Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma of the liver together represent approximately 2% of all primary hepatic tumors and tumor-like lesions in childhood. This study reports the clinical and pathologic features of focal nodular hyperplasia in three children, all females between 27 months and 15 years of age with asymptomatic hepatomegaly. In contrast, massive hemoperitoneum from a ruptured, hemorrhagic mass was the presentation of the hepatic adenoma in a 14-year-old girl. There was no history of administration of steroids in these four children. Angiography in two cases (one case each of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma) revealed hypervascular lesions with abnormal tortuous vessels suggesting a malignant tumor. Pathologically, the adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia were readily distinguishable and the necessity for this differentiation was reviewed. All four patients are currently doing well.
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PMID:Focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma of the liver. A pediatric experience. 23 73

Fifteen males and 17 females with adrenal cortical carcinoma were reviewed. Their average age at diagnosis was 50.33 years plus or minus 12.26 SD for males and 39.76 years plus or minus 12.02 SD for females. The 5-year survival rate in this series was 31.25%. Abdominal pain, weakness, and weight loss were the primary presenting symptoms, whereas abdominal mass, distant lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and edema of the lower extremities were the main presenting signs. The major sites of distant metastatic involvement were the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, and bones. The best available mode of therapy was surgery. The use of ortho para 'DDD (o,p'DDD), either in addition to surgery or as the only mode of therapy, was not associated with any significant advantage to the patient. Female patients had a longer survival than males, probably because of their younger age at diagnosis.
Cancer 1975 Feb
PMID:Adrenal cortical carcinoma. A study of 32 patients. 23 92

Ethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate), a hypolipidaemic drug which induces hepatomegaly and proliferation of peroxisomes in liver cells of rats and mice, was fed to 15 male F344 rats at a dietary concentration of 0.5% (v/w) for up to 28 months. Hepatocellular carcinomas developed in 10/11 (91%) rats killed between 24 and 28 months. Other tumours included carcinoma of the pancreas (2 rats), leiomyoma of the small intestine (1 rat) and a large dermatofibrosarcoma (1 rat). Clofibrate is the third hypolipidaemic peroxisome proliferator demonstrated to be hepatocarcinogenic in rats. These studies suggest that hypolipidaemic agents which are capable of producing a sustained hepatomegalic and peroxisome-proliferative effect also induce liver tumours.
Br J Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Tumorigenicity of the hypolipidaemic peroxisome proliferator ethyl-alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate) in rats. 50 72

A two-month-old female presented with hepatomegaly 5 cm below the right costal margin. Resection of a 6 cm hepatic mass demonstrated an infantile hemangioendotheliom (IHE). This documents for the first time the ultrastructural features of an IHE of the liver. Ultrastructural examination showed large numbers of vascular channels of varying sizes lined by abnormal endothelial cells. An incomplete basal lamina separated the endothelial cells from the extracellular material and there were no associated pericytes. The intervascular area contained abundant collagen fibers, fibrils, and cells ultrastructurally similar to fibroblasts. The relationship of structure to certain clinical features of this lesion is discussed.
Cancer 1978 Aug
PMID:Ultrastructure of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver. 67 53

A 26-year-old man, acutely ill with fever, anemia, and hepatomegaly, was found to have an epidermoid carcinoma by percutaneous needle biopsy of a left apical lung mass. Following resection of the necrotic tumor, fever, anemia, and hepatomegaly disappeared. The patient is alive with no evidence of cancer 30 months later.
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PMID:Operable lung cancer associated with fever, anemia, and hepatomegaly. 87 50

Hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function can occur in nonmetastatic malignancies. A patient with metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma that had spared the liver and extrahepatic biliary tree is described. He had puzzling episodes of jaundice for a period of 2 1/2 years. The results of appropriate investigations and an exploratory laparotomy performed dlring the patient's four antemortem hospitalizations were indicative of "recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis," the cause of which remained an enigma even after exploratory laparotomy. At autopsy, no evidence of hepatic metastases or extrahepatic biliary obstruction was found. Alcohol, hepatotoxic drugs, toxins, viral and chronic active hepatitis, hemolysis, and extrahepatic biliary obstruction were eliminated as causes of the jaundice. We believe that the intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis is one of the nonmetastatic manifestations (nonmetastatic hepatopathy of malignancy) of the prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Intermittent cholestatic jaundice and nonmetastatic prostatic carcinoma. 92 51

