Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver weight of mice was significantly influenced, in order of decreasing prominence, by environmental temperature, infection with Hymenolepis microstoma and sex. Livers of infected and uninfected mice (both sexes) maintained at 5 C for 20 days were proportionally larger (alpha less than or equal to 0.05) than those from corresponding groups of mice kept at 35 C and, except for uninfected males, at 21 C. regardless of temperature, H. microstoma (single-worm infections) produced significant (alpha less than or equal to 0.05) hepatomegaly in all groups of female mice, but, in males, this occurred only in mice maintained at 5 C. At 21 C male mice had proportionally larger livers (alpha less than or equal to 0.05) than corresponding groups of females, but this sexual difference disappeared when mice were maintained at 5 or 35 C. Temperature and sex had a slight but significant effect on bile duct weight. Infection, on the other hand, produced a marked increase in the weight of this organ in both sexes at 5, 21 and 35 C.
 ...
PMID:Effects of environmental temperature, sex, and infection with Hymenolepis microstoma on the liver and bile duct weights of mice. 398 35

We had shown previously that the prevalence of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I)-antibody positivity is high in Jamaican non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients and that virus-positive patients have the clinical features and poor prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Sixty-two % of 45 NHL patients diagnosed consecutively between 2/1/82 and 1/31/84 and studied prospectively were HTLV-I-antibody positive. Skin involvement (38%), hypercalcemia (44%), and leukemia (40%) were unusually prevalent and there was a strong association (p less than 0.05) with HTLV-I-antibody positivity. Fifty-two % of the patients had bone marrow infiltration, and 74% of these patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive (p = 0.06). Lymphadenopathy (96%), hepatomegaly (60%), and splenomegaly (25%) were detected with about the same frequency as in other series of NHL patients with advanced disease, and 61-88% of these patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive. Patients were classified into those with "typical ATL" (NHL associated with 2 of the 4 features i) hypercalcemia; ii) histologically proven skin infiltration; iii) leukemia; and iv) bone marrow infiltration, providing that the morphology of infiltrating or leukemic cells was characteristic of ATL; those "consistent with ATL" (NHL associated with 1 of these 4 features); and "non-ATL" (NHL without any of these 4 additional features). Thirty-two (71%) of the NHL patients were ATL patients, i.e., had features typical of or consistent with ATL, and 78% of these were HTLV-I-antibody positive. HTLV-I provirus was detected in tumour cells of all HTLV-I-antibody positive patients tested. Three (23%) of the non-ATL patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive. There was no correlation between histopathological features and the clinical classification or HTLV-I-antibody positivity. Median survival of ATL and non-ATL patients was 16 and 53 weeks. Although the disease was usually fulminant, 34% of the ATL patients had a subacute or chronic course. Skin involvement and leukemia were prominent in these patients. Hypercalcemia was the chief prognostic determinant. Median survival of hypercalcemic and normocalcemic ATL patients was 13 and 86 weeks (p less than 0.05). Hypercalcemia caused 10 deaths, infections 12, and death was due to tumour progression in 4 patients. Infections were usually due to pyogenic organisms and only 2 patients had systemic opportunistic infections. Six (27%) of 22 chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) patients were HTLV-I-antibody positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Jamaica and its relationship to human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I-associated lymphoproliferative disease. 610 Jun 52

The clinical and pathological features of 22 patients, 11 males and 11 females 17-70 years of age (48.0 +/- 16.0 years), with hepatic tuberculosis were reviewed. Five patients had no evidence of extrahepatic tuberculosis (local form), and 17 had the miliary form. The clinical features of the miliary and local forms were similar with pyrexia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly and body weight loss as the main manifestations. The biochemical findings were also quite similar in reversed albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio (2.9/3.5 vs. 3.2/3.4 g/dl) and disproportionate elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in comparison with bilirubin values but lower levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (40.4 +/- 51.0 vs. 170.8 +/- 209.4 U/l; p < 0.05) and ALP (208.5 +/- 138.9 vs. 389.5 +/- 271.1 U/l; p < 0.05) in the miliary form. Patients with the local form had higher albumin (3.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.7 g/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (160.4 +/- 221.7 vs. 65.9 +/- 69.7 U/l), and gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GT) (217.0 +/- 144.0 vs. 136.0 +/- 92.1 U/l), although the differences were not significant. The histopathological features of the miliary form were also similar to the local form with granuloma, caseation, acid-fast bacilli, fatty change and portal fibrosis as the main findings. The local form revealed more severe signs of hepatocytic damage while the miliary form was more wasting. The results suggest that the miliary and local forms of hepatic tuberculosis had quite similar clinical presentations and pathological features. The biochemical tests suggesting hepatic tuberculosis were reversed A/G ratio and disproportionate elevation of ALP.
Infection
PMID:Hepatic tuberculosis: comparison of miliary and local form. 774 92

