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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain characteristics of 328 Mozambican male Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) have been compared with those of 163 Shangaan men with hepatomegaly from causes other than PHC and with those of 122 Black Southern African men with the same tumour but who belonged to tribes other than the Shangaan. Shangaans with PHC were significantly younger than non-Shangaans with the tumour (mean age 33,4 cf. 40,0 years; Pless than 0,001). They also had a significantly higher positivity rate of alpha-fetoprotein by immunodiffusion (71,4%) than the non-Shangaans (16%), although in other respects the tumours appeared to be similar. Cirrhosis of the non-tumorous part of the liver was present at necropsy in 62% of the Shangaans and in 66% of the non-Shangaans. The hepatitis B (surface) antigen (HBsAg) was detected in the serum of 60% of the Shangaans with PHC compared with only 9% of the controls. The antigen was present in 53,4% of the non-Shangaans with PHC (the difference between this fifure and that in the Shangaans was not significant). HBsAg was detected in the serum of 64% of the Shangaans with PHC and cirrhosis, but also in 74% of those with the tumour without associated cirrhosis. The possible role of the hepatitis B verus in the aetiology of PHC is considered in the light both of these findings and of the possibility that the frequency with which the tumour is associated with cirrhosis may be decreasing in Shangaans. Some of the dietary habits of the Shangaans with PHC were compared with those of the controls. Virtually all the patients with PHC, but also almost all the controls, ate groundnuts in large quantities from an early age, as well as cashew nuts in smaller amounts. Cycad pips, mopani leaves and pods, mopani worms and locusts were not eaten by significantly more of the Shangaans with PHC than the controls. The limitations of this type of dietary analysis are discussed.
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PMID:Some characteristics of Mozambican Shangaans with primary hepatocellular cancer. 6 57

We have carried out a prospective survey of 28 primary liver carcinomas over one year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the commonest malignancy seen in Rhodesian blacks, which results in a high index of suspicion and accounts for the 96.4% positive diagnosis before death in this study. The age distribution was evenly spread through adult life with no definite peak incidence. Some were young and without evidence of chronic liver disease, but many had the stigmata of established hepatic disease. This contrasts with the common assertion that in areas of high incidence for primary liver cancer those affected are mainly young and lack signs of chronic liver disease. The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and swelling and weight loss. Hepatomegaly, often tender and nodular, was present in all but one. The incidence of alpha-feto protein, 46.5%, is low compared with other countries where primary liver cancer is common. Hepatitis B antigen was absent in all 28, suggesting that there is no association between the persistence of the antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Rhodesia. Liver function tests, although abnormal, were never diagnostic of primary liver cancer. We have confirmed the association of high alcohol consumption and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Rhodesian African. 6 99

19 patients with cancer of the liver treated with palliative irradiation are presented. In five of eleven cases jaundice disappeared (4) or diminished (1). In two of the eight patients with pain as the chief symptom pain disappeared, and in one case the enlarged liver diminished considerably. A total of eight of 19 cases responded to radiation treatment.
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PMID:Radiation treatment of liver metastases. 7 49

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) levels were measured in 381 undiagnosed patients who presented with clinical problems commonly associated with gastrointestinal malignancy. The results were compared with the final diagnosis after follow-up for up to 5 years to see whether C.E.A.-testing added any useful information. Of 307 patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, lower gastrointestinal symptoms, or irom deficiency anaemia, C.E.A. levels greater than 20 ng/ml indicated malignancy in 5 but in 3 of these malignancy was also diagnosed after routine investigation. Of 74 patients presenting with obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, or abnormal liver function, malignancy was diagnosed in 38. In 9 of these patients the diagnosis of malignancy could otherwise have been reached only by laparotomy. The serum-C.E.A. thus reached only by laparotomy. The serum-C.E.A. thus seems to be of value in the assessment of liver disease but not in patients with gastric or colonic symptoms or iron-deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in undiagnosed patients. 8 41

The clinical course of 40 patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma was reviewed. The majority had symptoms and signs suggesting abdominal malignancy; these included abdominal pain, weight loss, tenderness in the right upper quadrant, hepatomegaly, and fever. The most useful diagnostic tests were determination of serum alkaline phosphatase level, sodium sulfobromophthalein (Bromsulphalein) excretion, and liver scan. Prothrombin time and bilirubin levels were normal or only slightly elevated. Celiac angiography was helpful in determining the extent of the disease. Surgical exploration was done in 25% of the cases, but in only 5% was resection attempted. The grim prognosis is indicated by the fact that only 10% of patients were alive six months after admission to the hospital.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinical study. 17 24

During a 23 year period at Memorial Hospital, the diagnosis of liver cell carcinoma was made in 42 patients who were 11 to 40 years old. Ninety per cent were Caucasian, mostly born in the United states. No occupational hazard was detected. Serum hepatitis antigen was demonstrated in only one patient. Alpha fetoprotein was found in the serum of 55 per cent of nine patients tested. Eight-three per cent were Rh positive, 43 per cent were ABO groups, A or O, respectively. Twenty-three per cent of 13 patients with sufficient material for study had an associated cirrhosis. Of these, active hepatitis with cirrhosis was present in one patient; postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in another. Approximately 7 per cent had a history of previous liver disease. One patient had infectious mononucleosis, and nearly 13 per cent gave a family history of cancer. Weight loss or pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant was present in 65 per cent, and hepatomegaly was found in 88 per cent. Only one patient presented with hemoperitoneum simulating an acute condition within abdomen. The liver profile examinations characteristically revealed an elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, and Bromsulphalein retention with normal bilirubin level. The most common finding, upon roentgenographic examination, was an elevated right hemidiaphragm. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography and 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans were both done in 13 patients. There was a 75 per cent accuracy rate in localization of the tumor. At laparotomy, the tumor was found to be confined to one lobe in seven patients and involved both lobes in ten. Twenty-seven patients were thought to have multicentric tumors and 15 unicentric lesions. Only ten were found to be candidates for hepatic lobectomy. Five and ten years survival rates were 20 per cent; the operative mortality rate was 40 per cent. Twenty per cent died within a year, ten per cent, one patient, is alive with disease at 28 months and another is free of disease at 31-months. Paraneoplastic syndromes were erythrocytosis in two patients, terminal stage of hypoglycemia in one patient, and hypocholesterolemia with associated excess beta globulin in one patient.
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PMID:Liver cell carcinoma during the prime of life. 17 34

