Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical data and histologic sections of the liver, including immunohistochemical studies for hepatitis B surface and core antigens, were reviewed in 42 autopsy cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hepatomegaly, elevation of serum transaminases, and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase were commonly observed clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase and normal bilirubin levels were present in patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Histologic sections demonstrated liver involvement by MAI in eight cases; KS in six cases; cryptococcus in three cases; and CMV in two cases. One case of MAI infection was associated with marked central vein sclerosis, a finding previously unreported. Thirty-two (76%) of 42 cases had serologic or pathologic evidence of hepatitis exposure. Two patients had histologic evidence of chronic active hepatitis. The pathologic processes involving the liver appeared to be secondary to the infections and neoplasms for which this population is susceptible and did not significantly contribute to morbidity or mortality. No findings specific or pathognomic for AIDS were identified in the liver.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic findings of the liver in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 298 50

We have studied 26 patients presenting with a symmetrical papular or papulovesicular acrolocated eruption of more than 10 days duration. Mean age at onset was 2 years (range 10 months to 5.75 years). Lymphadenopathy was noted in eight cases, and hepatomegaly in one case. In 12 cases, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence were non-contributory. Cytolytic hepatitis occurred in one case and was associated with HBs antigenemia. A history of recent immunization was given in two cases. There was serological evidence of recent Epstein-Barr virus infection in seven out of 13 cases tested. Coxsackie B viruses were isolated from three patients, and cytomegalovirus was probably associated with the syndrome in one case. We conclude that the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is not rare in France, and that non-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cases are more frequent than the classical HBV-associated papular acrodermatitis of childhood.
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PMID:Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a study of 26 cases. 301 87

Hepatocellular carcinoma afflicts mainly Chinese Singaporeans 75/77 (97.4%), of which 71/77 (92.2%) of the patients are males. It is rare below the 3rd decade of life (1.3%), with the peak incidence occurring in the 5th to 7th decade of life (68.5%). Common presenting features are hepatomegaly (85.7%), jaundice (63.6%), and right hypochondrial pain (51.9%). Liver function tests were abnormal in 98.7%. Alpha-foetoprotein were positive in 61/77 (79.2%) of patients. Hepatitis B surface Antigen were positive in 43.75 (57.3%) of patients. Radiology and ultrasound studies demonstrated that 70.1% had lesions involving both lobes at diagnosis. Only 4/77 (5.1%) had surgical resections of the tumour. 50/65 (76.9%) died within six months of diagnosis, 11/65 (16.9%) survived for one year, 1/65 (1.5%) for 1 1/2 years, 1.65 (1.5%) for 2 years and 2/65 (3.0%) for more than 2 1/2 years; the longest survivor is still alive, at 4 1/2 years after diagnosis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma--a clinical study. 301 13

Liver disease, although usually asymptomatic, is a frequent accompaniment of AIDS. Hepatomegaly and macrosteatosis are prevalent but non-specific findings. Evidence of remote hepatitis B virus infection is extremely common; however, the HBsAg carrier state, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis occur no more frequently in AIDS patients than in the general population. Opportunistic intrahepatic infections (such as MAI, fungi, and CMV) or neoplasms (such as lymphoma or KS) usually reflect a disseminated process; liver involvement generally does not directly cause morbidity or result in death. Although biochemical liver tests are commonly elevated in the AIDS population, alkaline phosphatase has proved to be the most specific enzyme for infiltrative processes. Percutaneous liver biopsy has a high diagnostic yield, although the treatment options are currently limited. Acalculous cholecystitis and biliary tract obstruction have been recently described and probably result from CMV and/or cryptosporidial infection. Radiologic features of papillary stenosis and/or sclerosing cholangitis have been demonstrated. In contrast to hepatic parenchymal disease, these entities may be amenable to surgical or endoscopic therapeutic maneuvers.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary abnormalities of AIDS. 304 66

We studied the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis in recipients of blood collected from volunteer donors who tested negative for HBsAg and had serum ALT levels less than 1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range. Between October, 1983 and September, 1984, 676 consecutive patients who needed blood or plasma transfusions during or after elective surgery, who had no history of liver disease and had never received blood previously, were studied. The patients were given a total of 4,813 (mean = 7) units. Ninety-six patients developed posttransfusion hepatitis, which yielded a hepatic incidence of 20 cases per 1,000 units of transfused blood. Ninety-two patients had non-A, non-B hepatitis, 3 had hepatitis B and 1 had cytomegalovirus infection. The incubation periods for non-A, non-B hepatitis ranged from 2 to 26 (mean = 9.5 +/- 4) weeks. In 68 (73%) patients, the hepatitis was completely asymptomatic; only 24 (27%) patients developed symptoms, including jaundice and hepatomegaly. There were no cases of fulminant hepatitis. Sixty per cent of the patients still had elevated serum ALT levels 1 year after the onset of hepatitis. The 96 patients with hepatitis had received a mean of 9.6 blood units, as compared to a mean of 6.7 units for the unaffected patients (p less than 0.001). This study demonstrated that non-A, non-B hepatitis remains a common and important complication of blood transfusion despite screening of blood donors for HBsAg and elevated serum ALT levels.
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PMID:A multicenter, prospective study of posttransfusion hepatitis in Milan. 311 67

