Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 39-year-old woman presented at 34 weeks gestation with a febrile illness. This initially settled but recurred 6 days later, when uncontrolled vaginal bleeding necessitated caesarian section. At operation, vesicles were seen on the mother's hyperaemic uterus. The infant developed tachypnoea, bradycardia, cerebral irritation, an enlarged liver and spleen, intravascular coagulation and a transient rash. Mother and child made a full recovery. Coxsackie B2 virus was isolated from the infant and rises in the titre of Coxsackie B virus-specific IgM were detected in mother and child.
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PMID:A novel presentation of Coxsackie B2 virus infection during pregnancy. 282 13

A case history of a 23-year old woman with criminal abortion complicated by septic shock and acute kidney insufficiency is reported. 2 days after abortion, the patient developed high fever, chills, uterine hemorrhage, abdominal and muscle pain, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Gynecological examination showed hypertrophy of the cervix uteri, enlargement of the uterus, and the presence of bloody secretion. Urine culture indicated the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to amikain. Clinical diagnosis was of septic shock and acute kidney insufficiency, and the patient underwent laparotomy followed by total extirpation of the uterus with adnexa. Histological examination of the uterus indicated suppurative-necrotic endometritis without signs of pregnancy. Postoperatively, the patient received hemodialysis in combination with antibiotics, corticosteroids, blood transfusions, and vitamins. She was discharged on day 53 after the onset of disease. It was concluded that criminal abortion can lead to severe septic shock and acute kidney insufficiency requiring intensive conservative therapy.
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PMID:[Septic shock following a criminal intervention on the nonpregnant uterus]. 321 83

Of 3200 buffaloes examined at Bareilly abattoir 915 (28.6%) were positive for hydatidosis. The hydatid infected organs were lungs (60%), liver (32%), spleen (4%), kidneys (2%), heart (0.9%) and brain (0.1%). The number of hydatid cysts encountered in lungs of an individual buffalo was 1-9 and 1-7 in liver. One buffalo liver showed severe hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and had an exceptionally high number of hydatid cysts. Infectivity studies in pups showed 16-29 per cent worm establishment with the presence of shelled eggs within the uterus of the parasite on day 45 post-infection.
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PMID:Prevalence of hydatid in buffaloes in India and report of a severe liver infection. 339 13

The oral toxicity of a mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (1:0.62, w/w) compounds typically found in munitions plant effluents, was evaluated in mammalian species. Single-dose oral LD50s of the mixture were 574 and 594 mg/kg in male and female rats and 947 and 1130 mg/kg in male and female mice, respectively. Long dispersion periods during preparation or ultraviolet irradiation of the mixture lowered the LD50s. In repeated-exposure studies, dogs were given 0.50, 5.0 or 50 mg/kg X d by capsule for up to 90 d. Rats and mice were fed the mixture in the diet at 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5% for 90 d; mice were also fed at 0.25%. Mortality resulted at the highest dose level in each species. All three species showed depression of body weight or body weight gain, depressed food intake, moderate to severe anemia, and alterations in the spleen (hemosiderosis), liver (hepatomegaly), and testes (atrophy) at the highest dose levels. Cholesterol was elevated in rats and dogs after 90 d. Several species differences were also noted. Uric acid values were elevated in rats but not in dogs, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity was low in dogs but unchanged in rats, and rats developed hypoplasia of the uterus but dogs did not. Signs of anemia were present at the intermediate dose levels. The lowest dose level in all three species was designated at a "no observable effects" level, based on the absence of clearly treatment-related effects. In a 4-wk study, the irradiated mixture fed to rats at 0.003, 0.03, or 0.3% in the diet was less toxic than the unirradiated mixture.
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PMID:Short-term oral toxicity of a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine mixture in mice, rats, and dogs. 710 80

