Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three years after intestinal schistosomiasis had been reported for the first time in the delta of the Senegal River Basin, an ultrasonographic study was conducted on 358 subjects of the community of Richard-Toll with a proven Schistosoma mansoni infection and compared with the findings from 352 uninfected subjects of a nearby town. Periportal thickening was found in 119 subjects (33%) in only one of whom it was greater than 10 mm; liver parenchyma lesions were found in 40 subjects (11%), at about the same rate in all age groups. No correlation was found between hepatomegaly and schistosomiasis. Frequency of thickening of the omentum was significantly higher in Richard-Toll than in the control group. 11% of the Richard-Toll subjects had portal vein diameters significantly larger than the values in the control group; of those, 6% had no periportal fibrosis sign in the liver. Significantly more splenomegaly was found in the infected group, though malaria as an aetiological agent cannot be ruled out. Based on periportal alterations and parenchyma lesions only, 141 (39%) subjects in the Richard-Toll group had alterations, corresponding to the World Health Organization proposed criteria for stage I; one subject had alterations corresponding to stage II. As S. mansoni infection is still new in this area, the patho-anatomical pattern is likely to change significantly in the future.
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PMID:Hepatosplenic alterations determined by ultrasonography in a population recently infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll, Senegal. 833 26

Ninety seven patients with liver cirrhosis of schistosomiasis were collected. Its CT findings and features were analysed on the clinicopathological basis including (1) the high percentage of the hepatomegaly and of the enlargement of the left lobe; (2) occurrence of deposition and calcification of eggs in large bowel wall (5/5), the portal vein system (22/97), the root of the mesentery (9/97) and the liver (93/97); (3) the variety and characteristics of the appearances of the intrahepatic calcification; (4) widened and fibrotic changes in the portal canal region. It was also noted that high percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with this disease in the present series (25/97).
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PMID:[Hepatic schistosomiasis. X-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of 97 cases]. 839 1

A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis was carried out in five villages around the Elziedab irrigation scheme, in the north, and three villages in the Gezira-Managil area in central Sudan. Stools and urine from 53% (2832 individuals) and 72% (3684 individuals) of the population of these villages, respectively, were examined using the modified Kato thick smear for stools and sedimentation for urine. Clinical history and examination were done on 2832 subjects (53%) in Elziedab and on 893 (18%) randomly selected samples in Gezira-Managil. Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 36% in Elziedab and the mean egg count was 150 eggs per gram of faeces (e.p.g.). Prevalence of bloody diarrhoea was 6%, hepatomegaly 6% and splenomegaly 10%. There was a significant association between these parameters and infection in the age group 10-24 years. Prevalence and intensity in Gezira-Managil area were significantly higher than in Elziedab, 52% and 234 e.p.g. Prevalences of bloody stool 29%, hepatomegaly 17% and splenomegaly 15% were also significantly higher than in Elziedab. These parameters were unrelated to the presence of eggs in the stool. Advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is less than 1% in both areas. While S. haematobium was not found in Elziedab, its prevalence varied from 10 to 15% in Gezira-Managil area. In conclusion, S. mansoni is much less prevalent in Elziedab than Gezira, signs and symptoms are much less prominent in Elziedab, and most of the symptoms are unrelated to the presence of eggs in the stool.
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PMID:Infection with Schistosoma mansoni in two different endemic areas: a comparative population-based study in Elziedab and Gezira-Managil irrigation schemes, Sudan. 845 82

