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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To demonstrate the usefulness of iron colloid-enhanced MR images in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from hyperplastic nodules (HN), microautoradiographs of chemically induced rat liver tumours were prepared 4 h after intravenous injection of chondroitin sulphate iron colloid (CSIC) labelled with 59Fe by the dipping technique. 20 Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: (1) a normal group, 10; (2) an HN group, 5; and (3) a liver cancer (LC) group, 5. In the I.C group, a diet containing 0.06% 3'-methydiaminobenzine tetrahydro-chloride (DAB) was administered for 3 months. In the HN group, a diet containing 0.025% acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was administered for 4 months. Non-labelled CSIC was intravenously injected into five rats in the normal group, and pseudomicroautoradiographs were prepared using the same technique (normal cold group). 50 sites for examination were randomly selected for each of the normal liver tissue, HN, well-differentiated HCC (HCC-W), and moderately to poorly-differentiated HCC (HCC-MP). The number of Kupffer cell-like macrophages and the photosensitized area ratio (PAR) per field of view were calculated. There was no significant difference in either the number of Kupffer cell-like macrophages or the PAR between HN and normal liver tissue. Although there was no significant difference in the number of these cells between groups HN and HCC-W, the PAR in group HCC-W was significantly lower than that in group HN (p = 0.045). In HCC-MP, both their number (p = 0.003) and the PAR (p = 1.18 x 10(-9)) were significantly lower than in group HCC-W. However, the PAR in HCC-MP was significantly higher than those in the normal cold group (p = 0.019). Iron colloid-enhanced MRI is useful for differentiating HCC from HN, and for diagnosing the degree of HCC differentiation.
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PMID:Usefulness of iron colloid-enhanced MRI in differentiating experimental hepatocellular carcinoma from hyperplastic nodules in rats: analysis by microautoradiography. 913 70

The purpose of this paper is to clarify whether copper accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cause of high intensity signal pattern on T1-weighted images (T1-WI) by comparing the histologically proven copper accumulation with MR images. Forty-five surgically resected HCCs were analyzed. Distribution patterns of divalent copper by a modified Timm's method on their maximum cut surfaces were compared with signal patterns on corresponding T1-WI. The degree of copper accumulation in tumor compared with surrounding liver tissue was higher in 6 lesions, equal in 17 lesions, and lower in 22 lesions. High intensity pattern on T1-WI were observed in 3 of 6 lesions (50%), 10 of 17 lesions (59%), and 10 of 22 lesions (45%). Distribution patterns of copper were not correlated with intensity patterns on T1-WI. We conclude that the paramagnetic effect of divalent copper accumulation in HCC is insufficient to influence the MRI.
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PMID:Influence of copper on MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma. 917 30

We conducted a retrospective study on the relation of the preoperative imaging patterns to the prognosis of patients with small HCC after hepatectomy. Forty patients with small HCC less than 2 cm in diameter without vascular invasion were enrolled in this study. There were no significant differences in the signal intensity of T1WI on MRI, and angiographic findings such as neo-vascularity or tumor stain. Ultrasonographical images of the internal of tumor were classified into two groups. Six cases with homogeneous pattern were significantly worse in cumulative survival rate than 28 cases with heterogeneous pattern (p = 0.0012). The same results were obtained with respect to limitation of cases treated by relative curative operation (p = 0.0041). It was concluded that histopathological grading and malignant potential of small HCC could be evaluated by classification of the pattern of internal ultrasonographical images, and complete locoregional therapy, and that intense course observation for cases with ultrasonographical homogeneous pattern would be important.
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PMID:[Prognosis and preoperative imaging of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma]. 938 17

We report the experience of our general hospital in selecting the patients for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Fifty-one patients with cirrhosis were examined and 20 of them submitted to OLT from August, 1992, to November, 1995. For liver studies, the 20 transplant recipients were examined with US and plain and dynamic CT; 15/20 were submitted to CTAP, 10/20 to Lipiodol CT and 17/20 to angiography. The accuracy of these techniques in HCC detection was assessed by correlation with resected whole livers. The accuracy of duplex Doppler and color flow Doppler for portal and/or mesenteric vein thrombosis was evaluated by correlation with resected livers, CT and angiographic findings. Pathologic examinations diagnosed HCC in 5/20 transplant recipients: 2 lesions (1.5 cm and 2 cm; 2 cm and 3.5 cm) were found in 2 resected specimens (total hepatectomy) and 1 lesion was found in 3 cases (2.5 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm). The sensitivity of US, plain and dynamic CT in identifying HCC patients was 20%; US and CT specificity rates were 100% and 87%, respectively. CTAP sensitivity was 75% and the sensitivity of Lipiodol CT and angiography was 100%. Therefore, in our series, US was poorly sensitive in the detection of liver cancers, which may depend on the small number of patients, lesion size (< or = 3.5 cm) and the radiologists ignoring clinical and laboratory data on purpose. Nevertheless, the patients with a single HCC not exceeding 5 cm phi or with no more than 3 tumors, none of them exceeding 3 cm phi, are generally considered eligible for transplantation: therefore, our patients chosen for OLT on the basis of US and CT findings were actually eligible for transplantation in spite of US and CT false negative results. At US, the portal vein had an average caliber of 13.5 +/- 2.5 mm in 21/51 patients; the average caliber of the common hepatic artery was 6 +/- 1.5 mm in 49/51 patients; average spleen length was 174 +/- 38 mm. US showed ascites in 28/51 cases. In conclusion, considering also the long stand-by list for OLT, the first selection of transplant candidates could be performed with US and color flow Doppler, plain and dynamic CT. The patients who are ruled out as candidates for OLT on the basis of the findings of these imaging techniques and of clinical and laboratory findings are submitted to no further examination and referred to the transplantation unit. Otherwise, if conventional and color flow Doppler US and conventional CT are not enough to exclude a patient from OLT, the subject is submitted to more invasive (angiography, CTAP, Lipiodol CT) or less widespread (spiral CT, MRI) techniques.
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PMID:[Diagnostic imaging in the selection of candidates to orthotopic transplantation of the liver. Experience at a hospital lacking a transplantation department]. 941 19