The case is described of a 53-year old woman who had given birth three times and had undergone one abortion. After she was treated as an outpatient because of back pain in the lower waist area suppuration occurred from a fistula laterally right to the sacral bone in the area of the buttocks triangle, which persisted even after several outpatient surgical interventions. In addition, she had experienced a weight loss of 24 kg. At admission she had a temperature of 39 degrees Celsius, anemia, and leukocytosis. Sonography indicated slight hepatomegaly, hydroureter, right-sided hydronephrosis, and an right ovarian cyst of 4 cm size. Computer tomography showed a blurry structure that extended from the right kidney pole along the M. iliopsoas caudally up to the small pelvis, pressing against the organs caudally-ventrally, which also broke through dorsally between the lumbar region vertebrae and pelvis in the gluteal region percutaneously. The process was categorized as a frank paranephritis prolapsus abscess. Cessation of urine was determined. Laparotomy was carried out because of the suspicion of an inflammatory adnexal disease with parametritis. The uterus, including both adnexa as well as the conglomeration tumor, were removed. In the uterine cavity a Dana Cor IUD was found that had been inserted 13 years before and forgotten by the patient. At the site of the right adnexum there was a tumor (9 x 6 x 5 cu. cm) as well as a tube changed by inflammation (7 x 1.5 sq. cm). On the right side there was unspecific, suppurative salpingitis and in the ovary an abscess formation on the grounds of actinomycosis. On the left side there was only a suppurative inflammation of the tube without actinomycosis sediment. Immediately a high-dose antibiotic therapy (Penicillin G, 10 million IU) was started, lasting for 1 year. The kidney cessation with the back complaints rapidly disappeared. The cutaneous fistulae healed with scarring, however, a fully normal right-sided kidney function could not be restored.
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PMID:[Tumorous actinomycosis of the pelvis with in situ intrauterine device]. 830 17

In the disease of endometriosis, endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, usually in the peritoneal cavity. Rodent models of endometriosis allow a way to reproduce the disease, evaluate effects of chemicals, and study mechanisms. Twenty-one days prior to induction surgery which produces endometriosis, female Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice were pretreated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at 0, 3 or 10 micrograms TCDD/kg. Animals were treated again at the time of surgery and at 3, 6, and 9 weeks following surgery. Evaluations were made at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postsurgery. TCDD produced a dose-dependent increase in endometriotic site diameter when all time points were pooled within each dose in rats and a dramatic increase in site diameter in mice at 9 and 12 weeks. In rats but not mice, ovarian weight was decreased at 9 and 12 weeks, the occurrence of persistent vaginal estrus was increased at these times, and histological evaluation of the ovaries revealed ovulatory arrest at 12 weeks. In both species, thymic antrophy, indicating immune dysfunction, and hepatomegaly were observed as consequences of TCDD exposure. Body weight was reduced in rats but not in mice. Histological evaluations of endometriotic sites revealed fibrosis in control rats, necrotic and inflammatory changes in the sites from TCDD-treated rats, and predominantly fibrotic changes in sites from TCDD-treated mice. Differences observed between the rat and the mouse with respect to (a) the magnitude of the effect on endometrial site diameter (rats < mice), (b) measured effects on ovarian function (rats > mice) that may be based on the partial antiestrogenicity of TCDD, and (c) evidence that mice and rats differ in their immune response to TCDD suggest that the mechanisms mediating TCDD's action to promote endometriosis are complex and may be different in rats and mice. The mouse may be a better model for future studies necessary to elucidate these mechanisms.
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PMID:Promotion of endometriosis by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats and mice: time-dose dependence and species comparison. 865 2

