Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019209 (hepatomegaly)
 5,798 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrionic abortion was diagnosed in sheep on 48 occasions between 1963-65 and 3 of these were associated with other major abortion pathogens. The outbreaks were scattered throughout the agricultural area of Western Australia. Time-of-death of 91 infected lambs was: ante-parturient death 50.5%, parturient death 13.2% and post-parturient death 36.3% (deaths occurring immediately after death 28.6%, deaths delayed after death 2.2%, and late post-parturient death 5.5%). The majority of lambs had gross lesions, mainly subcutaneous oedema and excess fluid and fibrin in the serous cavities. The characteristic gross liver foci were present in 37.4% of the infected lambs examined. Seven lambs with signs of starvation had liver lesions: necrotic foci (6) and hepatomegaly (1); Campylobacter fetus subsp. intestinalis was recovered from the liver and/or gall bladder of each of the lambs. Epizootiological observations were reported including outbreaks under hot semi-arid conditions.
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PMID:Perinatal lamb mortality in Western Australia: 5. Vibrionic infection. 116 66

An outbreak of abortion in cows occurring in Niigata Prefecture was shown to be caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Elementary bodies characteristic of Chlamydia were found in the liver of aborted fetuses and C. psittaci antigen was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. Chlamydia was isolated from the liver of aborted fetuses by the yolk sac inoculation of developing chick embryos and by the intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs. Abortion occurred mostly in middle or late pregnancy. Aborted fetuses showed subcutaneous edema and gelatinous infiltration, enlarged liver and spleen, and dark red pleural and ascitic fluid. Focal necrosis was shown in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Serological findings and isolation of Chlamydia from fecal specimens indicated a wide dissemination of C. psittaci among cows in the area.
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PMID:Abortion in Japanese cows caused by Chlamydia psittaci. 177 49

A case history of a 23-year old woman with criminal abortion complicated by septic shock and acute kidney insufficiency is reported. 2 days after abortion, the patient developed high fever, chills, uterine hemorrhage, abdominal and muscle pain, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Gynecological examination showed hypertrophy of the cervix uteri, enlargement of the uterus, and the presence of bloody secretion. Urine culture indicated the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to amikain. Clinical diagnosis was of septic shock and acute kidney insufficiency, and the patient underwent laparotomy followed by total extirpation of the uterus with adnexa. Histological examination of the uterus indicated suppurative-necrotic endometritis without signs of pregnancy. Postoperatively, the patient received hemodialysis in combination with antibiotics, corticosteroids, blood transfusions, and vitamins. She was discharged on day 53 after the onset of disease. It was concluded that criminal abortion can lead to severe septic shock and acute kidney insufficiency requiring intensive conservative therapy.
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PMID:[Septic shock following a criminal intervention on the nonpregnant uterus]. 321 83

The characteristics features of right-sided endocarditis are summarized in this case report of a 30-year-old female admitted with a history of high grade, continuous, fever, breathlessness, and dry cough over a 10-day period. The patient had had an incomplete abortion 15 days earlier for which dilatation and curettage was performed. On examination, the patient was toxic, febrile with a pulse of 118/minute and respiration 36/minute. Her blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. There was soft, tender hepatomegaly and soft splenomegely. There also were scattered coarse crepitations over both lungs. The vaginal examination revealed posterior fornicial bogginess and tenderness. Urine and cervical pus swab showed growth of klebsiella. The blood culture was negative. A plan chest X-ray revealed multiple, small, basal, pulmonary infiltrates. Posterior colopuncture revealed a small quantity of clear, yellowish fluid. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography revealed an ill-defined haziness in the parauterine region. The patient was treated with ampicillin, gentamycin, and metronidazole, but she continued to deteriorate. An urgent exploratory laparotomy was performed. The patient died on the 2nd postoperative day. The autopsy findings revealed that the heart was normal in size and shape. The tricuspid valve showed a large vegetation projecting into the ventricle. Microscopic examination revealed polymorphonuclear infiltration with clumps of gram-negative bacillifocal areas of myocarditis also were seen. In lungs the right lower lobe showed a small, hemorrhagic infarct. Both the liver and spleen were congested. Kidneys showed multiple petechiae on the external surface and on the cut section. Endocarditis during pregnancy may be because of perinatal infections, urinary tract infection, or septic thrombophlebitis of pelvi veins. Septic abortion of pelvic infection secondary to IUD also can provide portal of entry for bacteria. The common organisms are streptococcus, staphylococci, and occasionally bacteroides and gram negative bacilli. Clinical suspicion of right-sided endocarditis is justified in any patient with prolonged fever, cough, pleuritic pain, tachycardia, and multiple pulmonary infiltrates. Heart murmurs are usually absent and if present are soft and may be heard at atypical sites.
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PMID:Tricuspid valve endocarditis following septic abortion. 371 Oct 12

