Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chemopreventive agents benzyl selenocyanate (BSC) and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) were fed in NIH-07 diet to male and female F344 rats (4, 2, and 0.5 mg/kg/day for BSC and 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg/day for p-XSC) for 13 weeks. Weight gains were depressed for male and female rats fed 4 and 2 mg/kg/day BSC, females fed 0.5 mg/kg/day BSC, and male rats fed 20 and 10 mg/kg/day p-XSC. At necropsy, no clear treatment-related lesions were noted, but dose-dependent hepatomegaly was observed in both sexes of BSC and p-XSC groups. Plasma transaminases AST and ALT were elevated in the higher dose groups, while hemoglobin, HCT, and RBC were reduced in most BSC and some p-XSC treatment groups. Plasma glucose was reduced in BSC-treated males. Significant histologic findings included moderate to severe hepatic centrilobular hypertrophy with fatty change in all males and females in the 4 mg/kg/day BSC groups and in 9/15 males and 3/15 females in the 2 mg/kg/day BSC groups. Dose-dependent, mild centrilobular hypertrophy with minimal fatty change was observed in the mid- and low-dose BSC groups and in all p-XSC groups. Mild to moderate renal tubular and interstitial nephritis occurred in the 4 mg/kg/day male BSC group. Dietary maximum tolerated dose levels for chemoprevention studies are 0.5 mg/kg/day (3.0 ppm Se) for BSC and 5 mg/kg/day (32.5 ppm Se) for p-XSC, compared to literature values of 2-3 ppm Se for Na2SeO3.
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PMID:Subchronic toxicity of benzyl selenocyanate and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate in F344 rats. 142 15

Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) is used as a forage source in some cattle-producing areas in Argentina. The plant had no previous reports of toxicity in this country. A herd of 33 Aberdeen Angus bulls grazed during 20 days in October on a pasture composed mainly of hairy vetch. Eight animals developed conjunctivitis, rinitis, dermatitis, loss of hair and fever. All of them died within 15 d after the development of signs with a marked loss of body condition. No more animals became sick 5 d after the removal of the herd from the pasture. Serum parameters tested (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, GOT, alfa-GT and bilirubin) enlarged liver and spleen, generalized hemorrhage in the abomasum, dilated kidneys and multiple pale areas on the heart. Severe necrotizing granulomatous myocarditis, interstitial nephritis, and necrotizing cholangitis were the most striking microscopic changes. Close observation of animals feeding on pastures in which V villosa is dominant is the only prevention.
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PMID:An outbreak of Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) poisoning in grazing Aberdeen Angus bulls in Argentina. 185 12

Pathological findings from 389 SimmentalxRed Holstein cattle and from 11 Holstein/Friesian cattle with cardiomyopathy (CMP) are described. The average age of affected animals was 34 months; the majority of cases was observed between October and March. The hallmark of the disease was cardiomegaly with ventricular and atrial dilation and hypertrophy, as well as myocardial fibrosis, in part accompanied by myofibrillar degeneration. Striking vascular changes within lung vessels were hypertrophy of arteriolar and venular walls together with luminal stenosis of veins. Marked hepatomegaly was induced by chronic liver congestion with hepatocyte degeneration and fibrosis. Many cases showed chronic, interstitial nephritis. CMP affected crossbred cattle only, which suggests a genetic factor influencing the pathogenesis of this disease by possibly interfering with biochemical and metabolic pathways leading to endothelial damage and extracellular matrix alterations.
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PMID:[Pathology of bovine cardiomyopathy]. 234 88

Over a 15-year period we observed seven children (four girls, three boys) who presented within the first months of life with severe renal failure and acidosis, associated with hypertension in five patients and polyuria in four. In addition, one patient had a severe cholestatic liver disease. In two families, a similarly affected sibling had died previously. Four patients were referred with the clinical diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease because of moderate enlargement of kidneys, but renal imaging (intravenous pyelography and ultrasonography) did not confirm this diagnosis. A renal biopsy, performed in all patients, showed similar features characterized by a diffuse chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TIN) and particularly by the presence of microcystic dilatation of proximal tubules and Bowman's space. Liver pathology was normal in two patients, including one with hepatomegaly. However, in the patient with cholestasis there was inflammatory portal fibrosis with mild duct proliferation. Progression of the renal disease was extremely rapid and all patients reached end-stage renal failure (ESRF) before the age of 2 years (11-22 months). Two children had successful renal transplants. Although this chronic TIN shares some features with nephronophthisis, we suggest that it represents a distinct entity both on clinical and morphological grounds. The specific clinical features of this disease are its early onset and rapid progression to ESRF. Pathologically, it differs from nephronophthisis by the absence of medullary cysts and thickened tubular basement membranes and by the presence of cortical microcysts.
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PMID:Infantile chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis with cortical microcysts: variant of nephronophthisis or new disease entity? 270 88

