Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients with unstable diabetes mellitus and pronounced elevations of serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatases are reported. Thorough investigations revealed no cause for the abnormalities. The enzyme elevations were associated with hepatomegaly, and in some instances, abdominal pain and leg edema. Liver biopsies in all patients showed only marked accumulation of glycogen in the hepatocytes.
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PMID:Elevated aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatases in unstable diabetes mellitus without ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia. 250 26

Three study groups in the Rusizi plain (Burundi) were examined parasitologically (duplicate 28 mg Kato slides) and clinically (history, abdominal palpation) 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment for Schistosoma mansoni infection. Infected subjects in Maramvya (n = 430) were treated randomly with oxamniquine 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg; those in Bulinga (n = 457) with praziquantel, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg; those in Bulamata (n = 333) with praziquantel, 30 or 40 mg/kg. In children (less than 20 years) in Maramvya and Bulamata, infection rates and intensities returned almost to pretreatment levels one to 2 years after treatment. In Bulinga, reinfection in children was much less intense. Hardly any reinfection occurred in adults in Bulinga and Maramvya; in Bulamata, half of the cured adults were reinfected, most of them lightly, 2 years after treatment. The initial parasitological advantage of the higher dosages of both drugs disappeared generally 3-12 months after treatment. There was no indication of predisposition to heavy reinfection after treatment of subjects with initial high egg counts. Little relation between pre-treatment egg count and morbidity was observed. The impact of chemotherapy on hepatomegaly was limited and observed only in adults treated with 40 mg/kg of either drug. Spleen rates in children and adults were not affected. Abdominal pain was reduced in almost all treatment groups for 3 to 24 months. The frequency of bloody diarrhoea decreased dramatically in children and adults from all 3 villages. This effect lasted 24 months in Maramvya, 12 months in Bulinga and 6 months in Bulamata, and was not dose-dependent. It is concluded that: (i) repeated population chemotherapy combined with sanitation is necessary to achieve lasting impact on infection rates; (ii) retreatment intervals should be adapted to age group and, possibly, local endemicity levels; (iii) the morbidity impact of population chemotherapy in these conditions was greater on intestinal than on hepatosplenic disease; (iv) lower, cheaper treatment schedules may in the long term be as effective as those with high cure rates.
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PMID:Two-year follow-up of Schistosoma mansoni infection and morbidity after treatment with different regimens of oxamniquine and praziquantel. 251 74

A study of morbidity and side effects of treatment with praziquantel in relation to intensity of infection with Schistosoma mansoni was conducted in 406 infected individuals from a newly-settled village in Metekel, north-western Ethiopia. Each subject was submitted to a standardized medical history and abdominal palpation. The frequencies of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were low, 2% and 3%, respectively. A positive association was found between egg load and a history of blood in the stool. Interviews on side effects were conducted on the day following treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight). Positive correlations with egg load were found for several side effects, including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache, back pain, and vomiting. Unusual side effects involving swelling of various parts of the body confirm 2 previous reports from a different region in Ethiopia and should be investigated further.
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PMID:Schistosoma mansoni infection in a new settlement in Metekel district, north-western Ethiopia: morbidity and side effects of treatment with praziquantel in relation to intensity of infection. 251 35

A case of severe sulfasalazine-induced hepatotoxicity is reported in a 14-year-old girl with Crohn's disease. Fourteen days after beginning sulfasalazine, she developed a systemic reaction characterized by high fever, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, and malaise, with tender hepatomegaly and elevated liver functions, leukemoid reaction, with eosinophilia, and immune complexes. She responded promptly to high-dose intravenous steroids with complete recovery. This case was compared to the three similar pediatric cases in the literature. The latent period was 11-19 days between sulfasalazine therapy and the onset of high fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, and pruritic maculopapular rash that spared palms and soles and resolved with desquamation. All children had hepatotoxicity indicated by tender hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes, and histologic inflammation on liver biopsy. The similarity between these features and those of other sulfa-induced hepatotoxic reactions suggests that the sulfapyridine moiety is the etiologic agent in these hypersensitivity reactions. Those children with circulating immune complexes responded well to steroids. Proper therapy for this rare but severe idiosyncratic reaction includes prompt recognition and discontinuation of sulfasalazine, and high-dose corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:Sulfasalazine-induced hepatotoxicity in children with inflammatory bowel disease. 256 69

Gastrointestinal manifestations of brucellosis in 340 Saudi Arabian patients are reported. Sixty seven per cent of patients presented with gastrointestinal disturbances. The most frequent symptoms were anorexia (40%), abdominal pain (16%), vomiting (11%), and diarrhoea (6%). Hepatomegaly (32%), splenomegaly (29%) and abdominal tenderness (15%) were major abnormalities on physical examination. In endemic areas for brucellosis, gastrointestinal disturbances in the presence of fever of obscure etiology, should raise the possibility of brucellosis.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of brucellosis in Saudi Arabian patients. 262 79

