Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Female Swiss-Vancouver (SWV) mice, 13 weeks old, were exposed to dietary dieldrin for up to 10 weeks. Liver mass, hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450, and the in vitro metabolism of imipramine were determined at intervals. Dieldrin (5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm) caused hepatomegaly and increases in P-450; both effects were dose-related. All doses increased microsomal protein by about 30% (control value was 15.3 mg of protein per gram of liver). Maximal responses were attained by 2 weeks of exposure and maintained thereafter. Plateau liver masses at these respective doses were 111, 119, 133, and 162% of the control value (57.9 mg of liver per gram of body weight). Cytochrome P-450 was, respectively, 124, 142, 185, and 173% of the control value (0.93 nmol per milligram of microsomal protein). These changes decreased pentobarbital sleeping times by an average of 540% in animals fed 5, 15, or 25 ppm for 4 weeks. Similarly, the latency to the onset of anesthesia was increased by 26% at all doses. The N-oxidation and aryl-hydroxylation of imipramine increased with age, while demethylation decreased. The hydroxylation and demethylation of imipramine was increased after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, of exposure to 20 ppm; N-oxidation was decreased. Longer exposure to lower doses caused similar changes. The changes in liver parameters and imipramine metabolism induced by 4 weeks exposure to 20 ppm were absent 6 weeks after exposure ceased.
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PMID:Effect of dietary dieldrin on the liver and drug metabolism in the female Swiss-Vancouver mouse. 120 96

The multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) is expressed in a wide variety of disease states and pathologic processes. Mice deficient in IL-6 display abnormal and delayed liver regeneration and repair. Currently, IL-6 is thought to influence liver growth indirectly by priming hepatocytes to respond to growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by inducing expression of HGF and by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis, as distinct from the direct mitotic effects of IL-6 on myeloid and other cell types. Here, we show that systemic administration of IL-6 using CHO cell tumors in nude mice results in dramatic hepatomegaly and hepatocyte hyperplasia in the absence of liver injury. Liver mass and liver to body mass ratios increased to 2 to 3 times normal because of proliferation of hepatocytes. Liver growth was associated with high levels of serum IL-6 and with activation of the IL-6-signaling pathway, including increased expression of IL-6 receptor-alpha/gp80, activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK)-signaling pathways and induction of downstream target genes, including c-myc. HGF receptor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha)/epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor activation were decreased in hypertrophied livers, suggesting that IL-6-induced liver growth was independent of these known hepatocyte mitotic pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that IL-6 may function as a direct hepatic mitogen in vivo and, furthermore, that IL-6 warrants closer examination as a potent liver growth factor with potential clinical utility for increasing liver mass following injury.
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PMID:Massive liver growth in mice induced by systemic interleukin 6 administration. 1288 76

Isolated hepatic tuberculosis presenting as a mass either with or without fever can be confused with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations are not specific. Radiological investigations such as ultrasound and computed tomography cannot confirm the diagnosis; hence it is vital to always make an effort to demonstrate presence of acid fast bacilli in aspirated pus or necrotic material from a liver mass. We present a case of 50 years old male patient with HIV/AIDS who presented with non-specific symptoms without fever, clinically with hepatomegaly mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the left liver lobe, with diffuse involvement in the right liver lobe. Liver mass histology showed granulomatous pattern with epitheloid cell aggregation. Aspirated blood from fine-needle guided biopsy stained on Ziehl Neelsen for acid fast bacilli turned out positive. Clinical examination did not reveal lymphadenopathy, abdominal ultrasound also ruled out para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and chest x-ray was essentially normal. Evaluation of the patient six months after completing quadruple treatment for tuberculosis showed marked clinical improvement. The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of hepatomegaly and initiate appropriate investigations to rule out a possibility of Tuberculosis which is potentially treatable with early diagnosis.
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PMID:Isolated tubercular hepatic abscess with diffuse pattern mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV positive patient: a case report. 2689 24

A 75-year-old woman with a 50-pack-year history of tobacco abuse presented with abdominal pain, encephalopathy and elevated liver enzymes. Serologic evaluation for viral hepatitis, drug levels and chronic liver disease panel was negative. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed hepatomegaly and a large area of decreased attenuation in the lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver which was also demonstrated on the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. CT of the chest was significant for a 1.4 cm left peripheral lingular nodule. Hepatic mass biopsy revealed small cell carcinoma (SCC), favoring lung primary. She had persistent liver failure with encephalopathy, coagulopathy and elevated liver enzymes during her hospital stay. Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by liver damage, encephalopathy and coagulopathy in patients without any prior history of liver disease. Although malignant infiltration has been described as a cause of ALF, SCC of the lung is an uncommon etiology.
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PMID:Unusual acute liver failure from small cell carcinoma of the lung. 3060 77