Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic features of 75 patients of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) living in the Gizan Area of Saudi Arabia and their follow-up, during a 2-year period, were characterized. Eighty-nine percent of the cases were defined histologically, whereas in the rest, ultrasonographic (US) evidence along with an alphafetoprotein (AFP) level exceeding 480 ng/ml were taken as the positive evidence for PHC. Eighty percent of the cases were male patients, with the peak incidence during the seventh decade. The most common clinical presentations were hepatic enlargement (91%), abdominal pain (76%), splenic enlargement (33%), and acites (33%), followed by bruit, fever, metastases, and varices. Alteration in a liver function test was manifest in 97% of the cases, AFP values greater than 480 ng/ml in 57%, and a hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in 65% of the cases. There was no intersex variation in positivity for HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen (anti-HBc) among the 30 PHC cases studied. Positivity for HBsAg or the overall hepatitis B virus exposure in PHC cases was higher than the normal controls (P less than 0.001). In addition to histologic confirmation of PHC in 67 cases, there was histologic evidence of cirrhosis in 25%, or chronic active hepatitis in 19% of the cases. At the time of diagnosis, the average duration of the presenting illness was less than 2 months, while the mortality in the ensuing 2-month period was 73%. The average span of total illness in the vast majority of cases was 4 to 6 months. Two female patients (one with fibrolamellar carcinoma) however, survived for 2 years. Immunization against hepatitis B virus should be considered for all newborns in such hyperendemic communities. A continuous program should be started in such communities to screen and immunize all those yet unexposed to hepatitis B virus. The established HBsAg carriers should be periodically examined ultrasonographically along with an AFP estimation for initiating the chemotherapeutic and other measures against PHC in fairly early stages of malignancy.
Cancer 1986 Nov 01
PMID:A profile of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the Gizan Area of Saudi Arabia. 242 66

During a clinical trial of duration of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 71 of 610 patients (11.6%) died in the first 3 weeks. Chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1 g m-2 i.v. day 1, etoposide 100 mg t.d.s. orally days 1-3, vincristine 2 mg i.v. day 1. The time of death was found to be nonrandomly distributed within the first chemotherapy cycle, with a peak incidence between days 7 and 12 after chemotherapy. Patients were matched with controls who were the next cases entered into the study who did not die in the first 3 weeks. Patients dying early were more likely to have clinical hepatomegaly (P less than 0.0001), and ECOG score greater than or equal to 1 (P less than 0.00001). As a group these patients also had a higher alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.0002), an elevated blood urea (P less than 0.00001) and a lower serum albumin (P less than 0.0001) than controls. It is probable that infection contributes to the death of these already ill patients at a time when the blood count is low. Early deaths have been noted in two other large trials using regimens including etoposide. Prophylactic antibiotics or dosage modification may prevent the early death of these high risk patients.
Br J Cancer 1989 May
PMID:Patients at risk of chemotherapy-associated toxicity in small cell lung cancer. 254 22

Bone marrow involvement was seen in 11 percent of patients with Hodgkin's Disease which was determined from pre-treatment biopsy specimens using established histopathologic criteria. Analysis of 32 evaluable patients with marrow involvement showed male preponderance with a peak in fourth decade of life. Twenty four cases (75%) had B-symptoms and 15 (46%) presented within six months of onset of symptoms. On categorizing for clinical staging, 21 (65%) belonged to stage III and IV. Hepatomegaly (greater than or equal to 2 cms) was present in seven cases (21%) and splenomegaly in 13 cases (40%). Mixed cellularity and lymphocytic depletion histopathologic subtypes showed the highest frequency of involvement (21 cases; 65%). Out of 28 cases ESR was raised in 27 cases (96%). Eighteen cases (56%) showed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Serum copper levels were determined in 14 cases, out of which 12 (85%) showed elevated levels. These parameters along with anemia (hemoglobin of 12 g/dl or less) in 26 cases (81%), correlated well with the disease activity. Only four cases had leukopenia at presentation pointing to no hindrance for aggressive chemotherapy. All cases received minimum of six courses of standard combination chemotherapy with or without local radiotherapy. Sixteen cases (50%) relapsed subsequently and were managed accordingly. A five year follow-up revealed a minimal 31 percent overall survival, and 18 percent of patients were disease free and well since the time of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Indian J Cancer 1989 Jun
PMID:Hodgkin's disease with bone marrow involvement. 259 99