Polybrominated biphenyls are synthetic chemicals used as flame retardants. The technical product used in these studies, Firemaster FF-1(R)), is a mixture of brominated biphenyls. Firemaster FF-1(R)) is a known liver carcinogen in rats and mice and is one of three compounds chosen by the National Toxicology Program to investigate the potential value of perinatal exposures in assessing chemical carcinogenicity. Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of polybrominated biphenyls (Firemaster FF-1(R)) were conducted in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex. The studies were designed to determine: a) the effects of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice receiving adult ( F1) exposure only (a typical carcinogenicity study), b) the toxic and carcinogenic effects of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice receiving perinatal (F0) exposure only (dietary exposure of dams prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation), and c) the effects of combined perinatal and adult exposure to polybrominated biphenyls. STUDIES IN F344/N RATS: The exposure levels selected for F1 exposure, based on studies of polybrominated biphenyls in the literature, were 3, 10, and 30 ppm. In a preliminary study to determine the perinatal dietary concentrations for the 2-year study, female rats were administered 1 to 30 ppm polybrominated biphenyls in the feed beginning 60 days prior to breeding and continuing throughout gestation, lactation, and up to 4 weeks postweaning. The mean preweaning litter weight of the 30 ppm group was less than 80% of the mean litter weight of the control group at days 0, 4, and 12. At weaning, the mean weight of litters in this group was 80% of the control group mean. The final mean body weights (28 days after weaning) of males and females receiving 30 ppm were 13% to 19% lower than the final mean body weights of the controls. Therefore, dietary concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 10 ppm were selected for the F0 exposure levels in the 2-year study. The eight F0 F1 exposure combinations selected for the 2-year study are shown in the following table (see page 6 of full technical report). Adult-Only Exposure The major organ affected by toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls was the liver. Rats evaluated at 9 months had decreased body weights, hepatomegaly, nonneoplastic histopathologic changes in the liver, mild anemia, increases in serum cholesterol concentrations, and decreases in serum triglyceride concentrations (males only). In rats receiving adult only exposure (F0 F1 concentrations of 0:10 or 0:30 ppm), there were no significant effects on survival. Mean body weights were significantly reduced in 0:10 and 0:30 ppm male rats and in 0:30 ppm female rats. Males and females exposed to 0:10 or 0:30 ppm had increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms (males: 0:0 ppm, 1/50; 0:10 ppm, 12/49; 0:30 ppm, 41/50; females: 0/50,12/50, 39/50). Increased incidences of the following nonneoplastic lesions were associated with the administration of polybrominated biphenyls: eosinophilic foci, cytoplasmic vacuolization, oval cell hyperplasia, and hypertrophy in the liver of males and females; acanthosis, inflammation, and ulceration of the forestomach in exposed males; and cystic endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus in 0:30 ppm females. Perinatal-Only Exposure For rats receiving only perinatal exposure (10:0 ppm), there were no changes in survival or body weights compared to the 0:0 ppm control groups. In female rats, there were no effects on neoplasm incidences, but perinatal exposure was associated with a marginally increased incidence of hepatocellular adenoma in male rats (0:0 ppm, 1/50; 10:0 ppm, 5/50). The incidences of nonneoplastic lesions in the liver were increased in exposed males (eosinophilic foci and cytoplasmic vacuolization) and females (eosinophilic foci). Combined Perinatal and Adult Exposure Combined perinatal and adult exposure resulted in marginally reduced survival compared to the 0:0 ppm control group for male rats in the 3:10, 10:10, and 10:30 ppm groups. No significant survival differences were obseant survival differences were observed in female rats. The final mean body weights of male and female rats receiving 3:10,10:10, or 10:30 ppm were lower than those of the 0:0 ppm controls. In male rats, there were no enhancing effects of combined perinatal and adult exposure on the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms. However, perinatal exposure enhanced the development of liver neoplasms in female rats receiving 10 or 30 ppm adult exposure. A combined analysis of all male and female exposure groups also revealed increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia that were considered related to polybrominated biphenyls exposure. STUDIES IN B6C3F1 MICE: The exposure levels selected for the F1 exposure, based on studies of polybrominated biphenyls in the literature, were 3,10, and 30 ppm. In a preliminary study to determine the perinatal dietary concentrations for the 2-year study, female C57BL/6N mice were exposed to 1 to 30 ppm polybrominated biphenyls in the feed beginning 60 days before breeding to C3H/HeN males, continuing throughout gestation and lactation and up to 4 weeks postweaning. There were no clear chemical-related effects on survival or growth at any phase of the study; therefore, 0, 3,10, and 30 ppm dietary concentrations were selected for the F0 exposure levels in the 2-year study. The eight F0 F1 exposure combinations selected for the 2-year study are shown in the table below (see page 7 