Malignant mixed tumor of the liver seen in a 4 year old girl was reported. Progressive hepatomegaly, jaundice, anemia, and extraordinarily high level of serum total cholesterol were noted clinically. Postmortem examination had disclosed that most part of the tumor was occupied by fibrosarcomatous cell growth admixed with rhabdomyosarcomatous component. In addition, carcinomatous component was distinctly recognized in a restricted part of the liver tumor. Previous reports on malignant mixed tumor of the liver were reviewed and it was emphasized that the histological diagnosis of malignant hepatic mixed tumor must be cautiously followed Edmondson's criteria; which requires existence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components of neoplastic nature and malignancy of either or both components in a hepatic tumor.
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PMID:Malignant mixed tumor of the liver: report of a case and a review of the literature. 17 60

The effects of long-term administration of nafenopin, a potent hypolipidemic drug with marked hepatomegalic and peroxisome-proliferative properties, were studied in wild-type (Csa strain) and acatalasemic (Csb strain) mice. Nafenopin was administered in the diet at a concentration of 0.1% during the first 12 months and then at 0.05% until the termination of the experiment at 20 months. By 56 weeks, 100% mortality occurred in both male and female wild-type mice, whereas the mortality rate in acatalasemic mice was approximately 50%. Between 18 and 20 months of the experiment, 9 of 9 male and 12 of 12 female acatalasemic mice that survived chronic nafenopin treatment developed hepatocellular carcinomas, some of which metastasized to the lungs. None of the 15 male and 15 female acatalasemic controls developed liver cancers. Numerous peroxisomes were seen in the lung metastases of these hepatocellular carcinomas on electron microscopic examination; in contrast the number of peroxisomes in primary liver tumor cells varied considerably. The hepatocarcinogenicity of nafenopin strongly suggests the need for long-term studies with other hypolipidemic drugs that cause hepatomegaly and peroxisome proliferation to clarify the role, if any, of peroxisome proliferation in liver carcinogenesis.
Cancer Res 1976 Apr
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinomas in acatalasemic mice treated with nafenopin, a hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferator. 17 2

Observations on the clinical effects of venesection therapy in 85 treated, as compared with 26 untreated, patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis showed decreased pigmentation and hepatomegaly together with a return to normal tests of liver function in half the patients who had abnormal tests at presentation. Control improved in 28 per cent of those patients with diabetes mellitus, although some patients developed it during the period of observation, despite venesection. Portal hypertension, testicular atrophy and arthropathy were not improved. In only 12 patients was there sufficient reaccumulation of iron after the initial course of venesection to merit further treatment. Rates of iron accumulation in these patients varied between 1-4 mg and 4-8 mg per day and chelatable iron levels were noted to be inappropriately high in relation to body iron stores during the early stages of the reaccumulation period. Life table data shows that the percentage survival five and ten years after diagnosis was 66 and 32 per cent respectively for the treated patients, and 18 and 6 per cent respectively for the untreated patients, both statistically highly significant differences (p less than 0-01). Possible clinical differences such as age of presentation, the presence of diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, clinical hepatic failure and hepatoma between the treated and untreated groups that might otherwise have weighted survival in favour of the treated group were corrected by the use of covariant analysis. This gave mean log survival values of 4-15 and 2-88 for the treated and untreated patients respectively, equivalent to 63-4 months and 17-8 months, a highly significant difference (p less than 0-01). Ten patients, all of whom had cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis, died of malignant hepatoma between three and 15 years after completing venesection therapy. There was also a high rate of death from neoplasms in a variety of other sites--22 per cent in the venesected group, strikingly higher than that rate predicted for a similarly aged population using national cancer mortality rates.
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PMID:Long term results of venesection therapy in idiopathic haemochromatosis. 18 63

A 45-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed intravascular coagulation following complete tumor regression by chemotherapy is described. After 2 doses of 10 mg of Mitomycin C given into the hepatic artery at the time of selective angiography, and 16 intravenous doses of 5-fluorouracil and Mitomycin C, 2 doses per week, subjective symptoms and hepatomegaly disappeared. Alpha-fetoprotein became negative and a remarkable change in tumor size and vasculature was noted in the arteriogram. Three months after chemotherapy, the patient developed thrombocytopenia, intravascular hemolysis, and acute renal failure. Autopsy disclosed a 8 X 7 X 5 cm solitary, encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma in the right lobe. The tumor was surrounded by a thick capsule and completely necrotized. Neither intrahepatic invasion nor extrahepatic metastasis was observed. In the kidney, generalized fibrin thrombi were seen in the afferent arterioles of glomeruli as accounted for by intravascular coagulation.
Cancer 1978 Jul
PMID:Complete necrotization of hepatocellular carcinoma by chemotherapy and subsequent intravascular coagulation: a case report. 20 57


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