Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcohol feeding to rats produced hepatomegaly, associated with enlargement of the hepatocytes. The increase in liver dry weight was accounted for not only by fat but also by protein accumulation, primarily in microsomes and cytosol, with a selective increase in export proteins: concentrations of both immunoreactive albumin and transferrin were augmented in liver microsomes and cytosol of ethanol-fed rats. To investigate the mechanism of this protein accumulation, [14C]leucine was injected intravenously and its incorporation into both liver and serum proteins was measured after various time intervals. Rates of synthesis and export were assessed from protein labeling and specific activities of leucyl-tRNA. Synthesis of liver protein and proalbumin were enhanced by chronic ethanol feeding, but this was not associated with a corresponding rise in serum albumin output. Actually, there was a significant retention of the label in liver albumin and transferrin with delayed appearance in the serum of ethanol-fed rats. This indicated that, regardless of the changes in synthesis, the export of protein from the liver into the plasma was impaired. This alteration in export was associated with a decreased amount of polymerized tubulin in the liver of ethanol-treated animals. Thus, both enhanced protein synthesis and defective export contribute to the ethanol-induced accumulation of liver protein, and the decrease in liver microtubules represents a possible site for impairment of protein export.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of alcohol-induced accumulation of protein in the liver. 56 Nov 18

Studies were carried out from June 1974 to May 1975 on the socio-economic status, health and nutritional status of the people in 4 villages, in the irrigation area of the Nong Wai Pioneer Agricultural Project of Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The result obtained were compared with those in 2 non-irrigated villages in the same province, in order to identify the health and nutritional problems which might arise during the water resource development in the irrigation area. It was found that in the irrigated villages 90% of the peoples were farmers, while in the non-irrigated villages all were farmers. The socio-economic status of the people in the irrigated villages was much better than those in the non-irrigated ones. The income per family in the former was about three times greater than that in the latter. In the study of the health conditions of the villagers, the vulnerable age group including pre-school children under 7 years of age and school children in the elementary school class 1 and class 2, aged 7-9 years old, served as subjects for investigation. Haematological and physical examinations revealed many children with mild to moderate anaemia, vitamin B2 deficiency and a few cases of hepatomegaly. Anaemic children were found to be more prevalent in the non-irrigated villages than in the irrigated area. The overall parasitic infection rates in children in the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were similar with respect to severity of the infection. Hookworm infection, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis and giardiasis were the leading parasitic infections, while amoebiasis was rare. Ascariasis and trichuriasis were not found. However, the first two helminthic infections had a low grade of intensity. The nutritional status of pre-school children, showed that there were more children with good growth in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated one. Serum proteins, albumin and globulin, and urinary urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio revealed normal findings indicating that the children had sufficient protein intake. The results of the urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine index suggested that many of the children in both groups of the villages were at marginal malnutrition status. Surveys on domestic animals including cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and field rats revealed no important zoonotic diseases except leptospirosis in a few rats. Some fish were found to harbour metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini, while some snails were positive for cercariae of O. viverrini, Schistosoma spindale, and Echinostoma malayanum. The overall findings indicated that the water resource development by establishing better irrigation, resulted in an improved socio-economic and nutritional status among the villagers, but health conditions and associated parasitic diseases and some nutritional deficiency still existed in the children. However, the findings from this study provide only preliminary data concerning the socio-economic status, health, and nutritional status of the villagers in the irrigation area...
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PMID:Socio-economic, health and nutritional status of the villagers in the Nong Wai irrigation area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. 103 Aug 56

The hepatomegaly that appears after long-term feeding of ethanol results in accumulation of protein that is quantitatively as important as the increase in lipid. The bulk of protein accumulated in the soluble fraction of the cell. Hepatic albumin and transferrin concentrations increase and colchicine-binding protein decreases, thus suggesting an intrahepatic retention of export proteins.
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PMID:Alcoholic hepatomegaly: accumulation of protein in the liver. 119 96

Thirty-four patients with primary generalized amyloidosis (PGA) and 14 with multiple-myeloma-related amyloidosis (MRA) were studied. The commonest clinical manifestations in PGA were nephrotic syndrome, hepatomegaly and congestive heart failure, and in MRA, low back pain, plasmacytoma and rheumatoid-arthritis-like syndrome. Eight patients with PGA had limited clinical expression of the disease, such as involvement of only kidneys, joints, parotid glands or gastrointestinal tract; in one patient amyloidosis was limited to lymph nodes. Low serum concentrations of total protein and albumin were common. M components were detected in the serum of 91% of patients with PGA and 92% of patients with MRA: 70% of the M components in PGA and 25% of those in MRA had lambda light chains. Bence Jones proteinemia was detected in 56% of the patients with PGA and in 77% of those with MRA. The serum concentration of immunoglobulins was decreased substantially in more than two thirds of the patients with PGA. Proteinuria (greater than 250 mg/24 h) was observed in 78% of patients with PGA and in 93% of patients with MRA. Bence Jones proteinuria was noted in 75 and 77% of patients, respectively. Plasmacytic infiltration of the bone marrow was found in 90% of the patients with PGA. The mean survival time of the patients with PGA was 28 months and of those with MRA, 29 months from the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings in primary generalized and multiple-myeloma-related amyloidosis. 126 76

