Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were carried out from June 1974 to May 1975 on the socio-economic status, health and nutritional status of the people in 4 villages, in the irrigation area of the Nong Wai Pioneer Agricultural Project of Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The result obtained were compared with those in 2 non-irrigated villages in the same province, in order to identify the health and nutritional problems which might arise during the water resource development in the irrigation area. It was found that in the irrigated villages 90% of the peoples were farmers, while in the non-irrigated villages all were farmers. The socio-economic status of the people in the irrigated villages was much better than those in the non-irrigated ones. The income per family in the former was about three times greater than that in the latter. In the study of the health conditions of the villagers, the vulnerable age group including pre-school children under 7 years of age and school children in the elementary school class 1 and class 2, aged 7-9 years old, served as subjects for investigation. Haematological and physical examinations revealed many children with mild to moderate anaemia, vitamin B2 deficiency and a few cases of hepatomegaly. Anaemic children were found to be more prevalent in the non-irrigated villages than in the irrigated area. The overall parasitic infection rates in children in the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were similar with respect to severity of the infection. Hookworm infection, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis and giardiasis were the leading parasitic infections, while amoebiasis was rare. Ascariasis and trichuriasis were not found. However, the first two helminthic infections had a low grade of intensity. The nutritional status of pre-school children, showed that there were more children with good growth in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated one. Serum proteins, albumin and globulin, and urinary urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio revealed normal findings indicating that the children had sufficient protein intake. The results of the urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine index suggested that many of the children in both groups of the villages were at marginal malnutrition status. Surveys on domestic animals including cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and field rats revealed no important zoonotic diseases except leptospirosis in a few rats. Some fish were found to harbour metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini, while some snails were positive for cercariae of O. viverrini, Schistosoma spindale, and Echinostoma malayanum. The overall findings indicated that the water resource development by establishing better irrigation, resulted in an improved socio-economic and nutritional status among the villagers, but health conditions and associated parasitic diseases and some nutritional deficiency still existed in the children. However, the findings from this study provide only preliminary data concerning the socio-economic status, health, and nutritional status of the villagers in the irrigation area...
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PMID:Socio-economic, health and nutritional status of the villagers in the Nong Wai irrigation area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. 103 Aug 56

A study was made of the clinical picture, certain laboratory and immunological findings in pseudotuberculosis patients with involved joints in the presence of opisthorchiasis invasion. The patients suffering from pseudotuberculosis and chronic opisthorchiasis frequently demonstrated icteric sclera, erythema nodosum, skin itch, tenderness in the right hypochondrium, hepatomegaly, liquid stool, leukopenia, eosinophilia, hyperbilirubinemia, activation of aminotransferases. Later they showed the diagnostic titers of the indirect hemagglutination test, an increase in disease duration, delayed disappearance of the main clinical symptoms. As compared to patients suffering from arthritides without invasion, the patients with associated pseudotuberculous arthritides and opisthorchiasis demonstrated a higher activity of the inflammatory process in the joints, an increase of the duration and number of polyarthritis relapses, alterations in the immunological indicators (a stable reduction of the T lymphocyte and T helper count as well as a rise of the IgM level during late convalescence).
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PMID:[The characteristics of pseudotuberculosis with joint involvement in the presence of chronic opisthorchiasis]. 181 61

A study of the relation of fecal egg excretion to worm burden and clinical features was carried out in 45 opisthorchiasis patients who had no signs of biliary obstruction. The fecal egg excretion was consistent and correlated with the worm burden. Although there was no definite association between clinical signs and intensity of infection, mild hepatomegaly and thickened wall or dilatation of the gallbladder were found more commonly in heavily infected patients. Eosinophilia was observed more often than previous reports. Concomitant parasitic infections were found in 82% of the patients. After praziquantel treatment, egg counts increased greatly during the first few days then decreased to very low levels in 7 days.
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PMID:Fecal egg output in relation to worm burden and clinical features in human opisthorchiasis. 223 95

A study was conducted to determine the value of peritoneoscopy in the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Peritoneoscopic findings in 203 proven cases of Opisthorchis viverrini infection are presented. The authors found that cholangiocarcinoma is frequently encountered in patients presenting with prolonged jaundice and hepatomegaly as well as with the peritoneoscopic findings of dilated superficial intrahepatic bile ducts, a bile-stained liver surface and a markedly enlarged gallbladder.
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PMID:Peritoneoscopic findings in 203 patients with Opisthorchis viverrini infection. 295 Dec 93