To determine if the carcinogenic potential of peroxisome proliferators is dependent upon their ability to induce cell proliferation, we have investigated the extent of cell proliferation in the livers of rats fed ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator. Male rats were maintained on a diet containing ciprofibrate (0.025% w/w) and killed at selected intervals following 1 week of continuous [3H]thymidine labeling. Evaluation of labeling indices demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation during the first week but not in rats killed at the end of 5 and 20 weeks of treatment. Increases in hepatocyte nuclear labeling were found at 40 and 70 weeks of ciprofibrate administration which coincided with the appearance in livers of putative preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. In a short-term feeding study, ciprofibrate and ethoxyquin were fed to rats at a dietary concentration of 0.025% and 0.5%, respectively, either alone or in combination for 7 days. Ciprofibrate and ethoxyquin either alone or in combination produced marked hepatomegaly and a significant increase in DNA synthesis as demonstrated by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiographic studies. DNA synthesis in the group receiving ciprofibrate and ethoxyquin simultaneously, was slightly more than in animals that received either compound alone, suggesting a synergistic effect, although chronic feeding of these agents together resulted in inhibition of liver carcinogenesis (Rao, M. S. et al. (1984) Cancer Res., 44, 1072-1076). The results of this study further suggest that cell proliferation induced by peroxisome proliferators may be less important in carcinogenesis than peroxisome proliferation induced by these compounds.
Cancer Lett 1989 Sep 15
PMID:Evaluation of liver cell proliferation during ciprofibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. 263 30

Although the liver is one of the four organs most often involved in generalized mastocytosis (GM), little is known about macroscopic and microscopic liver findings in this rare disease. This study included 182 patients with GM (confirmed in most by bone marrow histologic study), comprising 52 cases of our own and 130 reported in the literature. Hepatomegaly was found in 131 (72%) of the 182 patients, cirrhosis in seven (4%), and periportal fibrosis in 25 (14%). Mast cell (MC) infiltration of the liver was confirmed histologically in 77 (42%). Liver specimens were available for further histologic investigation in 11 of our own cases of GM. Nine of these contained MC aggregates. Mast cells were found predominantly in the portal tracts but numerous MC also were loosely scattered throughout the sinusoids. Diagnostic confusion of GM with reactive lesions of the liver is unlikely to occur since MC, according to our own observations and the available literature, are found only in very low numbers in normal liver tissue, where they occur mainly in the portal tracts. Reliable identification of MC does, however, require special stains, like Giemsa, toluidine blue, or naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase.
Cancer 1989 Feb 01
PMID:Liver findings in generalized mastocytosis. A clinicopathologic study. 264 56

A prospective investigation of 188 patients with cancer of the rectum and rectosigmoid colon with synchronous liver metastases is described. The mean survival time for 183 patients who did not receive any treatment for the liver metastases was six months and only one survived for longer than 37 months. After extirpation of the primary tumour, the most significant prognostic factors were etrahepatic metastases, enlarged liver on account of metastases and more than three liver metastases. Serum basic phosphatases had the greatest significance among a series of laboratory tests. In the sub-groups with the best possible prognoses, the mean survival time was 12 months. 25% five-year survival has been described in the literature following resection of the liver in patients with a maximum of three metastases, no other metastases and age under 70 years. Provided this holds true, liver surgery will be a therapeutic possibility in at least 100 patients per annum in Denmark with synchronous liver metastases and 25 of these will be cured. This figure requires an improved programme for the diagnosis of synchronous liver metastases than at present and the same high frequency of extirpation of the primary colorectal cancer on a national basis which was achieved in the present material.
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PMID:[Prognosis in synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. A multicenter study of patients with cancer of the rectum and cancer of the rectosigmoid colon]. 266 Mar 70