A cohort analysis was performed in Ndombo, Senegal, a community of about 4000, in the epicenter of the schistosomiasis outbreak. Four randomly selected cohorts of +or- 400 subjects were surveyed. Each cohort was examined parasitologically, clinically, and serologically (circulating antigen and antibody profiles); treated with praziquantel 40 mg/kg; and followed up at 6-12 weeks and at 1 and 2 years after treatment. The first cohort numbered 422 individuals, of which 91% had positive egg counts, with a mean egg count of 663 eggs per gram feces (epg). Quantitative egg counts in those aged 10-14 were 1409 epg and then declined to 632 epg in the age group 20-29 and to 266 epg in the age group over 40. In cohorts 2 and 3, examined in the spring and autumn, egg counts were substantially lower, particularly in adults, as compared with cohorts 1 and 4, which were both examined in the summer season. 94% of the subjects were positive in the serum circulating anodic antigen (CAA) ELISA, 83% in the serum CAA ELISA, and 95% in the urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) ELISA; CAA in urine was less sensitive, and was negative in half of the urine samples. Positivity rates for all assays increased with rising egg counts, and circulating antigen concentrations in both serum and urine correlated well with egg counts. IgE showed a significant increase with age, while IgG4 peaked in the age groups 10-15 and/or 15-19 years. A strong correlation between IgG, IgGl, and IgG4 against both crude antigens with pretreatment egg load was observed. Of the subjects in the first cohort, 61% reported abdominal pain, 33% diarrhea; only 16% showed mild hepatomegaly and only a few children had mild splenomegaly. In the first cohort, 82% of 298 reexamined subjects were still positive for S. mansoni 12 weeks after treatment with praziquantel 40 mg/kg. One year after treatment, cohort 1 showed mean egg counts in children (5-19 years) at 358 epg as compared with 1188 epg pretreatment.
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PMID:Immuno-epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni infections in a recently exposed community in Senegal. 853 70

A community-based, double-blind, randomized trial of praziquantel was carried out in an area of Zambia endemic for schistosomiasis. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the treatment on Schistosoma mansoni morbidity. A total of 377 infected children, aged seven to 19 years, was randomized into two groups: one of 190 (group A) and one of 187 (group B). All children were treated with 40 mg praziquantel/kg at the start of the study. Six months later, the children in group A were re-treated with the same dose of praziquantel, while the children in group B were given placebos. All children were followed up three, six and 12 months after the initial treatment, morbidity being clinically evaluated at the six- and 12-month follow-ups. The results show that, in both groups of children, there were significant reductions in splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and subjective symptoms of morbidity six and 12 months after initial treatment. However, there were no significant differences, between the two groups, in the prevalences of these symptoms of morbidity. It therefore appears that once-yearly treatment of children, in this and similar endemic areas, is sufficient to reduce schistosomiasis morbidity to, and maintain it at, a tolerable level.
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PMID:A community-based randomized trial of praziquantel to control schistosomiasis morbidity in schoolchildren in Zambia. 856 26

The long-term impact of annual case-finding and chemotherapy with praziquantel on schistosomiasis japonica was examined in an 8-year longitudinal study in the Philippines. The prevalence, incidence, and intensity of infection and schistosome-induced hepatomegaly significantly decreased within 3-4 years of treatment and then stabilized despite continual population-based chemotherapy. Hepatomegaly rapidly developed in acutely infected persons, with 82% of subjects developing hepatic enlargement within 2 years of reinfection. These data suggest that abrupt discontinuation of current control measures in the Philippines may result in a rapid rebound in morbidity. Age-dependent acquired resistance to reinfection also developed in subjects chronically exposed to schistosomiasis japonica, suggesting that a vaccine may represent an alternative approach for control of this parasitic infection.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines: the long-term impact of population-based chemotherapy on infection, transmission, and morbidity. 865 87

Following the introduction of large-scale irrigation, an exceptional epidemic of intestinal schistosomiasis occurred in northern Senegal when a non-immune population was exposed to massive infection. Subjects infected with Schistosoma mansoni were followed up parasitologically and clinically from the onset of the epidemic. After the initial evaluation, patients received a health education session and were treated with praziquantel in a dose of 30 mg/kg. One year after this treatment, S. mansoni eggs were found in the stools of 227/301 subjects (75%). Twenty-three per cent of subjects excreted > 400 eggs per gram (e.p.g.) and 11% excreted > 1000 e.p.g. of faeces. Overall, the geometric mean was 191 e.p.g. of faeces in infected individuals. The prevalence of diarrhoea was reduced from 55 to 29%, the prevalence of bloody diarrhoea from 44 to 11% and the prevalence of abdominal discomfort from 66 to 41%. No hepatomegaly was found in these patients either before or one year after treatment. Splenomegaly was reduced from 30% (measured by ultrasound) to 3% (on clinical examination). Morbidity associated with S. mansoni infection was considerably reduced one year after treatment with praziquantel (30 mg/kg).
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PMID:Clinical investigation of a population recently infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Richard-Toll, Senegal). 866 83

