Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus is thought to occur in 25% to 50% of the offspring of infected women. Standard diagnostic methods do not permit identification of the infected newborns. To assess diagnostic methods and document the natural history of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection, 20 children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women were followed prospectively for 18 months by measuring antibody titer, Western blot profiles, and antigenemia, and the results were compared with clinical outcome. Endogenous synthesis of anti-human immunodeficiency virus IgG was demonstrated in 6 of the 8 infected children. Four children synthesized IgM against human immunodeficiency virus. Five had demonstrable p24 antigenemia. No significant differences between infected and noninfected children were noted at birth except drug withdrawal, which occurred more frequently in noninfected infants. The incidence of adenopathy, hepatomegaly, and neurologic and immunologic abnormalities in the infected children were compared with noninfected children. The distinguishing illnesses were the opportunistic infections, lobar pneumonia, and failure to thrive. Seven of the 8 infected children had human immunodeficiency virus-mediated disease by 1 year of age (Centers for Disease Control [Atlanta, Ga] P2 classification), and four had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Centers for Disease Control P2D). These studies offer an approach to diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in infants and document the natural history and possible outcomes of infected children.
 ...
PMID:Natural history and serologic diagnosis of infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. 280 55

Co-infection with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma is not uncommon in Europe, but is rare in Africa and not previously reported in infants. This article documents the case of an 11-month-old African boy with lymphocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. The infant was brought to a hospital in the Central African Republic with chronic diarrhea and disseminated lymphadenopathy. Also present were fever, cough, weight loss, a gingivostomatitis with herpes-like vesicles, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and cervico-axillo-inguinal lymphadenopathy. The adenopathies 1st occurred when the infant was 7 months of age and were followed 1 month later by the emergence of 12 dark brown or black velvet raised cutaneous nodules. The diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma was confirmed by lymph node and skin nodule biopsies. Also indicative of Kaposi's sarcoma was the presence of abortive vascular foci at a distance from the skin's surface and the cell proliferation. Both the infant and his asymptomatic mother were seropositive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. The skin lesions in this case presented the special infiltrative characteristic of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. The infant died 2 months after presentation at the hospital. By the last weeks of his life, the cutaneous nodules had covered the entire body. Death was from pleuropneumopathy. Given the high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in the Central African Republic, more such cases can be expected.
 ...
PMID:Lympho-cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma in an African pediatric AIDS case. 292 57

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characteristically associated with hypergammaglobulinemia in both adult and pediatric cases. We report herein four infants who had an HIV infection in association with severe hypogammaglobulinemia and did not exhibit antibodies against HIV. HIV was isolated antemortem or postmortem in all four infants from either peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or body tissues. HIV infection could be presumed to be acquired transplacentally in two infants and by way of infected blood transfusions during the neonatal period in the other two. Each infant became symptomatic within the first year of life and developed rapidly progressive manifestations of the disease. Features that were common to all four infants include premature birth, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, and progressive neurological abnormalities that were associated with intracranial calcifications. We concluded that, when infection occurs early in development either by transplacental exposure to the virus or from blood transfusion in small premature infants, hypogammaglobulinemia and deficiency of antibody production leading to the absence of antibody responses on which diagnosis is usually based can occur. Furthermore, progressive central nervous system disease may be a frequent finding in such infants, and this may lead to cerebral calcifications that must be attributed to the HIV infection itself and not to complicating infections--e.g., toxoplasmosis. It is suggested that patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, antibody deficiency syndrome, and central nervous system disease have an extremely bad prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Prematurity, hypogammaglobulinemia, and neuropathology with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 347 85

The Sydney AIDS Project is a prospective immunoepidemiological study of 911 homosexual and bisexual men enrolled between February 1984 and January 1985. Clinical, immunological, and serological studies are performed on these subjects every six months. At enrollment, 39.9% of subjects were seropositive for antibodies to AIDS retrovirus (ARV). Of these 352 seropositive subjects, 28.1% were symptomless with normal immune profiles, 23.6% were symptomless with an immunodeficiency, 18.8% had a clinical illness but normal immune profile, and 29.6% had a clinical illness and immunodeficiency. Of the symptomless subjects, 27.8% were seropositive for antibodies to ARV. Clinically, seropositivity was significantly associated with enlargement of three or more non-inguinal lymph node groups, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Immunologically, seropositivity was significantly associated with lower absolute numbers of lymphocytes and T4+ lymphocytes and a lower T4+ : T8+ ratio, compared with seronegative subjects. Seropositive subjects with a clinical illness had a significantly lower percentage of T4+ lymphocytes and lower T4+ : T8+ ratio than did those who were symptomless. However, the absolute number of T4+ cells was not significantly different between subjects with a clinical illness and those who were symptomless. Subjects whose sera were positive by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but were negative by radioimmune precipitation assay had a lower number and percentage of T4+ lymphocytes than subjects who were positive by all three tests. These results demonstrate a wide variety of clinical and immunological responses to ARV infection. Prospective study of these subjects will enable us to define further the natural history of ARV infection and factors associated with progression.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and immunologic sequelae of AIDS retrovirus infection. 349 40