The thalassaemias are genetic syndromes brought about by a low or nil synthesis of one or more of the main globinic chains and by consequent imbalance of the normal ratio between alpha and non-alpha chains. Three basic pictures can be distinguished: (1) microcythemia or thalassaemia minima, the expression of heterozygosis for one microcythemic gene, which includes beta, delta beta and alpha microcythemias. Subjects are healthy but very often pale and asthenic, (2) intermediate thalassaemia, very similar to thalassaemia major, though a less severe disease. It is the expression of the presence of microythemic geness which results in a globin synthesis imbalance less marked than that of the thalassaemia major. The patients are frankly anemic and more or less pronounced hyperhemolysis (but they only need sporadic transfusions, usually at adult age), and present splenomegaly often of a considerable extent and hepatomegaly. Their physical growth and reproductive capacity are normal or nearly so and they attain the fifth or sixth decade of life. Two varieties of this syndrome have been identified, namely beta-intermediate thalassaemias (or Rietti-Greppi-Micheli's disease or also constitutional microcythemic anemia) and alpha-intermediate thalassaemias (or Hb H disease); (3) thalassaemia major or Cooley's anemia or Mediterranean anemia, the expression of homozygosis for severe genes of microcythemia which results in a marked globin synthesis imbalance; this is a so severe disease that not treated patients usually die when they are three-four years old. Nowadays, however, prognosis, clinical course and life expectancy of these patients are considerably improved so that they usually attain the third decade of age in relatively fair conditions. There are available three fundamental therapeutic actions: blood transfusions carried out at very short intervals; splenectomy which allows to reduce the rhythm of the blood transfusion regimen; the iron chelating therapy which delays the onset of the iron overloading in the organism. Finally, it is possible the prevention of this disease by preventing the procreation between microcythemics and by prenatal identification of Cooley's foetuses followed by thier selective abortion.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of thalassemia (or microcythemia)]. 730 Nov 67

The case is described of a 53-year old woman who had given birth three times and had undergone one abortion. After she was treated as an outpatient because of back pain in the lower waist area suppuration occurred from a fistula laterally right to the sacral bone in the area of the buttocks triangle, which persisted even after several outpatient surgical interventions. In addition, she had experienced a weight loss of 24 kg. At admission she had a temperature of 39 degrees Celsius, anemia, and leukocytosis. Sonography indicated slight hepatomegaly, hydroureter, right-sided hydronephrosis, and an right ovarian cyst of 4 cm size. Computer tomography showed a blurry structure that extended from the right kidney pole along the M. iliopsoas caudally up to the small pelvis, pressing against the organs caudally-ventrally, which also broke through dorsally between the lumbar region vertebrae and pelvis in the gluteal region percutaneously. The process was categorized as a frank paranephritis prolapsus abscess. Cessation of urine was determined. Laparotomy was carried out because of the suspicion of an inflammatory adnexal disease with parametritis. The uterus, including both adnexa as well as the conglomeration tumor, were removed. In the uterine cavity a Dana Cor IUD was found that had been inserted 13 years before and forgotten by the patient. At the site of the right adnexum there was a tumor (9 x 6 x 5 cu. cm) as well as a tube changed by inflammation (7 x 1.5 sq. cm). On the right side there was unspecific, suppurative salpingitis and in the ovary an abscess formation on the grounds of actinomycosis. On the left side there was only a suppurative inflammation of the tube without actinomycosis sediment. Immediately a high-dose antibiotic therapy (Penicillin G, 10 million IU) was started, lasting for 1 year. The kidney cessation with the back complaints rapidly disappeared. The cutaneous fistulae healed with scarring, however, a fully normal right-sided kidney function could not be restored.
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PMID:[Tumorous actinomycosis of the pelvis with in situ intrauterine device]. 830 17

We report a Turkish family with parental consanguinity and at risk for sialidosis type II, an inherited autosomal recessive disorder caused by lysosomal alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (sialidase, NEU1) deficiency. The proband was a premature male infant that presented with hydrops, hepatomegaly, respiratory distress syndrome, and anemia and that died of respiratory insufficiency 2 months after birth despite intensive care. An abnormally increased [14C]methylamine incorporation and an isolated deficiency of lysosomal alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase were found in cultured skin fibroblasts. A previous pregnancy of the mother terminated in a spontaneous abortion in the 13th week of gestation. A successive pregnancy showed hydrops fetalis, and an enzymatic assay of cultured amniotic fluid cells indicated a deficiency of alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase. Following pregnancy termination at 20 weeks gestation, light microscopy of fetal tissues revealed classic vacuolation not only in liver, bone marrow, brain, and kidney, but also in endocrine organs such as the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, hypophysis, and testes, and in the thymus. DNA analysis of the family showed that both the proband and the third sibling had a novel homozygous nonsense point mutation at nucleotide 87 in exon 1 of the alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (neu1) gene causing a substitution of tryptophan at codon 29 by a termination codon (W29X). DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products identified the parents as heterozygous carriers. To detect neu1 mRNA expression, a real-time reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction was performed, and similar rates of neu1 mRNA expression were found in the fibroblasts of the fetus, the 2nd sibling, and in controls. The very early termination codon with complete loss of neuraminidase activity is probably the molecular basis of the unusually severe vacuolation pattern in this form of congenital sialidosis.
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PMID:Prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology in a Turkish family harboring a novel nonsense mutation in the lysosomal alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (sialidase) gene. 1170 24