Data were collected from 104 infected children who were followed up from birth for a mean of 49 (range, 6-153) months in 22 European centers, to outline the natural history of perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Fifty-four children were persistently HCV RNA positive, 44 were occasionally positive, and 6 never had detectable viremia. At least 90% of the children had evidence of ongoing infection at the latest analysis. Eighteen children became HCV RNA negative at their last assessments, but 40% of these had high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Infection was asymptomatic in all but 2 children, who developed hepatomegaly. Mean ALT concentrations decreased substantially after the first 2 years of life; 14 children had persistently normal ALT values. Signs of minimal to moderate inflammation were noted in all 20 patients who underwent liver biopsy. Perinatal HCV infection is usually asymptomatic in the first years of life, but the virus persists in most children, even in the absence of elevated ALT activity.
 ...
PMID:Persistence rate and progression of vertically acquired hepatitis C infection. European Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Infection. 1066 21

Risk factors, prevalence, and intensity of infection with Schistosoma sp. and prevalence and magnitude of morbidity caused by schistosomiasis was assessed in a stratified random sample of 16,433 subjects from 2,409 households in 33 rural communities in Minya Governorate, Egypt. The prevalence of S. haematobium ranged from 1.9% to 32.7% among the communities and averaged 8.9%. The average intensity of infection was a geometric mean egg count (GMEC) of 8.5 per 10 ml of urine and ranged from 1.6 to 30.9. Prevalence was maximum (18-20%) in those 10-20 years of age and higher in males than in females. Intensity of infection followed the same pattern. Infection with S. mansoni was present almost exclusively in a single village, confirming spread of this species up the Nile River and its focality in Minya. Risk factors for S. haematobium infection were an age from 11 to 20; male gender; males bathing in, women washing clothing or utensils in, and children swimming or playing in canals; and a history of, or treatment for, schistosomiasis. Recent history of burning micturition was associated with infection in children but not in adults, while a history of blood in urine correlated with S. haematobium infection in both age groups. Reagent strip-detected hematuria and proteinuria were highly associated, particularly in children, with S. haematobium infection. The presence of hepatomegaly or splenomegaly on physical examination was not associated with S. haematobium ova in the urine. Hepatomegaly, as measured by ultrasonography in the midclavicular line or the midsternal line, or ultrasonography-detected splenomegaly were not present more frequently in infected subjects than in uninfected subjects. Schistosoma ova were not detected more frequently in urine of subjects with ultrasonography-detected periportal fibrosis than in the urine from subjects without this finding. Ultrasonography-detected urinary bladder wall lesions were detected in only 6 (0.3%) subjects and obstructive uropathy was observed in 54 (2.7%) subjects. The absence of an association between prevalence of urinary tract morbidity and S. haematobium infections was surprising. Two possible explanations are 1) that repeated chemotherapy has reduced the prevalence of urinary tract morbidity and 2) that morbidity was not being detected by the ultrasonographic operators.
 ...
PMID:The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Minya Governorate. 1081 2

In the Assiut, Egypt Epidemiology 1, 2, 3 investigation, a sample of 14,204 persons in 10 villages, 31 ezbas (satellite communities), and 2,286 households was drawn from a rural population of 1,598,607. Parasitologic examination of urine and stool were made for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, and physical and ultrasound examinations were made on a 20% subsample. The overall estimated prevalence of S. haematobium was 5.2 +/- 0.5 (+/- SE). This varied considerably by village and ezba, ranging from 1.5% to 20.9%, with ezbas having a slightly higher overall prevalence than villages. The overall estimated geometric mean egg count was 6.6 +/- 0.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine and was consistently low throughout the communities. Infection with S. haematobium was associated with age (peak prevalence of 10.6 +/- 1.5% in 15-19-year-old age group) males, children playing in the canals, a history of blood in the urine, and reagent strip positivity for hematuria and proteinuria. The prevalence of either hepatomegaly or splenomegaly detected by physical examination was low (4.0% and 1.5%, respectively). The prevalence of hepatomegaly determined by ultrasonography was substantially higher, 24.1%. The prevalence of periportal fibrosis (PPF) was 12.0%, but grade II or III PPF was present in less than 1%. Ultrasonography-determined hepatomegaly, in both the midclavicular line and the midsternal line, increased by age to more than 30%. Periportal fibrosis was more common in the age groups in which infection rates were the highest. At the village and ezba level of analysis, the prevalence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and PPF tended to be higher in communities having the highest prevalence of infection with S. haematobium.
 ...
PMID:The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Assiut governorate. 1081 3