of full technical report). Adult-Only Exposure The major organ affected by toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls was the liver. Animals evaluated at 9 months had lower body weights than the controls, hepatomegaly, and histopathologic changes in the liver. In mice receiving adult-only exposure, no males or females in the 0:30 ppm group survived to the end of the study. Neither survival nor body weights were affected in the 0:10 ppm groups. Males and females receiving 0:10 or 0:30 ppm had markedly increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms (males: 0:0 ppm, 16/50; 0:10 ppm, 48/49; 0:30 ppm, 48/50; females: 5/50, 42/50, 47/48). Increased incidences of nonneoplastic liver lesions including cytomegaly (hypertrophy), fatty change (cytoplasmic vacuolization), bile duct hyperplasia, eosinophilic and clear cell foci, and necrosis of individual hepatocytes were related to treatment with polybrominated biphenyls. Increased incidences and severity of chronic nephropathy in the kidney and excessive hematopoiesis in the spleen of 0:30 ppm males and females were also considered to be related to exposure to polybrominated biphenyls. Perinatal-Only Exposure There were no survival or body weight differences in mice receiving only perinatal exposure (30:0 ppm). Perinatal exposure resulted in significantly increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms in males and females. The incidences of nonneoplastic lesions (cytomegaly, eosinophilic foci, clear cell foci) were increased in males and females. Combined Perinatal and Adult Exposure Combined perinatal and adult exposure resulted in markedly reduced survival for females in the 30:10 ppm group; no mice receiving 30:30 ppm survived to the end of the study. In those groups receiving adult exposure of 30 ppm, mean body weights were not affected. The incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in male and female mice was significantly increased. At the 9-month interim evaluation the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas was significantly increased in males (0:30 ppm, 1/10; 30:30 ppm, 7/10). The incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in 30:30 ppm females was similar to that of 0:30 ppm females (0:30 ppm, 0/10; 30:30 ppm, 3/10). At the end of the study the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in males was statistically increased (0:30 ppm, 42/50; 30:30 ppm, 48/50). The incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in 30:30 ppm females was statistically decreased compared to that of 0:30 ppm females (0:30 ppm, 46/48; 30:30 ppm, 41/47). It was not possible to assess the potential enhancing effect of combined perinatal and adult exposure on hepatocellular neoplasms because adult-only exposure resulted in such high (84&percnt; to 98&percnt;) liver neoplasm incidences. CONCLUSIONS: Adult-Only Exposure Under the conditions of these 2-year, adult-only, dietary exposure studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity for polybrominated biphenyls in male and female F344/N rats and male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms. Perinatal-Only Exposure Perinatal exposure alone (through dietary administration of 10:0 ppm polybrominated biphenyls to the dams) had no effect on the incidences of neoplasms in female F344/N rats, but in male F344/N rats, perinatal exposure was associated with a marginally increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas that may have been related to chemical administration. In male and female B6C3F1 mice, perinatal exposure to 30:0 ppm polybrominated biphenyls resulted in significantly increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms. The incidences of a number of nonneoplastic lesions in the liver (cytomegaly, eosinophilic focus, and clear cell focus) were increased in male and female B6C3F1 mice. Combined Perinatal and Adult Exposure Combined perinatal and adult dietary exposure to polybrominated biphenyls confirmed findings of the adult-only exposures for the increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. In male F344/N rats, there were no enhancing effects of combined perinatal and adult exposure. However, perinatal exposure enhanced the susceptibility of female F344/N rats receiving adult exposure of 10 or 30 ppm to the induction of liver neoplasms. For male and female F344/N rats, a combined analysis of the incidences of leukemia in the adult-only, perinatal-only, and combined perinatal and adult exposure groups revealed an apparent association between increasing incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia and exposure to polybrominated biphenyls. In male and female B6C3F1 mice, it was not possible to adequately assess the enhancing effects of combined perinatal and adult exposure on hepatocellular neoplasms, because adult-only exposure to 10 or 30 ppm polybrominated biphenyls resulted in high incidences (84&percnt; to 98&percnt;) of liver neoplasms. However, with increased perinatal exposure, there were increases in the numbers of B6C3F1 mice with hepatocellular carcinomas and in the numbers of B6C3F1 mice with multiple hepatocellular adenomas, which suggests an enhancement of polybrominated biphenyls-related hepatocellular carcinogenicity associated with perinatal exposure. Synonyms: PBBs; polybrominated biphenyl mixture; hexabromobiphenyl (technical grade); brominated biphenyls; polybromobiphenyls
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PMID:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Polybrominated Biphenyls (CAS No. 67774-32-7)(Firemaster FF-1(R)) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). 1263 61