Liver function tests were performed in 165 hospitalized patients suffering from P. falciparum malaria with complications. Serum bilirubin was found increased in 33 patients, and 22 of them had unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Serum alanine aminotransferase was increased in 5 patients, but only to mild to moderate levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase was increased in 11 patients, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in 3 patients. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly decreased but these were considered more as indicator of acute phase response. Liver cell necrosis was observed in one patient, and oedema and mononuclear cell infiltration in two patients. Though hepatomegaly and mild elevation of enzymes can be observed in a significant proportion of patients, involvement of liver leading to acute hepatitis or liver cell necrosis is a relatively uncommon complication in P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Hepatic changes in P. falciparum malaria. 128 32

Authors have performed an anatomo-clinico-biological comparison of two groups of hepatitis with lobular inflammation: group I with a simple lobular inflammation, called lobular hepatitis, and group II with a lobular inflammation associated with portal and periportal hepatitis, called chronic active hepatitis (CHA) with lobular hepatitis. Furthermore, a comparative study of these forms with a group of CHA without lobular inflammation was performed. Both forms of lobular inflammation appeared in young patients, the large majority of whom were infected with the hepatitis B virus; in 5 cases of CHA with lobular hepatitis the presence of the delta agent in the liver, possibly responsible of the lobular inflammation, was detected. The two forms of lobular hepatitis are differentiated by: the fivefold increase of ALAT over the normal value, with usually normal gamma-globulins and albumin, in the first group; in the lobular hepatitis, HBsAg was present in 33% of cases in the first group and in none of the patients of the second group, suggesting the integration of HBsAg within the hepatocytic genome; the clinical picture was generally asymptomatic in the first group and noisier, with hepatomegaly, in the second group; the period elapsed since the acute hepatitis was shorter in the first group (4-11 months) in 8 of 15 patients and longer in the second group. The clinical course of these forms of hepatitis if unforeseeable and the diagnosis is established on the basis of the morphological examination.
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PMID:[The significance of lobular inflammation in chronic active hepatitis]. 134 56

Piperonyl butoxide, alpha-[2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy- 2-propyltoluene, is a pesticide synergist. F344 rats of both sex were maintained on diets containing 0, 0.6, 1.2 or 2.4% of piperonyl butoxide for 13 weeks. At the end of experimental period, they were necropsied. Selected organs were weighted and serum was analyzed by clinical chemistry. In male and female rats of the 2.4%-group, body weight gains were depressed, macroscopically, hepatomegaly was marked and liver weights were significantly higher than those of the control group. In male and female rats of all treated groups, relative kidney weights were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Rats of the 2.4%-group had increased levels of albumin, cholesterol, urea nitrogen and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Examination of livers of the male 2.4%-group by light microscopy showed enlarged hepatocytes with glassy cytoplasm and fatty deposition. On occasion, there was coagulative necrosis of a few hepatocytes in the periportal area and oval cell proliferation. The kidney of treated rats showed atrophy of epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubules. These results indicated that toxicity of piperonyl butoxide in rats was directed primarily to the liver and kidney.
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PMID:Sub-acute toxicity of piperonyl butoxide in F344 rats. 158 83

Adult polycystic liver disease is an entity that is striking for the presence of extraordinary hepatomegaly. Very rarely do patients under 40 years of age experience problems and only a minority of middle-aged patients manifest symptoms due to organ compression or biliary tree obstruction. The clinical course is usually benign, and no specific therapy is required. The onset of right upper quadrant pain, back pain, and shortness of breath prompted evaluation of a 32-year-old woman with progressive hepatomegaly. CT scan revealed a massive cyst-riddled liver with posterior displacement of the spleen, compression of the pancreas, and renal cysts. Prothrombin time, albumin, and liver enzyme values were normal except for a mildly elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
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PMID:Symptomatic adult polycystic liver disease in a young woman. 175 23

The univariate analysis of prognostic factors showed the value of clinical variables (age, symptoms, lymph node enlargement, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, clinical stage), haematological variables (haemoglobin, platelet count, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, bone marrow involvement and biopsy pattern, cleaved lymphocytes, prolymphocytes, LDT) and biochemical variables (BUN, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and albumin). The multivariate analysis chose the combination of Rai's stage, age, cervical lymph node involvement, phosphorus and BUN. Two predictive models capable of separating appropriately low, intermediate and high risk groups were developed and validated. The results were compared with others in the literature. The interest of predictive models arising from multivariate analysis is stressed.
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PMID:[Chronic lymphatic leukemia. II. Analysis of prognostic factors and development of survival predicting models. Study of 187 patients]. 177 7

48 patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver were implanted with a subcutaneous access system allowing hepatic intra-arterial perfusion. Regional chemotherapy used 5-fluorouracil, while 17 patients also received low-dose mitomycin at the beginning of the study. Responses to the treatment occurred in 29 patients (60%) and median survival was 14.4 months. Toxicity included gastroduodenal erosions in 12.5% of the patients, leucopenia in 20.8%, catheter thrombosis in 42% and arterial thrombosis in 50%. 2 patients died of digestive haemorrhage probably related to treatment. When individually analysed, four factors were found to significantly affect survival: presence of hepatomegaly (defined as palpable liver edge exceeding the right costal margin by more than 5 cm) (P = 0.006), percentage of hepatic replacement superior to 50% (P = 0.003), more than four metastases (P = 0.025) and hypovascularised metastases at radionuclide liver scan with 99m technetium-labelled macroaggregate albumin (MAA) (P = 0.04). The effect of the four variables on the observed survival time was analysed using a Cox regression model. Two variables were found to have simultaneously influenced survival. Presence of hepatomegaly emerged as the more significant (P = 0.0001), the other being hypovascularised metastases at 99mTc-MAA.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma treated with discontinuous intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy. 183 91


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