Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have carried out a prospective survey of 28 primary liver carcinomas over one year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the commonest malignancy seen in Rhodesian blacks, which results in a high index of suspicion and accounts for the 96.4% positive diagnosis before death in this study. The age distribution was evenly spread through adult life with no definite peak incidence. Some were young and without evidence of chronic liver disease, but many had the stigmata of established hepatic disease. This contrasts with the common assertion that in areas of high incidence for primary liver cancer those affected are mainly young and lack signs of chronic liver disease. The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and swelling and weight loss. Hepatomegaly, often tender and nodular, was present in all but one. The incidence of alpha-feto protein, 46.5%, is low compared with other countries where primary liver cancer is common. Hepatitis B antigen was absent in all 28, suggesting that there is no association between the persistence of the antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Rhodesia. Liver function tests, although abnormal, were never diagnostic of primary liver cancer. We have confirmed the association of high alcohol consumption and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Rhodesian African. 6 99

The clinical course of 40 patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma was reviewed. The majority had symptoms and signs suggesting abdominal malignancy; these included abdominal pain, weight loss, tenderness in the right upper quadrant, hepatomegaly, and fever. The most useful diagnostic tests were determination of serum alkaline phosphatase level, sodium sulfobromophthalein (Bromsulphalein) excretion, and liver scan. Prothrombin time and bilirubin levels were normal or only slightly elevated. Celiac angiography was helpful in determining the extent of the disease. Surgical exploration was done in 25% of the cases, but in only 5% was resection attempted. The grim prognosis is indicated by the fact that only 10% of patients were alive six months after admission to the hospital.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinical study. 17 24

We report new operative approaches to the treatment of hepatic vein occlusion due to malignant tumors in the liver and their results in four patients. Two patients had hepatoma, one had metastatic melanoma, and one had metastatic leiomyosarcoma. All of them had abdominal pain, abdominal distention secondary to ascites, and massive hepatomegaly. The right lobe and medial segment of the left lobe of the liver were involved in three patients, and the involvement was diffuse throughout the liver in one. Hepatic veins were occluded completely in one patient, and two of three veins were occluded in the others. Two patients were treated by hepatic resection and removal of tumor thrombus from the hepatic vein under isolation-perfusion technique. They lived 18 and six months, respectively, without recurrence of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Tumors in the other patients were diffuse and could not be resected. The hepatic artery was ligated and chemotherapy was given postoperatively. Ascites and abdominal pain disappeared completely in one, who survived 17 months. The other patient had significant palliation and lived nine months.
 ...
PMID:Surgical management of hepatic vein occlusion by tumor: Budd-Chiari syndrome. 19 61

Occurrence of fever in a patient with liver cirrhosis should suggest the following: 1. Endotoxemia. Endotoxins are normally present in portal blood; in hepatic cirrhosis they are insufficiently cleared by the liver and their presence can be demonstrated in the systemic circulation by the "limulus test". Fever is one of the many consequences ascribed to the presence of endotoxins in the blood. 2. Infections. Cirrhosis and alcoholism (which often accompanies it) impair host defenses against bacteria and other organisms. Thus, infections are actually more frequent in hepatic cirrhosis as is shown by the example of bacterial endocarditis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis must be searched for carefully when ascites is present. 3. Alcoholic hepatitis. This diagnosis is established histologically. The usual symptoms, occurring with variable incidence, include anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and jaundice in the presence of hepatomegaly, leukocytosis and an elevated SGOT. Differential diagnosis from obstructive jaundice and a severe prognosis without alcohol abstinence make early diagnosis mandatory. Its evolution in cirrhosis can be astonishingly rapid. In the absence of hepatic encephalopathy, corticosteroids do not appear to be recommended. 4. Hepatoma.
 ...
PMID:[Fever and liver cirrhosis]. 22 38

Fifteen males and 17 females with adrenal cortical carcinoma were reviewed. Their average age at diagnosis was 50.33 years plus or minus 12.26 SD for males and 39.76 years plus or minus 12.02 SD for females. The 5-year survival rate in this series was 31.25%. Abdominal pain, weakness, and weight loss were the primary presenting symptoms, whereas abdominal mass, distant lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and edema of the lower extremities were the main presenting signs. The major sites of distant metastatic involvement were the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, and bones. The best available mode of therapy was surgery. The use of ortho para 'DDD (o,p'DDD), either in addition to surgery or as the only mode of therapy, was not associated with any significant advantage to the patient. Female patients had a longer survival than males, probably because of their younger age at diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Adrenal cortical carcinoma. A study of 32 patients. 23 92