Congenital tuberculosis is a severe rapidly progressive disease which differs from neonatal tuberculosis because patients present tuberculous lesions during their first weeks of life, primary hepatic complex or hepatic caseous granulomas, confirmation of tuberculosis in placenta or in maternal genital tract (uterus or adnexa), and exclusion of birth channel or postnatal exposure. We report a case of a 20 days newborn baby admitted to the neonatal unit with fever, hepatoesplenomegaly, abdominal distension and respiratory symptoms. Abdominal echography showed ascitis, diffuse hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, focal hipoecoical spleen images and portal lymphadenopathy. Thorax X-ray with micronodular infiltrates. Maternal pneumonia with pleural effusion was reported during pregnancy. Empirical treatment was initiated with 4 antituberculous drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol suspecting tuberculosis. She died the next day. M. tuberculosis was obtained in a gastric lavage culture, blood cultures and post mortem spleen puncture.
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PMID:[Congenital tuberculosis. Infrequent presentation of a common disease]. 1866 Oct 41

Decabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a fully brominated diphenyl ether compound used widely as an additive brominated flame retardant in a variety of consumer products. In recent years, BDE-209 has been reported to be abundant and persistent in the environment, and comparatively high burdens have been found in occupational environmental compartments and exposed individuals. In the present study, an animal model for simulating long-term occupational exposure to BDE-209 was set up. Female C57BL/6 mice (n=10) were intragastrically administered BDE-209 at a dose of 800 mg kg(-1) bw at 2-d intervals for 2 years with an internal blood level of approximately 200 ng mL(-1), which was comparable to the high level of BDE-209 detected in the occupational population, and the biodistribution and biological effects were evaluated systematically. The results showed that large amounts of the chemical accumulated in most tissues, and the preferential organs were the ovary and uterus, liver and lung. Decreased survival was observed in the exposed mice. The subsequent pathological analysis revealed hepatomegaly in the exposed mice, accompanied by obvious histopathological changes in the liver, lung, brain, spleen, kidney and ovary. No neoplastic lesions were observed in this lifetime exposure study. Although the number of experimental mice was limited, our observations offer a comprehensive understanding of the chronic toxicology of BDE-209 after continuous high-dose exposure.
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PMID:Simulating long-term occupational exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether using C57BL/6 mice: biodistribution and pathology. 2568 76

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown origin, and littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare vascular tumor of the spleen with an unknown etiology. The current study reports the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with anemia, growth retardation and amenorrhea. Physical examination revealed a mass in the mesentery, splenomegaly with multiple small nodules, hepatomegaly and an infantile uterus. Histopathological analysis of the resected mass and spleen confirmed the diagnosis of hyaline-vascular CD and LCA. The patient's anemia resolved, and menstruation and breast development also commenced following surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CD accompanied by littoral cell angioma, anemia, growth retardation and amenorrhea.
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PMID:Unicentric mesenteric Castleman's disease with littoral cell angioma, anemia, growth retardation and amenorrhea: A case report. 2578 41


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