The pattern of acute illness was determined in 102 adolescents and adults with sickle cell anaemia who presented to the emergency unit of a Lagos hospital. The patients had a mean age of 20.5 years (SD 13.1) and a male-female ratio of 1.5. The symptoms included fever (72%), fatigue and weakness (59%), anorexia (59%) and pain (57.5%) while major clinical signs were pallor (100%), jaundice (71%) and hepatomegaly (68%). Sixty-eight per cent of patients had sickle cell crises, including one with hemiplegic stroke, 10% with combined anaemia and pain crises, 33% with anaemia crises only and 23.5% with pain crises only. Sixty-three per cent had infection which was malaria in 24.5%, bacterial in 17% and viral in 6%. Of 16 patients with pyrexia of unknown origin, seven responded to treatment with chloroquine and eight to antibiotics. Infection was detected in 50% of the patients with sickle cell crises. The association between anaemia crises and malaria was significant (P < 0.05). Of the eight deaths, seven (88%) had anaemia crises. In contrast to studies conducted two decades ago in the same hospital, the prevalence of anaemia crises now exceeds that of pain crises and malaria now exceeds that of bacterial infection. Severe symptomatic anaemia (anaemia crisis) was more frequently associated with infection (mostly malaria) than was bone pain crisis. The Girdle pain crisis more frequently resulted in a fatal outcome than the uncomplicated bone pain crisis.
 ...
PMID:Acute sickle cell syndromes in Nigerian adults. 1093 Nov 63

We report a case of scrub typhus pneumonitis in a laboratory worker who apparently acquired it through the respiratory tract. The patient was suffering from fever, cough and dyspnea. He had both cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. A chest X-ray showed interstitial infiltrates. A diagnosis of scrub typhus was established upon isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi. 12 days before the patient showed symptoms, he had purified O. tsutsugamushi proteins from infected cells using an ultrasonication method which could generate aerosols containing O. tsutsugamushi.
Infection
PMID:Scrub typhus pneumonitis acquired through the respiratory tract in a laboratory worker. 1126 62

We report an analysis of clinical course of 18 patients presenting with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Community acquired infection was caused by Methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in 11 patients. MSSA in 3 and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA) in 4 patients, were the etiologic factor in 7 patients with nosocomial infection. From anamnestic data patients presented with: elevated body temperature--18/18, arthralgia and myalgia--9/18, headache--8/18, nausea--6/18, chills--2/18. Physical examination on admission revealed: meningismus--12/18, hepatomegaly--11/18, purulent and haemorrhagic skin lesions--7/18 and impaired neurological status (Glasgow Coma Scale < or = 12)--6/18. The mean APACHE III score, calculated from data collected at diagnosis of sepsis was 47 (7-114). Several complications had been observed: endocarditis--10, purulent meningitis--5, focal CNS lesions--5, pneumonia--8, pulmonary abscess--3, hydrothorax--1, abscesses of the spleen--5, renum--4, osteomyelitis--2. 11/18 patients required ICU treatment. Ventilator assistance of respiration was necessary in 7/18. Acute thrombocytopenia (< 100,000/ml) was diagnosed in 60%. In 5 patients suppurative meningitis had been diagnosed with a mean pleocytosis-837 (173-1898) microL. The results of treatment were satisfactory in 11 patients, 3 patients required further surgical treatment (2--cardiosurgery, 1--orthopedic surgery), 4 patients died. Infection caused by community acquired MSSA strains had been characterized by severe clinical course with increased incidence of endocarditis, organ failure and abscess forming. We conclude that Staphylococcus aureus sepsis is still a life-threatening disease, which should be treated at centers with immediate access to imaging techniques of CNS and circulatory system as well as intensive care and cardiosurgery. Community acquired S. aureus sepsis compared with nosocomial infection is characterized by more severe clinical course and higher mortality, despite of a great susceptibility to most antibiotics of causative S. aureus strains.
 ...
PMID:[Staphylococcus aureus sepsis--still life threatening disease]. 1177 Mar 18