The liver is a frequent site of metastases and in several cases the only available target for assessing the activity of chemotherapeutic agents. A standard procedure for liver measurements by ultrasound was investigated. One hundred and twenty-three chemotherapy cycles were evaluated. This study shows that metastatic involvement of the liver can be measured by several ultrasound parameters which represent different features of the same process: the number and the surface of the nodules, the volume of the organ. Ultrasound parameters were correlated with liver function tests, CEA, hepatomegaly and measurements of other metastatic sites. The surface of metastases still appeared to be the most reliable criterion of response. Our results suggest that several liver ultrasound parameters may help to definitely assess the type of response to chemotherapy.
Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989 May
PMID:Measurements of response to chemotherapy using ultrasound in metastatic liver involvement. 266 Dec 39

It is known that cigarette smoking induces leukocytosis and increased genetic instability in normal individuals. Therefore, a retrospective review was conducted of 173 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia to detect a possible influence of cigarette smoking on initial characteristics at the time of presentation and on the course of this disease. Thirty-nine patients (23%) were smoking 5 cigarettes/d or more at time of diagnosis. Cigarette smoking was significantly related to male sex (P = 0.0005) and younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.02) and smokers tended to have lower leukocyte counts (P = 0.07) than nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with early blast crisis (P less than 0.0001) and short survival (P less than 0.0001). Other characteristics associated with a poor prognosis included hepatomegaly, anemia, and a high percentage of peripheral blast cells at time of diagnosis. When studied in a multivariate analysis, cigarette smoking remained the strongest prognostic factor for both occurrence of blast crisis (P = 0.0003) and overall survival (P = 0.0001). Other poor prognosis factors found in the multivariate analysis included a high percentage of blasts in the peripheral blood at time of diagnosis and high platelet count. It is possible that cigarette smoke may act as a promoter or cocarcinogen in the transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Cancer 1989 May 15
PMID:Influence of cigarette smoking on the presentation and course of chronic myelogenous leukemia. 270 75

We conducted a phase II trial of deoxycoformycin (pentostatin [DCF]) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Eligibility criteria included age greater than 18 years, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) performance status 0 to 2, lymphocyte count greater than or equal to 15,000 cells/microL, international stage B or C disease (multiple lymph nodes involved and/or hemoglobin [Hgb] less than 11 g and/or platelets less than 100,000/microL) and no more than one prior treatment regimen. DCF dose was 4 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) weekly for 3 weeks and then every 2 weeks. There were 39 eligible patients (35 men and four women; median age, 63 years; median time from diagnosis to study entry, 3 years). Of these 39 patients, 31% were stage B and 33% had no prior treatment. Median laboratory values at entry were Hgb 10.5 g, WBC 96,100/microL, and platelets 93,500/microL. Nodal involvement was present in 90%, splenomegaly in 81%, and hepatomegaly in 47%. Patients received a median of nine DCF injections, with a range of four to 26. Three patients were not evaluable for response. Overall, 3% achieved a complete response (CR), 23% a partial response (PR), 28% showed clinical improvement (CI), and 38% had stable disease (SD). Associated toxicities (grade 2 or worse) observed were infections (52%), worsening of thrombocytopenia (26%) or anemia (33%), nausea and vomiting (31%), rash or pruritus (20%), and stomatitis (8%). We conclude that DCF is an active agent in CLL with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Pentostatin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase II trial of Cancer and Leukemia group B. 278 91

Ninety-three (40.6%) cases have metastatic tumour deposits in the liver out of all the primary malignant tumours seen at autopsy during the study period (1983-86). An overwhelming preponderance (39.8%) of hepatic metastases was due to tumours of the reticulo-endothelial system. This is notable when compared with the reports in the Caucasians. Many of the patients presented as if they were primary liver tumours with weight loss, hepatomegaly, abdominal discomfort and upper abdominal mass as major clinical features. This study has shown that a cirrhotic liver is particularly immune to invasion by metastases, when compared with the incidence of primary cancer in cirrhotic livers (Z = 9.32; P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Malignant metastatic tumours in the liver: an African series. 281 22


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