From Oct 1, 1982, to Oct 1, 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) received reports of 35 children whose illness met the CDC definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All of the children had serious opportunistic infections without a known underlying illness to explain susceptibility to the infections. The 35 children were residents of ten different states; cases clustered in five major metropolitan areas. Three of the children had a parent with AIDS, and one child who had been previously reported had received a blood transfusion from a person in whom AIDS later developed. Most of the children had at least one parent in a population group in which adult AIDS cases have occurred. Many of the children had histories of prodromal symptoms, including pneumonitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and oral thrush. The mean age at onset of illness was 5 months, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12 months. To determine whether opportunistic infection in children without underlying immunodeficiency was truly a new phenomenon, a review of requests to the CDC for the drug pentamidine isethionate was undertaken. This revealed an apparent increase from 1979 to 1983 in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children without known underlying immunodeficiency.
 ...
PMID:Unexplained immunodeficiency in children. A surveillance report. 661 Jul 74

An infant, first admitted at the age of 5 months with diarrhea (which was adequately treated with formula), was readmitted at the age of 1 year with poor weight gain, steatorrhea, and hepatomegaly. Liver function test results were compatible with cholestatic jaundice, and hepatobiliary scintigraphy visualized dilated bile ducts and evidence of hepatocellular disease. Exploratory laparotomy, liver biopsy, and cholangiography disclosed pathologic and roentgenographic findings of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The patient proved to be immunodeficient, pointing to the possible pathogenetic role of immunodeficiency in causing PSC in some patients. It is important to look for the disease in immunodeficient children and in patients with ulcerative colitis, and to consider PSC in the differential diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice.
 ...
PMID:Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with immunodeficiency. 684 99

A cross-sectional echocardiographic study of 50 black Zimbabwean children with clinical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was carried out. The median age was 9 months. Seventy per cent had chronic cough, 60% respiratory distress and 40% cyanosis. Sixty per cent had pericardial effusion and 48% right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and dilation. However, the clinical diagnosis of heart failure was difficult as most of these children (80%) had hepatomegaly. These findings suggest that respiratory disease plays a role in the causation of RVH in these children. As cardiac causes of RVH were absent, this was presumed to be due to cor pulmonale. HIV-infected children presenting with respiratory distress may have clinically unapparent cor pulmonale. Early and appropriate management may by beneficial.
 ...
PMID:Cor pulmonale in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 767 13

Hepatomegaly and abnormalities of serum liver tests are common problems in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Opportunist infections (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and cytomegalovirus) and neoplasms (lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma) are among the most prevalent hepatic lesions in AIDS. Although Kupffer cells and endothelial cells are potential sites of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, current studies do not indicate that the liver is a major reservoir for this virus. Drug hepatotoxicity, multimicrobial infections of the biliary tree resembling sclerosing cholangitis and a variety of nonspecific hepatic changes should be considered in evaluating AIDS patients or HIV-1-infected patients with evidence of liver dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Pathology of AIDS-related liver disease. 771 15

Between 1986 and 1993 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was diagnosed in 50 adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (8 females, 42 males: 31 intravenous drug users, 11 homosexual or bisexual men, 6 heterosexual individuals, 2 blood recipients) from 5 hospital centres in southern France. Diagnosis of VL was by demonstration of Leishmania and isolation of promastigotes by culture in Novy-McNeal-Nicolle medium. Leishmania isolates were identified by their isoenzyme profile in 28 patients. All the patients were immunocompromised when VL was diagnosed. Their median CD4 cell count was 25 x 10(6) (0-200). However, only 21 patients (42%) fulfilled the 1987 CDC criteria for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome before VL developed. Fever (84%), splenomegaly (56%), hepatomegaly (34%), and pancytopenia (62%) were the most common presenting features. Clinical signs were lacking in 10% of patients. Anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 26/47 cases (55%). Combining these techniques with Western blotting (WB) gave a positivity rate of 95%. Amastigotes were demonstrated in bone marrow aspirates in 47 cases (94%). Unusual sites for parasites were found in 17 patients (34%), mainly in the digestive tract but also skin and lung. Viscerotropic L. infantum zymodeme MON-1 was characterized in 86% of cases. Dermotropic zymodemes MON-24, MON-29, MON-33, and a previously undescribed zymodeme MON-183, were isolated from 4 patients. The response rate to pentavalent antimony was 50% and to amphotericin B 100%, but clinical relapses were noted in both groups. In endemic areas, VL should be considered as a possible opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV-1 co-infection in southern France. 777 40

In a prospective study, we investigated whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection alters the clinical presentation in patients with tuberculous pleuritis. One hundred twelve of 118 patients who presented with pleural effusion suffered from tuberculosis (TB); 65 patients (58%) were HIV seropositive. Evidence of disseminated TB was found more often in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients (30.8% vs 10.6%, p < 0.02). Dyspnea, fever, night sweat, fatigue, and diarrhea, severe tachypnea, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy were significantly more common in HIV-infected than in HIV-negative patients with TB. The same applied to a negative Mantoux reaction, lower hemoglobin, higher beta 2-microglobulin values, and in pleural fluid, lower albumin and higher gamma-globulin levels. Among HIV-infected patients, PPD skin test anergy was significantly associated with relative low albumin and gamma-globulin levels of pleural fluid. However, the radiographic features did not differ with respect to HIV status; they were predominantly those of primary pleuritis (78% in each group). We conclude that coexisting HIV infection affects clinical and laboratory features, but not the radiographic presentation of patients with TB pleuritis in Tanzania.
 ...
PMID:Clinical features of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients with tuberculous pleural effusion in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 795 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>