Fifty-one asymptomatic Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier children (34 boys, 17 girls), age 1 to 15 years (median: 10 years), were prospectively followed for up to 4 years (median: 30 months) to determine the natural evolution of clinical, biochemical and virological features during the early phase of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatomegaly was the only abnormal finding on examination, being present in five children initially and four at follow-up. Serum ALT levels were normal in 80% of the children at presentation and remained within the normal range during the study in 60%. Fluctuations in ALT levels were mild. In four of 12 instances, transient elevations in ALT levels were associated with a fall in serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels. At presentation, 43 (84%) children were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive; only two (7%) cleared HBeAg on follow-up. None of the eight children who were initially positive for the antibody to HBeAg reverted back to HBeAg positivity. All the children remained HBsAg positive. In this study, we demonstrated that chronic hepatitis B virus infection in asymptomatic Chinese children is usually associated with a mild and stable liver disease despite high levels of hepatitis B virus replication. This may reflect an immunological tolerance to the hepatitis B virus induced by early exposure to the virus and accounts for the persistently high levels of hepatitis B virus replication on follow-up.
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PMID:A longitudinal follow-up of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen-positive Chinese children. 341 35

Overproduction of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large envelope polypeptide by transgenic mice containing the entire HBV envelope coding region leads to the formation of extremely long (up to 800 nm), occasionally branching, filamentous 22-nm-diameter hepatitis B surface antigen particles that accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte and are not efficiently secreted. As the endoplasmic reticulum expands to accommodate the increasing cellular filament stores, the hepatocytes become enlarged, hydropic, and eosinophilic and also display the characteristic features of "ground-glass" cells. As filament storage progresses, the ground-glass cells undergo coagulative necrosis and the mice develop an age-dependent lesion, whose severity is related to the intracellular concentration of envelope polypeptide, that is characterized by focal hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, lobular macrophagic inflammation, and increased serum transaminase activity. Advanced lesions demonstrate hepatocellular hyperplasia evident as lobular architectural disarray and microscopic hepatocellular nodules, many of which no longer contain detectable HBV envelope antigens. These changes may become extreme, producing a massively enlarged liver due to multifocal nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Overproduction of the large HBV envelope polypeptide exerts major structural constraints on HBV particle formation, leading to reduced secretion and progressive intracellular accumulation of hepatitis B surface antigen, which can reach sufficiently high concentrations to be directly cytotoxic to hepatocytes in this transgenic mouse system.
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PMID:Structural and pathological effects of synthesis of hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide in transgenic mice. 347 14

We report histological aspect of population, expression of middle classes of Lombardia (Italy), affected by hepatomegaly with or without marks of biohumoral compromised. After classification in groups, according to a minutely explained scheme, we investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunological aspect and the frequency of the several configurations in every group. We have found HBV positive almost half hepatopathies classified as metabolic according to histological features and 70% of the liver cirrhosis without histological signs of inflammation. The immunological shape showed by last group is identical to the shape of the group with typical histological signs of persistent chronic hepatitis. Another epidemiologic factor as age marks the different histological groups and leads to advance hypotheses of consecutiveness. Distribution of the different histological forms with reference to sex allows the same considerations on pathogenetic factors of progression.
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PMID:[Associated hepatitis B virus forms and analysis of immunologic configurations in histologically typified chronic diseases of the liver. Epidemiologic aspects and development factors]. 350 3

Eleven patients of Chinese origin experienced spontaneous reactivation of chronic active hepatitis B. Eight HBsAg-positive patients were followed for an average of 15 months prior to, while three others presented during reactivation. Fatigue, hepatomegaly and jaundice were frequent findings. Elevation of both serum ALT (average = 1,212 units per liter) and hepatitis B virus DNA levels were noted in all patients, and reactivation lasted an average of 4.4 months. During resolution, clinical symptoms abated, serum ALT levels reverted toward normal, and in nine patients, the hepatitis B virus DNA values became undetectable. All patients lacked evidence for acute hepatitis A, Epstein-Barr Virus, cytomegalovirus or hepatitis delta virus infection. Histologic findings of liver tissue from eight patients showed piecemeal necrosis and fibrosis. Within the parenchyma, varying degrees of hepatocytolysis with cuffing, perivenular necrosis and acidophilic bodies were noted. Ground-glass cells and regenerative changes also were observed. Cirrhosis was not present in any of the liver biopsies. These findings suggest that spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B occurs in heterosexual patients with chronic active hepatitis B and contributes to chronic inflammation and to the progression of their liver disease.
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PMID:Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B in Chinese patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. 361 49

The case of a 29-year-old man with Niemann-Pick disease and hepatic failure is presented. Massive hepatomegaly with hepatic calcification were noted in association with a course of persistent hepatitis B serum antigenemia with rapid hepatic decompensation, ascites, encephalopathy and renal failure. The possible relationship of the clinical course to the underlying disease process is discussed, and a review of Niemann-Pick disease is presented.
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PMID:Hepatic failure in adult Niemann-Pick disease. 375 63


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