Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This case control study includes all children aged 12-36 months admitted to the pediatric unit of Sanou Souro Hospital for clinical malnutrition in Bobo-Biolasso, Burkina Faso in 1990 and early 1991. Cases numbered 273 persons, and matched controls numbered 173. 75% of cases have a diagnosis of marasmus, 10% have a diagnosis of kwashiorkor, and 15% have a diagnosis of marasmic kwashiorkor, Mortality includes 50% (14 cases) of the kwashiorkor cases and 30% of each of the other types of malnutrition. All cases show a poor anthropometric status (-4.2 among marasmus cases, -2.75 among kwashiorkor cases, and -3.80 among marasmic kwashiorkor cases). Only 2% show clinical malnutrition. The primary diagnoses are for diarrhea (78%), vomiting (46%), hepatomegaly (25%), dyspnoea (14%). and lymphadenopathy (14%). 35% are aged 12-17 months, 38% are aged 18-23 months, 18% are aged 24-29 months, and 9% are aged 30-36 months. 53% are male. 72% are in receipt of home follow-up visits. Of the 77 not followed up, 30 died. Cases and controls are grouped by feeding patterns (solid foods without breast milk, solid foods and breast milk and without or without porridge, and no solid foods). More malnutrition cases occur among children in the group with no solid food (11 with breast milk and/or other milk or porridge and 7 with porridge only). Those eating solid food with breast milk have a reduced odds of malnutrition. The case-control analysis indicates that more malnutrition occurs among those receiving breast milk or other milk. But with controls for age and supplementation the results indicate that children not receiving breast milk are twice as likely to suffer clinical malnutrition (odds ratio of 2.37), and the occurrence varies with age. Logistic regressions with control for confounding factors indicate that children without breast milk have three times the risk of malnutrition. Prolonged breast feeding and solid food supplements are associated with a 70% reduction in the rate of clinical malnutrition. Caution is urged in accepting wholly the findings due to the potential for reverse causality.
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PMID:Prolonged breast-feeding: no association with increased risk of clinical malnutrition in young children in Burkina Faso. 831 89

A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis was carried out in five villages around the Elziedab irrigation scheme, in the north, and three villages in the Gezira-Managil area in central Sudan. Stools and urine from 53% (2832 individuals) and 72% (3684 individuals) of the population of these villages, respectively, were examined using the modified Kato thick smear for stools and sedimentation for urine. Clinical history and examination were done on 2832 subjects (53%) in Elziedab and on 893 (18%) randomly selected samples in Gezira-Managil. Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 36% in Elziedab and the mean egg count was 150 eggs per gram of faeces (e.p.g.). Prevalence of bloody diarrhoea was 6%, hepatomegaly 6% and splenomegaly 10%. There was a significant association between these parameters and infection in the age group 10-24 years. Prevalence and intensity in Gezira-Managil area were significantly higher than in Elziedab, 52% and 234 e.p.g. Prevalences of bloody stool 29%, hepatomegaly 17% and splenomegaly 15% were also significantly higher than in Elziedab. These parameters were unrelated to the presence of eggs in the stool. Advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is less than 1% in both areas. While S. haematobium was not found in Elziedab, its prevalence varied from 10 to 15% in Gezira-Managil area. In conclusion, S. mansoni is much less prevalent in Elziedab than Gezira, signs and symptoms are much less prominent in Elziedab, and most of the symptoms are unrelated to the presence of eggs in the stool.
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PMID:Infection with Schistosoma mansoni in two different endemic areas: a comparative population-based study in Elziedab and Gezira-Managil irrigation schemes, Sudan. 845 82

The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied in a tropical area of Brazil. During an 18-month period (July 1989-January 1991), 111 consecutive AIDS patients (102 men and nine women) were evaluated. Patients reported homosexual/bisexual activities (60%), intravenous drug use (19%), or both (6%), heterosexual activities (11%), blood transfusions (2%), and 2% belonged to an undetermined category. Weight loss, fever, oral thrush, and diarrhea were present in > or = 70% of the patients at presentation. An unexpected high frequency of hepatomegaly (49%) was detected, and found to be significantly associated with tuberculosis (P < 0.0001). Although the epidemiologic features of human immunodeficiency virus transmission were comparable to the United States/European pattern, the clinical spectrum of opportunistic infections more closely resembled that reported in Africa and Haiti, with a greater frequency of fungal and mycobacterial infections than Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and viral infections.
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PMID:Characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil. 851 87