Previous attempts to assess the health impact of schistosomiasis control programs on community morbidity have been limited by a lack of a theoretical framework that describes the dynamic relationships between infection and morbidity. In this paper, a model of schistosomal morbidity is developed and parameterized. Morbidity is divided into that due to current heavy infection, and early and late stages of chronic disease. The model was parameterized using data showing resolution of disease after treatment, correlations between prevalence of disease and intensity of infection and using age-morbidity profiles. The fitted parameters suggest that early manifestations of disease such as hepatomegaly in Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum infections would resolve relatively quickly following treatment whereas later forms of disease such as liver fibrosis resolve very slowly or not at all. Similar general conclusions were obtained with data on early and late forms of urinary tract morbidity in S. haematobium.
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PMID:Dynamic models of schistosomiasis morbidity. 870 23

Three hundred children with hepatomegaly were selected. They were subjected to full clinical and laboratory examinations. Also serum samples were examined to detect IgG using ELISA against SEA, chromatography purified hydatid cyst antigen, commercially available Toxoplasma antigen, partially purified adult Fasciola antigen and second-stage larvae Toxocara canis antigen. IFAT was used to detect IgG against Toxoplasma and T. canis. A commercially available IHAT kit for leishmaniasis was used. Based on immunological assays, 125 cases were suffering from various parasitic infections. Thirty cases with schistosomiasis (10%), 26 cases fascioliasis (8.7%), 18 toxocariasis (6%), 35 toxoplasmosis (11.7%), 3 cases hydatidosis (1%) and 13 cases mixed parasitic infections. No parasitic causes could be found in 175 cases (58.3%). Moderate or marked hepatomegaly favours the presence of schistosomiasis. Whereas, most cases with other parasites and those with non-parasitic infections fall in the category of mild hepatic enlargement. There was no associated splenomegaly in cases with Fasciola, Toxocara, hydatid disease and/or the non-parasitic group. Most of hepatomegalic cases with non-parasitic causes were found to be associated with fever (88.5%). Fever was found in nearly 50% of cases with either Toxoplasma or Toxocara infections. Mild eosinophilia was found in all cases with parasitic causes. Only 24 cases of non-parasitic group (13.7%) had easinophilia. Moderate and high eosinophilia were found in cases with fascioliasis and toxocariasis. Cases with fascioliasis had a statistically significant increase in enzymes activities specially alkaline phosphatase. It was concluded that parasitic infections should be considered as an important cause of liver enlargement in children. Serological methods using purified antigenic fractions are an important tool for diagnosis.
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PMID:Parasitic causes of hepatomegaly in children. 872 Dec 39

The effect of the colour group on the morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni was examined in two endemic areas situated in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of the 2773 eligible inhabitants, 1971 (71.1%) participated in the study: 545 (27.6%) were classified as white, 719 (36.5%) as intermediate and 707 (35.9%) as black. For each colour group, signs and symptoms of individuals who eliminated S.mansoni eggs (cases) were compared to those who did not present eggs in the faeces (controls). The odds ratios were adjusted by age, gender, previous treatment for schistosomiasis, endemic area and quality of the household. There was no evidence of a modifier effect of colour on diarrhea, bloody faeces or abdominal pain. A modifier effect of colour on hepatomegaly was evident among those heaviest infected (> or = 400 epg): the adjusted odds ratios for palpable liver at the middle clavicular and the middle sternal lines were smaller among blacks (5.4 and 6.5, respectively) and higher among whites (10.6 and 12.9) and intermediates (10.4 and 10.1, respectively). These results point out the existence of some degree of protection against hepatomegaly among blacks heaviest infected in the studied areas.
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PMID:Effect of skin colour and selected physical characteristics on Schistosoma mansoni dependent morbidity. 873 Dec 61


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