Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas are clinically distinct from smaller asymptomatic ones and may be confused with primary or metastatic malignancy. Hemangiomas exceeding 8 cm in diameter (mean, 13.7 cm) were studied in eight women 28-71 years old, six of whom presented with right upper quadrant discomfort and/or hepatomegaly. On unenhanced CT, seven of the masses were less dense than surrounding normal liver and one was slightly more dense than adjacent fatty liver. All masses contained additional stellate or cleftlike low-density zones, and two contained calcification. After bolus IV contrast administration, all exhibited early peripheral enhancement and partial centripetal isodense fill-in. None became completely isodense on delayed scans. Familiarity with these CT characteristics and a high index of suspicion should facilitate correct diagnosis and avert needle biopsy.
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PMID:CT of giant cavernous hemangioma. 349 95

Both the Budd-Chiari and the nephrotic syndrome have previously been reported to occur secondary to occlusion of the vena cava. However, they have never been reported to occur simultaneously, nor have either of these entities been reported to occur secondary to massive hepatomegaly. This is the first report of both the Budd-Chiari and the nephrotic syndromes secondary to massive hepatomegaly with vena caval obstruction due to acute fatty liver from heavy alcohol intake. With shrinkage of the liver, the vena caval obstruction cleared as did the Budd-Chiari and nephrotic syndromes.
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PMID:Budd-Chiari and the nephrotic syndromes secondary to massive hepatomegaly. 381 22

A 54-year-old woman with obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and massive hepatomegaly was found to have severe steatosis and cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Complete evaluation led to the diagnosis of fatty cirrhosis associated with obesity and diabetic mellitus. She underwent four months of fasting with a protein-carbohydrate and vitamin-mineral liquid supplement to control her weight and metabolic abnormalities and to evaluate the effect of this diet on her liver disease. She lost 40 pounds to ideal body weight, normalized her serum glucose and lipids, and decreased total liver height by one third. Liver biopsy at the completion of her diet showed inactive cirrhosis and complete resolution of steatosis. Supplemented fasting with only modest weight loss can safely resolve fatty liver in obese diabetics with nonalcoholic steatosis and cirrhosis. Aggressive dietary approaches to achieve long-term weight loss deserve study in this subgroup of diabetics with unexplained chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Steatosis and cirrhosis in an obese diabetic. Resolution of fatty liver by fasting. 382 84

Young rats were force-fed a lysine + arginine-devoid diet or a complete diet for 3 days, and selected biochemical and morphologic studies were conducted. Rats force-fed the experimental diet in comparison with those force-fed the control diet for 3 days showed decreased body weight gain, hepatomegaly with periportal fatty liver, pancreatic and splenic atrophy, and enhanced 14C-leucine incorporation into hepatic proteins. Differences in the experimental animals were observed in the free amino acid levels of serum (decreased lysine, arginine, and ornithine) and liver (decreased ornithine), in blood chemistries (decreased levels of ammonia N2, uric acid, cholesterol, protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, LDH and SGOT) and in hematologic findings (leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia after a morning feeding). The experimental findings in young rats force-fed the lysine + arginine-devoid diet were compared with those reported to develop in children with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), an autosomal recessive defect in diamino acid transport. Children with LPI as described by others reveal a number of similarities as well as a number of differences in comparison to the findings in the experimental animals. The comparison suggests that some of the pathological manifestations of LPI may be related to a deficiency of diamino acids but others must be due to different alterations in this complex human disease.
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PMID:Chemical pathology of diamino acid deficiency: considerations in relation to lysinuric protein intolerance. 393 96

Five patients had amiodarone hepatotoxicity detected on routine biochemical monitoring. Symptoms attributable to hepatotoxicity were minimal or absent; reversible hepatomegaly was seen in two patients, whereas three patients had signs of nonhepatic amiodarone toxicity before or with hepatotoxicity. Serum aminotransferase levels were elevated in all patients and alkaline phosphatase levels in four; no patient had hyperbilirubinemia or prolongation of the prothrombin time. Light microscopy showed steatosis, cellular degeneration, and cellular necrosis in the biopsy samples of four patients, whereas the fifth patient's sample had a granulomatous injury pattern. Electron microscopic study of liver tissue done in two patients showed phospholipid-laden lysosomal lamellar bodies. These findings suggest that both toxic and hypersensitivity liver injury can occur in response to amiodarone. The presence of phospholipid-laden lysosomal lamellar bodies may help differentiate amiodarone hepatotoxicity from alcoholic liver disease or other causes of hepatic steatosis.
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PMID:Amiodarone hepatotoxicity. A clinicopathologic study of five patients. 394 78