Barrio San Antonio is a coastal settlement on the San Juanico straits in the municipality of Basey on the island of Samar, the Philippines. It has a population of approximately 1,900 in 320 households. Initially, 851 residents (45%) of 240 households participated in this survey to determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and morbidity as indicated by associated hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. As a result of an initial single stool examination of 1 ml by a modified formalin concentration technique, 40% of this population was found to be infected. On subsequent examinations, with the addition of serologic techniques and recording the history of therapy, approximately 70% of this population was found to be infected with S. japonicum after the age of 10 years. If judged by the number of eggs produced per milliliter of feces, infection intensity in this population might be considered to be low. However, 25% (73 of 391 positives on single examination) exhibited schistosomal hepatomegaly or hepato-splenomegaly and had a mean egg count of 10.9. Those infected but without hepatomegaly had a slightly lower mean egg count of 8.4. Of the infected males with hepatomegaly, 75% were 19 years of age or less and 45% of these were producing less than 10 eggs/ml of stool. Of infected females with hepatomegaly, only 28% were 19 years of age or less, and 68% of these were producing less than 10 eggs/ml. Abdominal pain, distress, diarrhea, and dysentery were significantly more frequent in the infected than uninfected persons, and this frequency was related to egg output. The heights and weights of these infected individuals were less than those of the uninfected members of this population and significantly less than the Filipino norm. The small percentage of the infected population (6.6%) that were producing 51% of the eggs had a mean egg count of approximately 260 with a mean age of 33.7. In this group, 7 of the 22 individuals were in the age group 10--14 years and 15 were above 20 years of age. Although some individuals of Barrio San Antonio have sought therapy, this population and area have been largely unstudied and have not up to the present been involved in control or mass chemotherapy programs. The findings of this survey give an opportunity to determine the impact of such programs when they are instituted in this area.
 ...
PMID:Schistosomiasis japonica in Barrio San Antonio, Basey, Samar , The Philippines. I. Epidemiology and morbidity. 31 24

Four cases of hepatic angiosarcoma are reported with a review of 99 other cases in the English literature. Angiosarcoma of the liver is associated with chronic exposure to thorotrast, vinyl chloride, arsenicals, radium and possibly copper and with chronic idiopathic hemochromatosis. Although 40% of patients have hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis at autopsy, the nature of the association between chronic liver disease and hepatic angiosarcoma is unknown. The clinical presentation of hepatic angiosarcoma is nonspecific with abdominal pain, weakness and weight loss common complaints and with hepatomegaly, ascites and jaundice common findings. Liver function tests are usually abnormal but there is no one liver function test or set of tests specific for the tumor. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation is characteristic of hepatic angiosarcoma and may be related to local consumption of clotting factors and formed blood elements in the tumor. Catastrophic intraabdominal bleeding is also characteristic and occurs in one-fourth of all cases. This complication is likely related to the high incidence of clotting abnormalities and the vascular nature of the neoplasm. Selective hepatic arteriogram and open liver biopsy are the foundations of diagnostic evaluation. Percutaneous liver biopsy should be avoided. Failure to appreciate the possibility of hepatic angiosarcoma in the proper clinical setting, leading to blind percutaneous biopsy, may result in failure to make the diagnosis at the cost of significant morbidity and mortality. Survival of patients with hepatic angiosarcoma is brief; only 3% live longer than 2 years. Treatment of the tumor to date is empirical. There are probably a few patients who might benefit from radical surgery with curative intent. For all others chemotherapy is indicated. Adriamycin is active against hepatic angiosarcoma, but optimal dose and mode of administration require further investigation. Further study is also required to delineate the cause of hepatic angiosarcoma in the 60% of cases without definite epidemiologic association.
 ...
PMID:The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: a report of four cases and a review of the English literature. 36 8

Twelve patients with liver disease related to methyldopa were seen between 1967 and 1977. Illness occurred within 1--9 weeks of commencement of therapy in 9 patients, the remaining 3 patients having received the drug for 13 months, 15 months and 7 years before experiencing symptoms. Jaundice with tender hepatomegaly, usually preceded by symptoms of malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and associated with upper abdominal pain, was an invariable finding in all patients. Biochemical liver function tests indicated hepatocellular necrosis and correlated with histopathological evidence of hepatic injury, the spectrum of which ranged from fatty change and focal hepatocellular necrosis to massive hepatic necrosis. Most patients showed moderate to severe acute hepatitis or chronic active hepatitis with associated cholestasis. The drug was withdrawn on presentation to hospital in 11 patients, with rapid clinical improvement in 9. One patient died, having presented in hepatic failure, and another, who had been taking methyldopa for 7 years, showed slower clinical and biochemical resolution over a period of several months. The remaining patient in the series developed fulminant hepatitis when the drug was accidentally recommenced 1 year after a prior episode of methyldopa-induced hepatitis. In this latter patient, and in 2 others, the causal relationship between methyldopa and hepatic dysfunction was proved with the recurrence of hepatitis within 2 weeks of re-exposure to the drug.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of hepatic injury induced by methyldopa. 42 37

The case of a 19 yr-old female with abdominal pain, jaundice, and hepatomegaly is reported. A large mass replacing the left hepatic lobe, detected by scintigraphic and angiographic studies and also by means of ultrasound and transhepatic radio-opaque filling, proved to be cystic. A left hepatic lobectomy was performed. Pathologic examination revealed a mesenchymal hamartoma, a rather rare event in view of the patient's age. Prompt recovery followed surgery, and the patient is well and symptomless 1 yr after operation.
 ...
PMID:Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. 43 45

Clinical observations were made on 95 serologically or virologically confirmed dengue fever cases during an epidemic in a rural area of Indonesia in December 1976. The age distribution was similar to that observed in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, a highly endemic urban area. The observed disease ranged in severity from undifferentiated fever to shock and death. The majority of patients had acute onset of fever with nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain. Hepatomegaly was observed in only 19% of the patients. A positive tourniquet test was the most frequently observed hemorrhagic manifestation, but epistaxis was observed in 20% and hematemesis in 6% of the patients. Dengue shock syndrome was observed in 37% of the patients. There were four deaths, three of which were confirmed as due to dengue infection by virus isolation. The data suggest that one, and possibly two, of the fatal cases with virus isolation were primary infections, based on the results of hemagglutination-inhibition test using all four dengue antigens.
 ...
PMID:Epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in rural Indonesia. II. Clinical studies. 46 92


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>