Culture-proven cases of enteric fever (182) were studied during the period May 1991 to April 1992; 39 per cent of the children were below 3 years. There was male preponderance. Infants presented within first few days of onset of fever with severe systemic manifestation, such as repeated convulsion, puffiness of face and oedema, massive hepatomegaly, and bleeds due to thrombocytopenia. Only 49-52 per cent of the cultures were sensitive to ampicillin, chloroamphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. The infants were treated with cephalosporin such as cefotaxime or quinolones as ciprofloxacin, since 100 per cent of the cultures were sensitive to this drug. Three infants had meningitis, two interstitial nephritis, and six had marrow hypoplasia. Two children who had been treated prior to admission with ampicillin or chloroamphenicol died within 48 h of admission, one of a liver abcess and peritonitis, and the other due to meningitis. Markedly prolonged hypothermia was seen during recovery in few cases. Forty-six per cent of infants had complications as against 2 per cent in older children. Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi infection seems to have a rapidly progressive severe course with multiple organ involvement such as meningitis, liver abcess, nephritis, and marrow hypoplasia. Initiation of appropriate antibiotics depending on local sensitivity pattern is needed early in the disease to avoid mortality and morbidity.
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PMID:Patterns of resistant Salmonella typhi infection in infants. 772 33

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) has recently emerged as an important disease of pigs in North America, Europe and Asia. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) have been isolated from affected pigs. To investigate the pathogenicity of these isolates, groups of colostrum-deprived conventional pigs were inoculated with PCV2 alone (n=4), PPV alone (n=3) or dually with PCV2 and PPV (n=7) and examined post mortem between 21 and 26 days post-infection (dpi). Two control pigs were inoculated with an uninfected cell culture lysate. All pigs that received both viruses became dull at approximately 10-12 dpi and six of these animals subsequently developed jaundice. Hepatomegaly and enlarged kidneys were prominent post-mortem findings in these animals. Histopathological examination revealed severe macrophage infiltration, syncytia formation and numerous cytoplasmic and nuclear amphophilic inclusion bodies in lymphoid tissues. Granulomatous lesions were apparent in liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, myocardium, intestines, testis, brain and salivary, thyroid and adrenal glands. Abundant PCV2 antigen was detected in affected tissues. Only one of the four pigs inoculated with PCV2 alone developed clinical signs, but they all had histopathological lesions which, although less severe, were similar to those in the dually infected animals. The control pigs and those infected with PPV alone remained clinically normal and did not have gross lesions. The only histopathological lesion seen in these animals was mild interstitial nephritis in the pigs infected with PPV alone. These results indicate that lesions of PMWS can be induced by inoculating pigs with PCV2 alone, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. Concurrent infection with PPV increased the severity of the lesions, suggesting that co-factors are important in the pathogenesis of PMWS.
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PMID:Reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by infection of conventional pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 alone or in combination with porcine parvovirus. 1062 87

Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a vinaceous Amazon parrot based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The bird was prostrate on the bottom of the cage and died. Necropsy revealed edema and congestion of the lungs, cloudy air sacs, and mild hepatomegaly. Histopathology revealed severe pulmonary congestion and edema and interstitial mononuclear cell inflammation associated with many cysts containing bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii scattered throughout. The heart had mild multifocal lymphocytic myocarditis and free tachyzoites in the muscle fibers, and the kidneys had mild interstitial nephritis and a few cysts containing bradyzoites of T. gondii. Immunohistochemistry was negative for Sarcocystis falcatula and Neospora caninum and confirmed the protozoa as T. gondii. This is the first description of T. gondii in an endangered species ofa Brazilian psittacine.
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PMID:Fatal toxoplasmosis in a vinaceous Amazon parrot (Amazona vinacea). 2339 56

Malaria is an infectious disease of great importance for Public Health, as it is the most prevalent endemic disease in the world, affecting millions of people living in tropical areas of the globe. Kidney involvement is relatively frequent in infections by P. falciparum and P. malariae, but has also been described in the infection by P. vivax. Kidney complications in malaria mainly occur due to hemodynamic dysfunction and immune response. Liver complications leading to hepatomegaly, jaundice and hepatic dysfunction can also contribute to the occurrence of acute kidney injury. Histologic studies in malaria also evidence glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis and acute interstitial nephritis. It is also possible to find chronic kidney disease associated with malaria, mainly in those patients suffering from repeated episodes of infection. Plasmodium antigens have already been detected in the glomeruli, suggesting a direct effect of the parasite in the kidney, which can trigger an inflammatory process leading to different types of glomerulonephritis. Clinical manifestations of kidney involvement in malaria include proteinuria, microalbuminuria and urinary casts, reported in 20 to 50% of cases. Nephrotic syndrome has also been described in the infection by P. falciparum, but it is rare. This paper highlights the main aspects of kidney involvement in malaria and important findings of the most recent research addressing this issue.
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PMID:Kidney involvement in malaria: an update. 2879 22