Pleuropulmonary amebiasis is the common and pericardial amebiasis the rare form of thoracic amebiasis. Low socioeconomic conditions, malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, and ASD with left to right shunt are contributing factors to the development of pulmonary amebiasis. Although no age is exempt, it commonly occurs in patients aged 20 to 40 years, with an adult male to female ratio of 10:1. Children rarely develop thoracic amebiasis: when it does occur there is an equal sex distribution. The infection usually spreads to the lungs by extension of an amebic liver abscess. Infection may pass to the thorax directly from the primary intestinal lesion through hematogenous spread, however. Lymphatic spread is one possible route. Inhalation of dust containing cysts and aspiration of cysts or trophozoites of E histolytica in the lungs are some other hypothetical routes. The lung is the second most common extraintestinal site of amebic involvement after the liver. Usually the lower lobe, and sometimes the middle lobe of the right lung, are affected, but it may affect any lobe of the lungs. The patient develops fever and right upper quadrant pain that is referred to the tip of the right shoulder or in between the scapula. Hemophtysis is common. The diagnosis of thoracic amebiasis is suggested by the combination of an elevated hemidiaphragm (usually right), hepatomegaly, pleural effusion, and involvement of the right lung base in the form of haziness and obliteration of costophrenic and costodiaphragmatic angles. Infection is usually extended to the thorax by perforation of a hepatic abscess through the diaphragm and across an obliterated pleural space, producing pulmonary consolidation, abscesses, or broncho-hepatic fistula. Empyema develops when a liver abscess ruptures into the pleural space. Rarely, a posterior amebic liver abscess can burst into the inferior vena cava and develop an embolism of the inferior vena cava and thromboembolic disease of the lungs with congestive cardiac failure or corpulmonale. Diagnosis by finding E histolytica in stool specimens is of limited value. In a limited number of cases amebae might be found in aspirated pus or expectorated sputum. "Anchovy sauce-like" pus or sputum may be found. Presence of bile in sputum indicates that the pus is of liver origin. Serological tests are of immense value in diagnosis. Liver enzymes are usually normal and neutrophilic leucocytosis may or may not be found. ESR is invariably elevated. Anti-amebic antibodies can be detected by ELISA, IFAT, and IHA. Amebic antigen can be detected from serum and pus by ELISA. Detection of Entamoeba DNA in pus or sputum may be a sensitive and specific method. Pleuropulmonary amebiasis is easily confused with other illnesses and is treated as pulmonary TB, bacterial lung abscesses, and carcinoma of the lung. A single drug regimen with metronidazole with supportive therapy usually cures patients without residual anomalies. Aspiration of pus from empyema thoracis may be needed for confirmation and therapeutic purposes. The pericardium is usually involved by direct extension from the amebic abscess of the left lobe of the liver, sometimes from the right lobe of the liver, and rarely from the lungs or pleura. An initial accumulation of serous fluid due to reactive pericarditis followed by intrapericardial rupture may develop either (1) acute onset of severe symptoms with chest pain, dyspnea, and cardiac tamponade, shock, and death, or (2) progressive effusion with thoracic cage pain, progressive dyspnea, and fever. Chest radiograph, ultrasound examination, and CT scan usually confirm the presence of a liver abscess in continuity with the pericardium and fluid within the pericardial sac with or without the fistulous tract. Echocardiography may demonstrate fluid in the pericardial cavity. Patients should be cared for in the ICU and ambecides should be started without delay. Pericardiocentesis usually confirms the diagnosis and improves the general condition of the patient. Aspiration of the accumulated fluid should be performed urgently in cardiac tamponade; repeated aspiration may be needed. Surgical drainage should be done if needed. Acanthamoeba, a free-living ameba, may also infect the lungs in the form of pulmonary nodular infiltration and pulmonary edema in association with amebic meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. It usually spreads to the meninges of the brain by way of the blood from its primary lesion in the lung or skin. Early diagnosis and institution of treatment may be life saving for these patients. A literature review shows that HIV/AIDS patients are not prone to infection with E histolytica. It is now clear that there are an increasing number of HIV-seropositive patients among amebic liver abscess patients, however, which suggests that although the incidence of intestinal infection is not high among HIV-seropositive or AIDS patients they are more susceptible to an invasive form of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Thoracic amebiasis. 1209 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>