Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
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PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

Eighty previously untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) were analyzed to study the proliferation rate of their peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes to determine its relationship with the extension of the disease and its value in discriminating among patients with similar tumor cell mass. The 80 B-CLL patients were distributed into two different groups according to the absolute count of PB S-phase leukocytes: a low proliferative group (less than 1 x 10(9)/I) of 48 patients and a high proliferative group (greater than or equal to 1 x 10(9)/I) of 32 patients. The high proliferative group displayed a higher incidence of splenomegaly (p less than 0.005), hepatomegaly (p less than 0.08), anemia (p less than 0.02) and thrombocytopenia (p less than 0.03) as well as a higher lymphocytic infiltration both in PB (p less than 0.0004) and in bone marrow (BM) (p less than 0.003). These patients also showed a higher incidence of a diffuse pattern of BM involvement (p less than 0.04), advanced clinical stages [stage III/IV (p less than 0.03) and group C (p less than 0.04)] and infections (p less than 0.0008) together with significantly lower IgG (p less than 0.03) and IgM (p less than 0.03) serum levels. Regarding the immunophenotype, there was a greater percentage of either CD19+ (p less than 0.06) and CD19+ CD5+ (p less than 0.05) B-cells, together with a greater reactivity for both the CD25 (p less than 0.04) and CD9 (p less than 0.08) antigens in the high proliferative group. According to the prognostic value of the PB S-phase leukocyte count it was seen that patients with low S-phase white blood cell (WBC) numbers displayed a significantly higher survival (p less than 0.03). In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that the S-phase WBC count, although partially related to other clinical and biological prognostic factors, displayed an important independent value in predicting early deaths in patients with B-CLL.
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PMID:Prognostic value of S-phase white blood cell count in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 173 13

A review was carried out of 187 previously untreated cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia diagnosed between 1969 and 1988. The median age of the patients was 65 years (range, 36-87). There were 118 males (M/F ratio, 1.7). In accordance with Rai's staging system the patients were distributed as follows: 0.29%; I, 20%; II, 25%; III, 13%; IV, 13%, and according to Binet's staging the distribution was: A, 55%; B, 21%; C, 24%. The most frequently found physical findings were lymph node enlargement (55%), splenomegaly (32%) and hepatomegaly (28%). Anaemia was present in 20% of the cases and thrombocytopenia in 13%. The mean lymphocyte count was 62 x 10(9)/L (range, 6-475 x 10(9)/L). Bone marrow infiltration of over 80% was seen in 46% of the patients. Bone marrow biopsy was performed on 97 patients, the diffuse pattern of involvement being most commonly found (44%). Increased BUN (55%), alkaline phosphatase (42%) and LDH (38%) were the most frequent biochemical alterations. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was present in 55% of the patients, IgM being the most commonly affected immunoglobulin (66%). Monoclonal gammopathy was seen in 4% of the cases. LDT, measured in 75 patients, was less than a year in 32%. No antileukaemic drugs were needed in 34% of the patients. When concluding this study, 100 patients had died. The median survival was 57 months and death was related to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 53% of such patients.
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PMID:[Chronic lymphatic leukemia. I. Clinico-biological features and survival analysis. Study of 187 patients]. 177 6

A study of the characteristics of childhood thalassemia was conducted at the Sub Department of Pediatric Hematology, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital from June 1979 to May 1989. There were 131 cases, consisting of 75 (57.25%) boys and 56 (42.75%) girls with an average of 12 admission every year. The predominant age group was 0-2 years, and the youngest was 3 months old. Javanese ethnic group appeared predominant in 36 (63.15%) cases. Clinical symptoms of anemia were found in 112 (85.49%), hepatomegaly in 91 (69.46%), hepatosplenomegaly in 84 (64.12%), without enlargement of organ in 17 (12.97%), and icterus in 6 (4.58%). Hb-Electrophoresis was done in 42 cases, revealing 26 (61.90%) with thalassemia major, 15 (35.71%) Hb E thalassemia, and 1 (2.20%) Hb H thalassemia. Hb value at the first admission in 65 (49.62%) was less than 5 g/dl, in 63 (48.09%) it was 5-10 g/dl and in 3 (2.29%) more than 10 g/dl.
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PMID:The pattern of thalassemia in children at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. 178 Jan 65

Clinicopathological findings of six cases of Hairy cell leukaemia are presented. All the patients were males, the age ranged between 32-57 years. Complications of anaemia and neutropenia were common modes of presentation. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were present in all the cases whereas only 2 patients had lymphadenopathy. Severe pancytopenia was detected in 3 cases and circulating hairy cells were present in all the cases. Trephine biopsy done in all six patients was found to be diagnostic. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase was detected in the hairy cells of 2 cases.
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PMID:A clinico-pathological study of six cases of hairy cell leukaemia. 179 14