Scintigraphic criteria for hepatic metastases were studied by examination of 333 liver scintigrams performed on 275 patients with primary cancers of the colon or breast. Focal defects in radiocolloid distribution correctly signaled the presence of metastatic colon carcinoma in 88% of the patients with that disease and incorrectly pointed to only 6% of the patients without such metastases. In contrast, the same criterion detected only 67% of hepatic metastases from breast carcinoma. This lower sensitivity could be improved to 87% by adding heterogeneity or hepatomegaly to the criteria for abnormality when patients with breast cancer are examined. Scintigraphic indicators of metastatic disease may vary according to the site of primary cancer.
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PMID:Scintigraphic criteria for hepatic metastases from cancer of the colon and breast. 93 8

Fifteen male workers exposed to vinyl chloride developed angiosarcoma of the liver. Thirteen died of disease and two are currently living for short periods after diagnosis. Their ages ranged from 36 to 58 years (average 47.5 years). Their exposure time ranged from 4 to 27.8 years (average 16.9 years). The most common presenting symptoms were fatigue, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Hepatomegaly followed by splenomegaly were the most common physical findings. Biochemical profiles yielded variable results and proved to be of little value in the detection or diagnosis. Of eight patients autopsied, distant organ involvement was present in two cases, duodenal involvement in one, and direct extension of tumor to adjacent organs or tissues in four additional ones. The remainder, diagnosed by open liver biopsy, revealed no tumor extension. The gross features of the tumors were hemorrhagic necrosis, cystic degeneration, fibrosis, and apparent multicentricity. The histologic features were those of the typical angiosarcoma found in a variety of sites with a wide range of cellular differentiation. The histologic diagnosis was often impaired by the extensive tumor necrosis. Elsewhere in the liver subcapsular fibrosis, a distinct type of portal fibrosis, and endothelial cell hyperplasia with or without sinusoidal dilatation were noted. The reduction of industrial chemical exposure has already been achieved and will hopefully eliminate this chemically related tumor in the future. There is, however, a significant group of previously exposed workers who will require careful monitoring to detect functional abnormalities of the liver and possible early neoplastic changes.
Cancer 1976 Jan
PMID:Clinical and morphologic features of hepatic angiosarcoma in vinyl chloride workers. 94 81

In 82 patients, a preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been established by means of transfemoral neck vein catheterization and measurement of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Twenty-five of these patients have had cancer in other parts of the body but with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. One patient had carcinoma of the colon with metastases, and four were members of families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA, Types I and II). In six other hypercalcemic patients, high levels of iPTH were found also in the effluent blood from cancer sites other than the parathyroid gland, secondary to ectopic hormone production or pseudohyperparathyroidism. In addition, a high serum level of iPTH was found in the superior vena cava of a seventh patient who had carcinoma of the breast but no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence or metastasis with the exception of an enlarged liver. This iPTH finding was interpreted as being, probably, the result of parathyroid adenoma in either the neck or the mediastinum. At the time of operation, a transcervical mediastinal search was made. Four normal cervical parathyroid glands were found; three were removed. Hypercalcemia persisted after operation, and the patient died. At postmortem examination, microscopic study revealed that the disease had metastasized to lungs and hilar lymph nodes. There was massive metastasis in the liver; the liver contained a large amount of iPTH. The results of these investigations suggest that (1) venous catheterization of the neck veins and the effluent blood from extraparathyroid tumors aid in identifying and localizing iPTH production; (2) primary benign hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon in patients with cancer, and its co-existence must be recognized; (3) high serum iPTH level in the superior vena cava may be found in patients with metastatic or primary cancer of the thoracic cavity; and (4) hyperparathyroidism may be the first hint of a familial multiple endocrine syndrome.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in patients with known malignent disease. 96 5

The relationship of a variety of initial features and the outcome of therapy was analyzed for 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). All had entered "total therapy" studies between 1962 and 1971. The standard for comparing outcome of therapy was whether patients with a given feature attained or exceeded the median duration of complete remission, hematologic remission or survival for the group. The results showed that, in general, the more massive or extensive the disease at diagnosis, the poorer the outcome. Factors associated with a significantly poorer prognosis included: initial leukocyte count above 100,000/mm; spleen enlargement greater than 5 cm; mediastinal involvement and early CNS involvement. Children over 10 years old at diagnosis and Negro children also had a poor prognosis. From another viewpoint features were examined for patients who attained at least 3 years of continuous complete remission. This confirmed some earlier findings and, in addition, showed that children under 2 years of age at diagnosis or with hepatomegaly over 5 cm were less likely to attain this goal. With the exception of early CNS involvement, however, patients with excellent responses to therapy were found with each factor of poor prognosis. Two major factors were not analyzed because their relationship to prognosis is generally accepted: therapeutic differences and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:Initial features and prognosis in 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. 106 May 5


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