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a rare benign mass that is often misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma at preoperative imaging. We report a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver with special emphasis on the appearance at MRI after administration of mangafodipir trisodium. On T1-weighted images the lesion was slightly hypointense relative to the liver, and on T2-weighted images it was isointense with a hyperintense capsule. No tumor enhancement was seen on T1-weighted images after administration of mangafodipir trisodium. MRI with mangafodipir trisodium might help to distinguish inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver from hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: MRI with mangafodipir trisodium. 944 66

The optimum conditions for iron colloid enhanced fast spin echo (FSE) in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma have not been clearly established as yet. MRI was performed on 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (45 nodules) before and after administration of chondroitin sulphate iron colloid (CSIC). One type of conventional spin echo (CSE) (TR/TE = 1800/80) was then quantitatively and qualitatively compared with three types of FSE (FSE 1800 (TR/effective TE/echo factor = 1800/90/7); FSE 7 (3500/90/7); and FSE 11 (3500/99/11)). The liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was significantly decreased after CSIC administration in all sequences, while the tumour-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was significantly increased. Although the decreased ratio of the liver SNR was smaller on the three FSE sequences compared with CSE, the increased ratio of the tumour-to-liver CNR was higher on the FSE sequences. The highest increase of the tumour-to-liver CNR was on the FSE 7 sequence. The number of detectable tumours, both before and after the administration of CSIC, was largest on FSE 7. In conclusion, FSE with longer TR and TE, and decreased echo factor, was especially useful for CSIC enhanced liver MRI.
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PMID:Optimum conditions for iron colloid enhanced fast spin echo imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma. 948 42

Nineteen patients with nervous system metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated retrospectively. Nervous system metastasis was frequently initial presentation of HCC (seven out of 19 patients). Seven patients had metastases of the brain, of whom four had a stroke-like presentation. CT or MRI in these patients showed intracerebral hematomas in watershed areas. Enhancing lesion or edema adjacent to the hematoma helped differentiate these lesions from classical hypertensive hematomas. One patient with metastasis to the clivus presented with isolated six nerve palsy. The remaining 11 patients had spinal epidural metastases producing myelopathy in seven and radiculopathy in four. Radiation therapy failed to control the clinical course.
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PMID:Nervous system involvement by metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. 952 30

Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI of whole liver using the spectrally selected enhanced fast gradient recall sequence (spec IR-efgre3d) was performed in five patients with HCC. Ten HCC nodules were confirmed by CTA, CTAP and Lipiodol CT, and all of them were detected with dynamic MRI. MIP images reconstructed from 3D gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR studies clearly showed the main portal vein and its branches in all cases. Portal vein thrombosis was also demonstrated with the MIP images.
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PMID:[Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI of whole liver using spectrally selected enhanced fast gradient recall sequence]. 955 53

Hepatic lesions with delayed enhancement are sometimes encountered on gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the liver. This study illustrates the varied appearances of several pathologic entities with delayed enhancement, including hepatic hemangioma, hepatic metastases, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic abscess, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and presents the utility of arterial-phase dynamic MRI in the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Possible causes of these delayed enhancements are also discussed.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors with delayed enhancement at gadolinium-enhanced MRI: a pictorial essay. 955 29

Virus hepatitis and liver cirrhosis are found at high incidence in Asia, and they require not only biochemical examination of blood but also subsequent imaging, because they are often complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is, therefore, very important to know the specific appearances of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC when we diagnose these diffuse liver diseases. Liver necrosis due to severe hepatitis is seen as high intensity on T2-weighted spin echo images. Regeneration is seen as low intensity on T2-weighted images. Morphologic and pathologic changes of cirrhotic liver are well demonstrated by MR imaging techniques. Fibrotic septum with inflammatory cell infiltration or rich pseudo bile duct show high intensity on T2-weighted images, and regenerating nodules shows low intensity. Gradient echo images show regenerating nodules with iron deposition as low-intensity nodules due to susceptibility artifact. MRI also has the potential to evaluate function of diffuse liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatitis. MRI can visualize and diagnose HCC objectively. Dynamic MRI is very useful for diagnosing HCC. It is also applied for evaluation of effect after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, because it shows enhancement only in the viable region at an arterial phase. MRI is less invasive and is thus an extremely important form of liver imaging.
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PMID:Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma. 956 61


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