The clinicopathological features of five fatal cases of diffuse haemangiomatosis presenting in neonatal life or early infancy are presented. The infants all had multiple skin haemangiomas as well as deep-seated lesions in many different tissues that caused protean clinical manifestations and management problems. Because the outlook may be improved by early diagnosis and application of new modes of treatment, any infant with multiple cutaneous haemangiomas should be closely assessed for possible visceral involvement. Development of hepatomegaly, high-output cardiac failure, unexplained anaemia or thrombocytopenia in these infants should immediately suggest disseminated disease. Early recognition with implementation of steroid and/or antiangiogenic therapy, embolization and/or surgery is essential to improve the chances of survival.
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PMID:Diffuse infantile haemangiomatosis: clinicopathological features and management problems in five fatal cases. 139

Budd-Chiari syndrome is an unusual form of portal hypertension, resulting from partial or total obstruction of the major hepatic veins or of inferior vena cava. This is illustrated by the clinical history of a two year old girl admitted by anemia, hepatomegaly, thrombocytopenia, pleural effusion, ascites and ultrasonographic, scintigraphic and angiographic evidence os suprahepatic veins and inferior vena cava obstruction. Liver biopsy showed signs of chronic congestion and fibrosis. Initial manifestation of illness may be acute or, as in this patient, with an insidious onset of symptoms. Medical therapy gives usually poor results. Several surgical approaches have been tried to alleviate liver congestion, which in this case was intended by a 6 mm wide Goretex ringed tube prosthesis extending from superior mesenteric vein throughout right atrium. Patency of the artificial shunt was proven after several days by Doppler ultrasound but the patient died of pneumonia two months after operation.
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PMID:[Budd-Chiari syndrome]. 184 28

The present study was conducted to determine the dermal toxicity of coal coprocessing products and to assess their potential health hazards. Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered dermally coal coprocessing products (light gas oil, LGO; heavy gas oil I, HGOI; heavy gas oil II, HGOII) at 1 g/kg body weight/d for 14 d. The control and positive control groups received normal saline and a coal liquefaction product (CLP) at the same dose level, respectively. Treatment with either the three fractions of coprocessing products or CLP caused decreased growth rate and food consumption in animals of both sexes. Liver enlargement occurred in groups treated with HGOI, HGOII, and CLP. Decreased serum glucose was observed in animals of both sexes treated with the three fractions and CLP. Treatment with HGOI and CLP caused an elevation of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity in the rat of both sexes. The three fractions and CLP caused mild anemia. Mild treatment-related histological changes were observed in the liver, spleen, thyroid, bone marrow, and kidney. All three fractions of coprocessing products were tested for their mutagenicity in five strains of Salmonella typhimurium: TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538. HGOI, after metabolic activation, was found to be mutagenic in the strains of TA98, TA100, and TA1538. In contrast, HGOII was mutagenic in the five strains with or without metabolic activation. These data indicate that HGOI and HGOII are more toxic than LGO, and should be subjected to further studies to determine their long-term effects.
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PMID:Short-term dermal toxicity and mutagenicity of coal coprocessing products in the rat. 185 79

Failure to thrive may not be a result of organ disease, physical abuse, or intentional neglect. We describe an infant who developed kwashiorkor with a high-fat, low-protein, nondairy coffee creamer diet. The elimination diet was administered on the advice of a family friend for a facial rash. The child presented at 10 months of age with decreased weight for height, rash, hepatomegaly, edema, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, hypoglycemia, and evidence of hepatic sequestration of lipids. A rapid recovery of biochemical abnormalities was evident on reinstitution of a full diet. An intellectual assessment at age 5 years showed normal results.
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PMID:Nondairy-creamer-induced kwashiorkor: 5-year follow-up. 186 86

Twenty five consecutive patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) who underwent diagnostic laparatomy (DL) are reviewed. There were 14 females and 11 males, with a mean age of 34 years. The main symptoms and signs besides fever were malaise, weight loss, varied abdominal complaints, peripheral lymph nodes enlargement, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The main laboratory abnormalities were: anemia, leukocytosis, and mild alterations in liver function tests. CT scan was performed in 14 patients: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and or retroperitoneal nodes were found in 10 of them. During laparotomy, an extensive exploration of intra-abdominal organs was performed, taking multiple biopsies for histopathologic and microbiologic analysis. Splenectomy was performed in 17 patients, prophylactic appendectomy in four, and cholecistectomy in one. Laparotomy was useful to establish a diagnosis in 64 percent of cases. The most frequently diagnosed pathologies were lymphoma and tuberculosis. Postoperative morbidity was 12% and mortality was 4%. Mean follow-up was 29 months. When preoperative data were analyzed, no predictive factors were found for a laparotomy with diagnostic success. It is concluded that DL is a useful last-step procedure in the diagnostic work-up for patients with FUO.
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PMID:Diagnostic laparotomy in fever of unknown origin. 186 93


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