Ultrasonography has gained wide use in the diagnosis of hepatic cystic diseases. Ninety cases with nonparasitic hepatic cysts were detected in 4,615 patients who underwent routine abdominal ultrasonography. In this series, hepatic cysts were mostly discovered in men (62.1%), in the age range of 51-70 years (63.1%) and located in the right lobe of the liver (62.1%). Hepatomegaly, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and jaundice were the common clinical manifestations in patients with symptomatic hepatic cysts (13.7%), especially in cases with larger or multiple cysts. Only 4 patients received invasive management; 2 with ultrasonographic guide aspiration alone, 1 with external drainage, and 1 with alcohol instillation. Complications in this series of liver cysts were noted in 3 patients (3.16%) including infection, portal hypertension and jaundice.
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PMID:Nonparasitic hepatic cysts detected in ultrasonographic examination: analysis of 95 cases. 267 28

Renal vein thrombosis in early infancy is a complication of dehydration and prolonged hypotension. The onset is usually acute and the most common clinical signs are uni- or bilateral frank masses, hematuria, proteinuria and thrombocytopenia. In most cases, with conservative management, the late outcome is favorable. In the adult, renal vein thrombosis is often a silent complication of the nephrotic syndrome, the hypercoagulability of which may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the thrombosis. Clinically, the presentation of a sudden complete occlusion is that of severe abdominal and lumbar pain with hematuria and loss of function of the kidney that suffers hemorrhagic infarction. Physical examination often reveals an enlarged kidney. With gradual occlusion, renal function is preserved. The initial diagnostic approach is with ultrasound studies and computed tomography; definitive diagnosis is established by renal venography or by selective renal arteriography. In general, a conservative approach including the use of anticoagulant treatment is preferred to surgical intervention. Priapism is a persistent painful penile erection due to ischemic or non-ischemic causes; therapeutic intracavernosal injection of papaverine is becoming the most common cause. In early and mild stages, aspiration of blood from the corpora cavernosa supplemented with intracavernosal irrigation with alpha-stimulating agents is the procedure of first choice; in late and severe ischemia, a shunt procedure may become necessary. Hepatic vein thrombosis occurs in association with a number of conditions considered predisposing factors including the use of oral contraceptives. The clinical picture may be that of an acute illness with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, ascites and hepatic failure as well as early death. More often, the onset is insidious with slowly developing ascites and wasting. For the diagnosis, hepatic scintigraphy may be helpful but, at present, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance scanning are procedures of choice. There is, as yet, no adequate treatment. A fatal outcome may be prevented by surgical decompression of the congested liver and, in recent years, liver transplantation has been employed. Portal vein thrombosis, in children, is usually considered a complication of umbilical sepsis or a result of a congenital abnormality of the portal vein. In adults, the most frequent causes are hepatic cirrhosis and neoplasia. Clinically, there may be a sudden appearance of ascites with resolution in a symptom-free interval until the onset of other features of portal hypertension occur. Currently, ultrasound real-time imaging supplemented with Doppler capability, computed tomography and magnetic resonance scanning provide the necessary diagnostic information. Variceal hemorrhage is often the first major complication requiring treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Thrombosis in particular organ veins. 268 Aug 53

An unusual case of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus bacteremia was presented. A twenty four year old male was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal pain, general malaise, diarrhea, high fever, and hemoptysis. He was alcoholic and fond of eating raw liver. He had a history of partial gastrectomy and disturbance of pancreatic function. He showed pulmonary empyema, pleuritis, thrombophlebitis of lower legs, jaundice, hepatomegaly, diarrhea, pneumothorax, and low T3 low T4 syndrome. C. fetus subsp. fetus was detected from the venus blood and pleural effusion on admission. He was successfully treated by gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and minocycline. This is the fourth case of C. fetus subsp. fetus bacteremia in the Japanese literature. This microanerophilic gram negative curved bacillus has been increasingly associated with human disease and relapsing in nature, so protracted antimicrobial therapy was recommended.
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PMID:[A case report of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus bacteremia]. 269 82

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.
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PMID:The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. 289 21

We examined 56 French Canadians, aged 1 week to 54 years, from eastern Quebec who were referred to the Laval University Lipid Research Centre and in whom coincidental finding (in 46% of the cases), abdominal pain (in 32%) or family screening (in 22%) led to the diagnosis of primary lipoprotein-lipase-activity deficiency (familial hyperchylomicronemia). Half of the patients had one or more of the following signs: lipemia retinalis, eruptive xanthomas, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly; the plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher (greater than 40 mmol/L) among these patients than among those without clinical signs (mean 21.7 [standard deviation 13.5] mmol/L). The prevalence rate of this disorder was 30 times higher than the previously published rate and was highest in the counties of Charlevoix and Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (200 and 100 cases per million respectively) because of the distinct demographic history of these areas. Because of a founder effect an autosomal recessive gene involved in lipoprotein-lipase expression or activation has probably been disseminated among this isolated French Canadian population.
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PMID:Primary lipoprotein-lipase-activity deficiency: clinical investigation of a French Canadian population. 291 62


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