60 cases of endotoxic shock in obstetrics and gynecology in a 7 year period, January 1974 to December 1980 in Nigeria are reviewed. The most common and causative conditions were septic abortion, puerperal sepsis and pyelonephritis in pregnancy. The commonest cultured organism was Eschericha Coli. There were 33 deaths, giving a mortality rate of 55%, which falls within the range reported in the literature. The mortality rate in the institution where this study was conducted has shown a downward trend. Early surgery is advocated in those cases with infected retained products of conception and pyoperitoneum, and more liberal use of steroids, hypertonic glucose solution and digoxin, especially in patients with cardiac decompensation. The patients of the sample met the following criteria: 1) the occurrence of hypotension with consistent reading of 80/50 mm Hg or less; 2) demonstrable evidence of infection as determined by fever, hematological and bacteriological studies; and 3) the presence of persistent tachycardia. Conditions related to pregnancy accounted for 50% of of all cases. A significant finding was that 14 out of 18 patients with induced abortion had it at 2 weeks before admission. A majority of the patients in this study had subnormal temperature. The presence of jaundice, pneumonia, persistent oliguria and hepatomegaly are ominous signs accompanied by high mortality. Pulmonary factors in shock are important in determining patient survival as well as lung functions afterwards. The mortality in endotoxic shock remains high despite widespread use of fluids, antibiotic and steroid therapy, indicating that eliminating bacteria and restoring blood pressure are not the only considerations in treating shock. Insufficient nutrition may contribute to cardiorespiratory deterioration in the acutely ill patient; important physiological variables are improved by administration of hypertonic glucose solution, which leads to increased clearance of E. Coli from the blood.
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PMID:Contribution of endotoxic shock to gynaecological and maternal morbidity and mortality. 1226 57

The aglycone forms of three steroidal glycoalkaloids-solanidine (derived by hydrolytic removal of the carbohydrate side chain from the potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine), solasodine (derived from solasonine in eggplants) and tomatidine (derived from alpha-tomatine in tomatoes)-were evaluated for their effects on liver weight increase (hepatomegaly) in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and on fecundity in pregnant mice fed for 14 days on a diet containing 2.4 mmol/kg of aglycone. In non-pregnant mice, observed ratios of % liver weights to body weights (%LW/BWs) were significantly greater than those of the control values as follows (all values in % vs matched controls+/-S.D.): solanidine, 25.5+/-13.2; solasodine 16.8+/-12.0; and tomatidine, 6.0+/-7.1. The corresponding increases in pregnant mice were: solanidine, 5.3+/-10.7; solasodine, 33.1+/-15.1; tomatidine, 8.4+/-9.1. For pregnant mice (a) body weight gains were less with the algycones than with controls: solanidine, -36.1+/-14.5; solasodine, -17.9+/-14.3; tomatidine, -11.9+/-18.1; (b) litter weights were less than controls: solanidine, -27.0+/-17.1; solasodine, -15.5+/-16.8; tomatidine, no difference; (c) the %LTW/BW ratio was less than that of the controls and was significant only for solasodine, -8.7+/-13.7; and (d) the average weight of the fetuses was less than the controls: solanidine, -11.2+/-15.2; solasodine, -11.4+/-9.4; tomatidine, no difference. Abortion of fetuses occurred in five of 24 pregnant mice on the solanidine and none on the other diets. To obtain evidence for possible mechanisms of the observed in vivo effects, the four glycoalkaloids (alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, solasonine and alpha-tomatine) mentioned above and the aglycones solanidine and tomatidine were also evaluated in in vitro assays for estrogenic activity. Only solanidine at 10 microM concentration exhibited an increase in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Generally, the biological effects of solanidine differ from those of the parent potato glycoalkaloids. Possible mechanisms of these effects and the implication of the results for food safety and plant physiology are discussed.
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PMID:Effect of feeding solanidine, solasodine and tomatidine to non-pregnant and pregnant mice. 1245 29

A 32-year-old woman was referred complaining of abdominal pain and bleeding at 18 weeks' gestation. The striking finding on ultrasound examination was of symmetrically enlarged echogenic fetal lungs. In addition, mediastinal compression, increased echogenicity of the kidneys and bowel, an enlarged liver of decreased echogenicity, and hydrops fetalis, as evidenced by ascites and skin edema, were all present. The differential diagnosis included upper respiratory tract obstruction and cystic kidney disease. The presence of fetal hydrops together with the other findings suggested a poor outcome, and on these grounds therapeutic abortion was recommended and performed. Subsequent postmortem findings explained all the ultrasound abnormalities on the basis of extensive fetal candida infection. The presence of a retained intrauterine contraceptive device was considered to be the likely cause and the implications of this, together with the ultrasound abnormalities and differential diagnoses, are discussed.
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PMID:Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal candida infection: a complication of a retained intrauterine contraceptive device. 1279 12


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