In a review of 60 patients with fatty infiltration of the liver documented by Xe-133 imaging, 43% had normal radiocolloid liver images, and 57% had abnormal images with various combinations of hepatomegaly, mottling, splenomegaly, and splenic shift of radioactivity. None, however, showed focal defects. Fatty infiltrates do not simulate mass lesions on the radiocolloid study of the liver, and an area of photon deficiency in the presence of hepatic steatosis points to an additional pathologic process. The interpretation of the radiocolloid liver image is unhindered by fatty infiltration when searching for discrete space-occupying lesions.
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PMID:Radiocolloid liver imaging in hepatic steatosis. 395 25

Intravenous (i.v.) infusion of excessive energy has been associated with hepatic steatosis. The time course of liver lipid accumulation was examined during 6 days of i.v. hyperalimentation with fat-free infusate. Adult male rats with indwelling superior vena cava cannulas received a dextrose-amino acid infusate for 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 4 or 6 days to provide 146% of nonprotein energy requirement [congruent to 350 non-protein kcal/(kg . day)] and 335% of nitrogen requirement [congruent to 2.7 g amino nitrogen/(kg . day)]. Significant hepatomegaly was apparent by day 1/2. Initially, glycogen deposition accounted for the liver enlargement, but after day 2, liver glycogen was declining and liver lipid was increasing. By day 4, liver lipid had increased fourfold and was the major contributor to hepatomegaly. Concurrent with fatty liver metamorphosis, hepatic essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) developed by day 4; liver linoleic acid levels had dropped from 20 to 1% of total fatty acids, and liver triene:tetraene ratio was 0.68. Similar changes in hepatic phospholipid fatty acids were observed. Enhanced lipogenesis and impaired lipid transport is known to accompany EFAD and may underlie the observed steatosis. A doubling of plasma cholesterol levels was also associated with steatosis. The mechanism leading to this increase in plasma cholesterol warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Development of hepatic steatosis and essential fatty acid deficiency in rats with hypercaloric, fat-free parenteral nutrition. 643 8

We compared light pen (LPEN) and Region of Interest (ROI) computer methods in determining spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratios both in anterior and posterior images in various liver diseases. The S/L ratio was independent of age or type of colloid used (equal particle size provided). Results with corresponding LPEN and ROI programs did not differ significantly from each other. The sensitivity and specificity were tested and the anterior view yielded somewhat better results than the posterior view but the best results were obtained when both projections were used. The sensitivity for all liver diseases was 60% and the corresponding specificity 93%. In hepatocellular diseases the sensitivity was 80-100%, but the S/L ration had only 37% sensitivity for hepatic metastases. Hepatomegaly in the anterior view was found in 67% of fatty liver cases, in 25% of cirrhosis cases, in 20% of hepatitis and in 25% of metastatic livers. Splenomegaly was noted in 39-54% of patients with hepatocellular diseases but only in 4-10% of metastatic diseases.
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PMID:The spleen-to-liver ratios in hepatic diseases. 653 Dec 14

Disturbances of intravenously administered indocyanin green (ICG) elimination are related to the effective circulating blood volume and the amount of binding protein for transportation in blood plasma through the liver because of the narrowed sinusoidal space due to the enlarged liver cells with fullness of confluent fat droplets in the cytoplasma. However, morphologic changes of the liver resulting in disturbances of ICG elimination could not be actually clarified until the present. Therefore, morphologic changes of the liver resulting in delayed ICG elimination in fatty liver, occurring in diabetes mellitus were investigated in contrast with those in fatty liver in non-diabetic, non-alcoholic diseases of the liver. An electron microscopic study of the liver with delayed ICG elimination revealed thickening and amorphous growth of the sinusoidal wall with obscure pores followed by membraneous formation, narrowness of Disse's space, rarefaction of sinusoidal microvilli and proliferation of collagen fibers, in fatty livers derived from both diabetes mellitus and other diseases. The term "intrasinusoidal block" in fatty liver should be utilized on the basis of these electron microscopic features of the liver.
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PMID:Light microscopic and electron microscopic study on morphologic features resulting in the delay of ICG elimination in diabetic and non-diabetic fatty liver. 653 68

A 40-year-old man was diagnosed as fatty liver according to our ultrasonographical criteria for fatty liver, i.e., liver-kidney contrast in the ultrasound mass screening of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. He lacked any signs or symptoms, nor any known causes of fatty liver, i.e., obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ingestion of alcohol or drugs. Liver biopsy of this patient revealed fatty change of about 50% of the hepatic lobules. It has been difficult to suspect the presence of latent fatty liver which lacked both the abnormality in the liver function test and hepatomegaly, and even impossible when it lacked any risk factors. In the future as the ultrasonography becomes more generally used as a primary screening examination, "idiopathic latent fatty liver", like this patient, will be more frequently found and this, in turn, will contribute to the progress of the epidemiology and etiology of fatty liver.
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PMID:A case of idiopathic fatty liver detectable only by ultrasonography. 662 57


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