Sixty infants in whom clinical symptoms suspected of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were studied. CMV infection was found in 50% of the subjects. The diagnosis was based on studies of specific antibodies and isolation of the virus from urine and/or throat swabs. In most of the children the examinations were repeated several times, and clinical observations continued for 1 to 42 months (avg. 18 months). IgM-class antibodies were detected in 26 children and in 18 the virus was isolated. In 3 infants, isolation of CMV virus was the only evidence of active infection. Persisting viruria (avg. 11 months) and long-term presence of Ig G antibodies, even to 44th month of life were also observed. Congenital infection was diagnosed in 4 infants; the remaining ones acquired the infection during the perinatal period or later. In 7 cases transfused blood cannot be excluded as the source of infection. The clinical symptoms manifested in infected and non-infected children were similar. There was a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hyperbiliru-binemia and diarrhoea in infected children. Congenital abnormalities were found in 10 infected children, including 4 cases of congenital cytomegaly.
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PMID:[Congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus infection in infants confirmed by virologic studies]. 852 3

A cohort analysis was performed in Ndombo, Senegal, a community of about 4000, in the epicenter of the schistosomiasis outbreak. Four randomly selected cohorts of +or- 400 subjects were surveyed. Each cohort was examined parasitologically, clinically, and serologically (circulating antigen and antibody profiles); treated with praziquantel 40 mg/kg; and followed up at 6-12 weeks and at 1 and 2 years after treatment. The first cohort numbered 422 individuals, of which 91% had positive egg counts, with a mean egg count of 663 eggs per gram feces (epg). Quantitative egg counts in those aged 10-14 were 1409 epg and then declined to 632 epg in the age group 20-29 and to 266 epg in the age group over 40. In cohorts 2 and 3, examined in the spring and autumn, egg counts were substantially lower, particularly in adults, as compared with cohorts 1 and 4, which were both examined in the summer season. 94% of the subjects were positive in the serum circulating anodic antigen (CAA) ELISA, 83% in the serum CAA ELISA, and 95% in the urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) ELISA; CAA in urine was less sensitive, and was negative in half of the urine samples. Positivity rates for all assays increased with rising egg counts, and circulating antigen concentrations in both serum and urine correlated well with egg counts. IgE showed a significant increase with age, while IgG4 peaked in the age groups 10-15 and/or 15-19 years. A strong correlation between IgG, IgGl, and IgG4 against both crude antigens with pretreatment egg load was observed. Of the subjects in the first cohort, 61% reported abdominal pain, 33% diarrhea; only 16% showed mild hepatomegaly and only a few children had mild splenomegaly. In the first cohort, 82% of 298 reexamined subjects were still positive for S. mansoni 12 weeks after treatment with praziquantel 40 mg/kg. One year after treatment, cohort 1 showed mean egg counts in children (5-19 years) at 358 epg as compared with 1188 epg pretreatment.
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PMID:Immuno-epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infections in a recently exposed community in Senegal. 853 70

A 2-week-old emu chick (Dromaius novaehollandiae) of approximately 200 g body weight was presented for necropsy with a history of weakness, diarrhea, pallor of the head, and acute death. Hemorrhagic enteritis with mild hepatomegaly was noted on gross examination. Microscopic examination revealed necrohemorrhagic enteritis with intralesional intranuclear basophilic viral inclusion bodies in intestinal epithelial cells; splenic lymphoid necrosis and fibrin exudation; hepatocellular vacuolar change; and multiple clusters of small gram-negative bacilli in the liver, spleen, yolk sac, and intestine. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained fecal specimens and thin sections of small intestine revealed clusters of viral particles consistent with adenovirus and rotavirus. Attempts at viral isolation from pooled tissue specimens were unsuccessful. Escherichia coli was isolated from specimens of liver and intestine and from an abdominal swab.
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PMID:Combined adenovirus and rotavirus enteritis with Escherichia coli septicemia in an emu chick (Dromaius novaehollandiae). 856 55