Clinical features of severe opisthorchiasis were studied in 88 patients. The ratio of males to females was 6.3 : 1; 75% were over 40 years old. The presenting symptoms were obstructive jaundice, 25% associated with secondary infection of biliary system; cholangitis and cholecystitis; intraabdominal mass, which was enlarged liver; 18% had palpable gallbladder; 18% had adenocarcinoma of the bile duct. High bilirubin was found in 46% of cases, high alkaline phosphatase in 80%; elevation of serum transaminase in 78% and low serum albumin in 62% of patients. There was no correlation between severity of the disease and the faecal egg output. The obstructive jaundice patients had low or no egg output. Two patients had no eggs in stool, but numerous Opisthorchis viverrini eggs and flukes were found in the gallbladder and bile ducts at operation.
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PMID:Clinical features in severe opisthorchiasis viverrini. 409 5

A study of the prevalence and intensity of opisthorchiasis viverrini in relation to morbidity as determined by standard medical examination was carried out in Nong Ranya, a small village containing 309 people in northeastern Thailand. Opisthorchis viverrini infection as determined by Stoll's quantitative egg count method had an overall prevalence of 94% and reached 100% prevalence in most age groups above the age of 10 years. With respect to intensity, 6% were uninfected, 26% had light (less than or equal to 1 eggs per mg [epmg] of feces), 37% moderate (greater than 1-10 epmg), 25% heavy (greater than 10-50 epmg), and 5% very heavy (greater than 50 epmg) infections. Peak intensity in both males and females occurred at age 40 and above. A history of eating "koipla" (a sauce consisting of ground up raw fish), of feeling weak, and of having right upper quadrant abdominal pains occurred most frequently in the infected groups and was correlated with intensity of infection. Regardless of intensity of infection, only a small proportion of the population were unable to carry out their routine activities. Anorexia, nausea or vomiting bore little relationship to the presence or intensity of infection. Hepatomegaly at the mid-clavicular line occurred in 14% of the population, mainly in the more heavily infected groups. Neither jaundice nor splenomegaly was observed in the population.
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PMID:Morbidity in relation to intensity of infection in Opisthorchiasis viverrini: study of a community in Khon Kaen, Thailand. 698 3

The pharmacokinetics of praziquantel was investigated in 9 Thai male patients with asymptomatic opisthorchiasis (stool positive) and 9 patients (6 males, 3 females) with moderately advanced infection (hepatomegaly). The geometric means of the pretreatment Opisthorchis viverrini egg count in these patients were 2,950 vs 4,468 eggs per gram of stool. The results indicate the impairment of metabolism of praziquantel in the moderately advanced stage opisthorchiasis. The pharmacokinetics of the drug in these patients during the acute infection was markedly altered when compared with that after recovery and in patients with early stage of the infection. The clearance rate (Cl/f) was significantly reduced [medians and ranges of 106 (43-242) vs 192 (112-692) and 171 (133-427) ml/min/kg] and the t1/2z and MRT were prolonged [t1/2z: 3.8 (2.0-6.2) vs 2.7 (1.7-4.3) and 2.3 (1.7-2.8) hours; MRT: 6.2 (3.2-11.0) vs 4.6 (2.7-6.2) and 4.5 (2.9-5.1) hours]. In addition, AUCo-alpha was significantly greater [6.0 (2.5-15.6) vs 3.5 (0.6-6.0) and 3.9 (1.6-5.0) micrograms hour/ml].
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of praziquantel in patients with opisthorchiasis. 793 47

Opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Pathological consequences of O. viverrini infection occur mainly in the liver, extrahepatic bile ducts, gall bladder and kidney. These pathologies have been described in both humans and experimental animals. Moreover, both experimental and epidemiological evidence strongly implicate the liver fluke infection in the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma--the bile duct cancer. This review summarizes the pathology of opisthorchiasis from literature mainly published between 1970 and the present time and, particularly, emphasizes on current concept in pathogenesis of the disease. The theme is to highlight the new era of pathogenetic study of opisthorchiasis especially on host-parasite interaction and host immune/inflammatory responses leading to tissue damage.
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PMID:Pathobiology of opisthorchiasis: an update. 1461 75

Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The infection is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Multi-factorial etiology of cholangiocarcinoma, mechanical damage, parasite secretions, and immunopathology may enhance cholangiocarcinogenesis. Moreover, both experimental and epidemiological evidences strongly implicate liver fluke infection as the major risk factor in cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile ducts. The liver fluke infection is induced by eating raw or uncooked fish products that is the tradition and popular in the northeastern and northern region, particularly in rural areas, of Thailand. The health education programs to prevent and control opisthorchiasis are still required in the high-risk areas.
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PMID:Opisthorchis viverrini: the carcinogenic human liver fluke. 1820 54

Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The infection is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis, chole-lithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. The liver fluke infection was induced by eating raw or uncooked fish products that is the tradition and popular in the northeastern and northern region, particularly in rural areas of Thailand. Health education programs to prevent and control opisthorchiasis are still required in high-risk areas.
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PMID:Opisthorchiasis in Thailand: review and current status. 1841 53


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