Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The liver is a frequent site of metastases and in several cases the only available target for assessing the activity of chemotherapeutic agents. A standard procedure for liver measurements by ultrasound was investigated. One hundred and twenty-three chemotherapy cycles were evaluated. This study shows that metastatic involvement of the liver can be measured by several ultrasound parameters which represent different features of the same process: the number and the surface of the nodules, the volume of the organ. Ultrasound parameters were correlated with liver function tests, CEA, hepatomegaly and measurements of other metastatic sites. The surface of metastases still appeared to be the most reliable criterion of response. Our results suggest that several liver ultrasound parameters may help to definitely assess the type of response to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Measurements of response to chemotherapy using ultrasound in metastatic liver involvement. 266 Dec 39

A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of right abdominal pain. The edge of the liver was felt 4.5 fingers breadth below the xiphoid process. AFP was 20100 ng/ml and CEA was 5.6 ng/ml. The chest X-ray indicated existence of lymphangitis and some nodular density suggesting lung metastasis in the both lower-lung fields. 99mTc-phytate liver scan showed a large defect along the antero-inferior margin of the right hepatic lobe, which revealed an abnormal uptake of 67Ga-citrate. Ultrasonograms demonstrated a solid mass, 8 X 9 cm, in the right lobe of the liver. A CT-scan of the abdomen also showed a large, rounded, low attenuation mass with central necrosis in the right hepatic lobe: the pancreas and the remaining retroperitoneal structures appeared normal. Following the administration of PSK alone, 3 g daily, for three months, a remarkable regression of both hepatomegaly and lung metastasis was observed. Liver scan, ultrasonograms and CT-scan showed a striking resolution of the intrahepatic mass except central necrosis. AFP decreased to 33.7 ng/ml and CEA was 8.2 ng/ml. After about one year, however, ultrasonogramms showed a newly growing solid mass, 3.5 X 3.5 cm, in the left lobe of the liver. A needle biopsy specimen was taken from the intrahepatic mass, and it was interpreted as hepatoma. He is now healthy.
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PMID:[Case of hepatocellular carcinoma with a marked reduction in the tumor size induced by PSK administration alone]. 619 83

The determination of objective antitumor response by therapeutic modalities is a complex process limited by the resolution of available tools. Nonetheless, within these limitations objective measurements are critical to the identification of effective therapies. The determination of complete regression of hepatic metastases should not be difficult clinically, but such an event occurs only rarely. More commonly, there is no clinically measurable response, although some degree of tumor cell kill may be achieved. The recognition of such effects is limited by the inadequacy of clinical assessment tools, and the concomitant application of multiple parameters is necessary if not essential. Of the presently employed methods to measure objective antitumor response as outlined in Table 1, only the monitoring of hepatomegaly and the quantitative criteria indicated in Fig. 7 has met the critical requirement of correlation with survival. Nonetheless, the method is a relatively gross estimate and subject to major interobserver variation. Radiologic studies have similar limitations and resolution power precludes adequate assessment of small lesions. The biochemical parameters are indirect tumor effects and may modulate as a consequence of therapy on normal tissue without tumor effects. Tumor antigens and particularly sequential monitoring of plasma CEA is theoretically the most optimal means of measuring tumor growth or regression. Practical clinical application is preliminarily encouraging, but precise quantitative guidelines must be established and meet the standards of a cost-benefit analysis. The high tumor response rate in hepatic artery infusion programs offers the opportunity to determine the usefulness of plasma CEA as a specific determinant of tumor activity, and such studies are ongoing.
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PMID:Determination of response in treatment of hepatic neoplasia. 686 53

A 23-year old woman with primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach presented with abdominal pain and massive hepatomegaly. Serum levels of CEA and serum and urine levels of beta-HCG were markedly elevated. Immunoperoxidase staining for CEA and HCG reveal both to be present in morphologically typical carcinoma cells. This suggests that serum beta-HCG may be a useful tumor marker of gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Choriocarcinoma of the stomach. 699 Jul 47