A male child presented at 5 months of age with vomiting, diarrhoea, hypoglycaemia and hepatomegaly. Histology on a frozen liver biopsy suggested glycogen storage disease (GSD), while biochemical analyses confirmed an elevated glycogen content and normal activities of the GSD enzymes with the proviso that a variant of GSD 1 should be considered. The patient presented at 9 months of age with severe lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia. A glucagon tolerance test and galactose load test on the patient produced no glycaemic response. A second biopsy was obtained and appropriately handled for the investigation of variants of the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme (G6Pase) complex. Results showed that the patient had a deficiency of two transport proteins of the G6Pase complex, namely glucose-6-phosphate translocase and pyrophosphate translocase, i.e. GSD 1b/1c beta. These results were confirmed by additional kinetic analyses which provided confirmation of the double translocase deficiency. Evidence for inhibitors to these translocases was not found. The patient's treatment has resulted in the hypoglycaemia now being well controlled; however, at 3 years of age, height and weight are markedly lagging and he is moderately developmentally delayed. Neutropenia has not been found and neutrophil function is normal. Double enzyme deficiencies are very rare and possible explanations which might lead to this phenotype are considered. This, to the authors' knowledge, is the first report of a double translocase deficiency causing GSD type 1.
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PMID:Multiple transport protein defects in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1: GSD 1b/1c beta. 859 36

The clinical characteristics of 16 neonates with malaria parasitaemia diagnosed on Giemsa stained smears were documented during a 3-month rainy season period in a tropical African city. The prevalence of neonatal malaria was 8 per cent. Seventy-five per cent of these neonates had congenital malaria, 13 per cent transfusional malaria, and 13 per cent had acquired malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was found in all positive smears. Bacterial cultures of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were sterile. The predominant clinical features were those of fever (88 per cent), respiratory distress (57 per cent), pallor and anaemia (38 per cent each), hepatomegaly (31 per cent), and jaundice and diarrhoea (25 per cent each). Twenty-five per cent of the neonates were resistant to chloroquine sulphate; 19 per cent of the chloroquine resistant babies were also resistant to quinine sulphate 13 per cent of whom responded to halofantrine hydrochloride. One died a day after completing a full course of quinine, with a post-mortem blood smear showing no change in the density of parasitaemia.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of neonatal malaria. 860 38

Following the introduction of large-scale irrigation, an exceptional epidemic of intestinal schistosomiasis occurred in northern Senegal when a non-immune population was exposed to massive infection. Subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni were followed up parasitologically and clinically from the onset of the epidemic. After the initial evaluation, patients received a health education session and were treated with praziquantel in a dose of 30 mg/kg. One year after this treatment, S. mansoni eggs were found in the stools of 227/301 subjects (75%). Twenty-three per cent of subjects excreted > 400 eggs per gram (e.p.g.) and 11% excreted > 1000 e.p.g. of faeces. Overall, the geometric mean was 191 e.p.g. of faeces in infected individuals. The prevalence of diarrhoea was reduced from 55 to 29%, the prevalence of bloody diarrhoea from 44 to 11% and the prevalence of abdominal discomfort from 66 to 41%. No hepatomegaly was found in these patients either before or one year after treatment. Splenomegaly was reduced from 30% (measured by ultrasound) to 3% (on clinical examination). Morbidity associated with S. mansoni infection was considerably reduced one year after treatment with praziquantel (30 mg/kg).
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PMID:Clinical investigation of a population recently infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Richard-Toll, Senegal). 866 83

We studied 20 children with a clinical picture and laboratory study suggestive of hepatic glycogenosis. The age of the beginning of symptoms varied from birth to 24 months and the age at the diagnosis varied from 2 to 81 months. Hepatomegaly was found in all patients, diarrhea in 65% (13/26), "doll-face" in 55% (11/20) and convulsions in 50% (10/20). Nutritional evaluation showed more height deficiency than weight deficiency. Laboratory tests showed elevation of hepatic transaminases (12/19), hypercolesterolemia (8/14), hyperuricemia (6/17) and hypoglycemia (6/20). Liver function was not compromised in most of the cases. The results of glucagon tolerance test were variable. The histoenzymology study performed in 15 patients revealed the following results: Type VI (liver phosphorylase deficiency) in seven, Type I (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) in two, Type IV (brancher enzyme) in one and no conclusion could be drawn in five patients. The finding of hypoglycemia in few cases of this study can be justified by the few number of glycogenosis Type I, probably due to the fact that this type is the most easily diagnosed, with less necessity of referring them to specialized centers.
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PMID:[Hepatic glycogenosis in childhood: clinical and laboratory findings in 20 patients]. 872 90


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