography revealed a distended gall-bladder with increased wall thickness up to 0.6 cm. The diagnosis of primary Epstein-Barr viral infection was eventually made by specific serological study. The patient's fever subsided 2 weeks later and her liver function tests returned to normal 1 month later. Abdominal ultrasonography at this time was normal.
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PMID:Persistent high fever and gall-bladder wall thickening in a child with primary Epstein-Barr viral infection. 255 86

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic in the northern KwaZulu areas of South Africa. The clinical morbidity produced by this parasite has not been studied since the institution of the present malaria control programme. Fifty-nine patients were prospectively studied at a peripheral clinic during the peak malaria season; symptoms and signs of the infection, parasite loads, haemoglobin values and leucocyte counts were recorded in all patients. Haemoglobin and leucocyte counts were also measured in 37 control subjects without malaria. The commonest symptoms were persistent headache (100%), rigors (98%) and myalgia (93%). None of the patients presented with coma, pulmonary oedema, hypoglycaemia or algid malaria. Splenomegaly was found in 49%, hepatomegaly in 20% and mental confusion in 5% of patients. Mean parasite load was 1.71% and 57% of patients had parasite loads of < 1%. Anaemia of < 10 g/dl was significantly more frequent (P < 0.0001) in the patient group than in the control group. Leucopenia (white cell count < 4.0 x 10(9)/l) was present in 12 of 50 patients in whom it was measured compared with 2 controls (P = 0.0175). The results show a wide range of morbidity, without severe complications as presenting manifestations. Symptomatic infection in the presence of low parasite loads suggests that there may be little or no immunity in this population.
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PMID:Morbidity from falciparum malaria in Natal/KwaZulu. 845 85

A hospital based retrospective study of amoebiasis was carried out for a ten-year period at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Of the 51 cases traced, 30 (59%) had amoebic dysentery, 20 (39%) were amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and one patient had both conditions. Entameoba histolytica trophozoites were identified in 13 (43%) of the amoebic dysenteric stools and 9 (30%) from biopsy. Of the 20 (39%) ALA cases, only one showed parasites in the stool and biopsy. Majority of the patients with dysentery were Malays while Chinese comprised 40% with ALA. Males predominated overall with a male female ratio of 3:1, while for ALA it was 9:1. Most of ALA were single (71.4%) and were localised in the right lobe. The majority of the patients were unemployed. Eighty three percent (83%) of the patients presented with diarrhoea or dysentery followed by abdominal pain while those with ALA had fever, chills, rigors and pain in the right hypochondrium. Eighty percent of the ALA cases showed hepatomegaly. All patients responded to treatment with metronidazole.
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PMID:Amoebiasis: a 10 year retrospective study at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. 1104 54

This is a ten year (1999-2008) retrospective study of amebiasis in patients admitted to UMMC. A total of 34 cases were analyzed. The most common were amebic liver abscess 22(65%) and the rest were amoebic dysentery 12(35%). Majority of the cases occurred among Malaysians 29(85%), with Chinese 14(41%), followed by the Malays 9(26%) and the Indians 6(18%). Foreigners made up of one Indonesian, one Pakistani and three Myanmarese and constituted 5(15%) of the total cases. Males 24(71%) were more commonly affected. Most of the cases occurred between the age group of 40-49 years, 8(23%) and 60 years and above, 8(23%). Age group of 20-50 years constituted 20(60%) of the cases. The most common clinical presentations were fever with chills and rigors 26(76%), diarrhoea 20 (59%), right hypochondrium pain 17(50%), abdominal pain 17(50%), hepatomegaly 16 (47%) and jaundice 7(20%). All were discharged well after treatment except for one case of death in a 69-year-old Chinese male with amebic liver abscess.
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PMID:A ten year (1999-2008) retrospective study of amoebiasis in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2023 39

Treatment options for lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), increasingly are based upon molecular targets, taking advantage of the immense research output over the past several years elaborating genetic abnormalities, downstream signaling, cell-surface immunobiochemistry, and microenvironmental stimuli. The latter targets have been particularly useful for the treatment of multiple myeloma, transforming a previously uniformly, fatal disease to one of a more chronic and potentially curable disorder. Subsequently, new treatment approaches are less likely to be based on the more classic types of cytocidal therapy, which, although successful and essential for the more aggressive disorders that are immediately life-threatening, tend to be less so, with respect to quality of life, risk versus benefit ratio and overall curability for the indolent diseases. Because the majority of newer agents are not available to the clinicians practicing in the community, a number of treatment options developed over the past two decades are capable of significantly improving the quality of life of patients with advanced CLL. The initial clinical approach to the patient should be based on performance status, age, comorbidities, and increasingly on prognostic factors elucidated over the past three decades. Initially, both simple laboratory studies and easily measurable clinical manifestations were used to guide the clinician (lymphocyte count, anemia, thrombocytopenia, enlarging lymph nodes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly), and clinical staging systems were developed. At present a cadre of biologic factors, including cytogenetic alterations, gene expression profiles with subsequent immunoglobulin abnormalities, and expression of CD38 and Zap-70, are now available and are standard decision-making criteria to treat a patient with CLL. An initial period of observation allows the clinician along with the patient to gather all the information necessary to make an informed treatment decision. Frequently, a "watch and wait" approach, which for CLL does not appear to harm the patient, is the most appropriate decision. Complications of CLL, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, will lead to treatment at least temporarily in those patients who might otherwise have not needed therapy. Frontline therapy will range from easily administrable single-agents to combination chemoimmunotherapy regimens. Experimental protocols, utilizing "post state of the art" treatments, are available in the form of research protocols at major treatment centers. At the present time, it is premature to recommend bone marrow ablative therapy as initial treatment unless the prognosis appears grave and the patient can withstand the rigors of this approach.
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PMID:Update on chronic lymphocytic leukemia: overview of new agents and comparative analysis. 2349 26