A 50-year-old man with gallbladder cancer was treated by extended cholecystectomy and regional lymph node dissection. At 13 months after surgery, CEA showed high serum levels, and an enlarged liver tumor due to recurrence was demonstrated by computed tomography. After arterial infusion chemotherapy consisting of CDDP, epirubicin and 5-FU, the tumor size and serum level of CEA were significantly decreased. After this therapy and transcatheter arterial embolization, the liver tumor markedly responded and became undetectable. It was suggested that this therapy was effective for gallbladder cancer.
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PMID:[A case of recurrent gallbladder cancer with marked response to arterial infusion chemotherapy and transarterial embolization]. 902 Sep 52

Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare disease that belongs to the aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Herein, we report a case of primary hepatic Burkitt's lymphoma. A 19-year-old man visited the hospital for right upper quadrant pain. He felt fatigue for two months. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly and no palpable lymph node. He had no fever, weight loss, or night sweating. Laboratory finding showed mild anemia (hemoglobin, 12.4 g/dL), mild elevated transaminase (ALT, 52 IU/L), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 437 IU/L), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 129 IU/L). The viral marker was positive for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc (IgG), and negative for anti-HBe, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV. CEA, AFP, and CA19-9 levels were within normal ranges. The HBV DNA quantitation was 1.3 x 10(9) copies/ml. Abdominal-Pelvis CT scan and abdominal MRI finding were compatible with malignant lymphoma. Liver biopsy examination confirmed Burkitt's lymphoma. No metastasis was detected in the thoracic cavity, bone marrow, and spinal fluid. The patient was treated with the combination regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and high dose methotrexate. Cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate were added for CNS prophylaxis by intrathecal installation. Chemotherapy was administered every 3 weeks for fifteen cycles. Serial follow-up CT scan showed a marked decrease in the size of hepatic lesions. Follow-up CT scan and PET-CT scan were performed 4 weeks after the final cycle disclosed no definite residual or active lesion confirming the state of complete remission.
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PMID:A case of primary hepatic Burkitt's lymphoma. 1851 6

In a series of 327 patients with primary GI malignancies, the occurrence of hepatic metastases was correctly detected in 70% of 113 cases by focal defects in the radiocolloid scintiscan. Only 1% of false positives were observed among the 214 patients without hepatic metastases. For these patients, the predictive value of the liver scan was 97%, and the overall accuracy, 89%. A composite test formed by disjoining focal radionuclide defects with the combination of elevated CEA and hepatomegaly, or elevated CEA and high alkaline phosphatase activity, exhibited a predictive value of 92% and an overall accuracy of 92%. Formation of such a composite test may be useful for preserving high accuracy when very strict scintigraphic criteria for metastases are employed.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen as an adjunct to liver scan in the detection of liver metastases from digestive-tract cancer. 2418 53

29-year-old Hispanic woman presented to the clinic with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue, and constipation. Laboratory tests indicated the presence of iron deficiency anemia and transaminitis. Imaging evaluation revealed marked hepatomegaly with multiple hepatic metastases and pelvic lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the hepatic lesions showed adenocarcinoma positive for pan-cytokeratin, CMA5.2, villin, and CDX2. She was positive for tumor markers CA 19-9, CA-125, and CEA. Upon further evaluation, she was found to have colorectal cancer positive for KRAS and BRAF mutations. Unfortunately, her disease progressed rapidly and she expired within 3 months from the time of her first diagnosis. KRAS and BRAF mutations are rare enough to be considered virtually mutually exclusive but coexistent mutations appear to be a distinct molecular and clinical subset with aggressive course of illness, which is in dire need of new treatment strategies. Panitumumab and Cetuximab are approved for patients with wild type KRAS CRC. Vemurafenib is a potent inhibitor of the kinase domain in mutant BRAF and its use in BRAF mutated colon cancer remains to be well established. Our report highlights the need to obtain tissue samples from these patients for analysis and to evaluate the benefit of Vemurafenib in colorectal cancers.
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PMID:Are All Mutations the Same? A Rare Case Report of Coexisting Mutually Exclusive KRAS and BRAF Mutations in a Patient with Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma. 2881 46