Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A chemical-shift selective (CHESS) 19F MR imaging technique was used to map selectively the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its major catabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) in tumor-bearing rats. The pulse sequence employed a CHESS RF saturation pulse to suppress either the 5-FU or the FBAL resonance before the other component in the two-line 19F MR spectra was measured. Selective 5-FU and FBAL images with a spatial resolution of 10 x 10 x 15 mm3 (1.5 ml) were obtained in 40 min from six ACl rats with implanted Morris hepatoma. Because the transmitter frequency could always be set to the Larmor frequency of the 19F resonance employed for imaging, the images were free of chemical-shift artifacts in readout and slice-selection direction. Whereas FBAL appeared only in the liver, the kidneys, and the bladder, 5-FU could also be detected in all major organs and in the muscular system. In the Morris hepatomas, a small 5-FU uptake and no FBAL accumulation were measured. The CHESS 19F MRI technique provides useful physiological and biochemical data on the biodistribution of the antineoplastic drug 5-FU and on the different catabolic activities of the tissues.
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PMID:Mapping the biodistribution and catabolism of 5-fluorouracil in tumor-bearing rats by chemical-shift selective 19F MR imaging. 750 Aug 66

In this review, the current approach to the screening, diagnostic evaluation, staging, and treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is outlined. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and abdominal ultrasonography (US) remain the cornerstones of screening protocols for HCC. Other serum marker proteins, such as abnormal serum prothrombin (PIVKA-II), when used in conjunction with AFP, can increase the yield for HCC. For diagnosis and staging of HCC, other imaging modalities employed include CT scan, infusion hepatic angiography, CT with arterial portography or iodized oil enhancement, MRI with contrast enhancement, intraoperative US, and US-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy. Treatment options which have afforded some improvement in survival and tumor regression include surgical resection, orthotopic liver transplantation, percutaneous injection of ethanol, arterial chemoembolization, cryotherapy, and systemic or regional chemotherapy. Despite these advances, the diagnosis of HCC still portends a dismal prognosis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: update on diagnosis and treatment. 758 35

Twenty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were studied by dynamic sequential inversion recovery snap shot fast low angle shot (FLASH) imaging after the bolus injection of various amounts of Gd-DTPA. We determined the optimal dose of Gd-DTPA for depicting tumors as early marked enhancement and compared the method with dynamic CT by matching data acquisition time. The optimal dose was estimated to be 0.1 mmol/kg. Compared with dynamic CT, dynamic MRI showed rapid short-term enhancement in the early phase, while the contrast enhancement in the late phase lasted longer and was stronger than that of CT.
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PMID:Basic analysis of dynamic study in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma using inversion recovery snap shot FLASH MR imaging with Gd-DTPA. 766 15

We investigated the long-term persistence and short-term stability of globus pallidus (GP) hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI in 19 cirrhotic patients. After a mean interval of 25.8 months, the hyperintensity of the GP persisted in 17 patients. Hyperintensity disappeared in two patients with hepatocarcinoma, indicating that hyperintensity can revert to normal in circumstances other than liver transplants. Ten patients participated in a 6-month study with repeated evaluations of GP signal intensity, plasma ammonia levels, and selected neuropsychological tests. The GP signal was fairly stable during the follow-up, and the variables considered maintained significant relationships. GP hyperintensity appears as a stable indicator of the functional status of cirrhotic patients.
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PMID:Persistence of MRI hyperintensity of the globus pallidus in cirrhotic patients: a 2-year follow-up study. 774 23

A variety of diffuse and focal disease processes affect the liver. MRI is likely the imaging modality of choice for investigation of patients suspected of having diffuse disease such as cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, or fatty infiltration. MRI is extremely effective at detecting and characterizing focal hepatic lesions. In particular, patients suspected of possessing hemangiomas, hepatocellular carcinoma, or hypervascular liver metastases are better evaluated by MRI than other imaging modalities. Immediate post gadolinium spoiled gradient echo and T2-weighted fat suppressed spin echo are very effective at lesion detection, whereas serial post gadolinium spoiled gradient echo is essential for lesion characterization. New fast T2-weighted sequences and tissue specific contrast agents may further increase the role of liver MRI by shortening exam time and increasing sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. 777 72

Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common lesion of the liver. Because of the risk of hemorrhage inherent in percutaneous biopsy of such lesions, noninterventional modalities (such as CT, ultrasound, MRI and Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging) have been utilized for differentiating them from other lesions. The sensitivities and specificities of these techniques vary greatly. Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging with planar and SPECT imaging has been shown to have an overall sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 100%, and an overall accuracy of 92%. Despite its high accuracy, rare false positives have been reported with Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging with SPECT. Review of the literature indicates four cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, one case of hepatic angiosarcoma, and one case of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma as having an appearance identical to hemangioma with this modality. We present an additional false positive of a focal region of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with Gaucher's disease as having an appearance on Technetium-99m red blood cell imaging with SPECT identical to that of hemangioma.
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PMID:Intrahepatic, extramedullary hematopoiesis mimicking hemangioma on technetium-99m red blood cell SPECT examination. 777 82

We reported a case in which 99mTc-PMT scintigraphy was useful in diagnosing orbital metastasis of HCC. The case involved a 70 y.o. male, who had undergone nine transcatheter arterial embolizations over two years because of HCC and who had a past history of gastric cancer. The patient had complained of headache and visual disturbance for two months. Cranial CT and MRI studies showed a large homogeneous mass with remarkable bone destruction in the right lateral orbital wall. Because AFP was elevated, orbital metastasis of HCC was suspected, and 99mTc-PMT scanning was performed. On the planar and SPECT images, very high uptake was found in the right orbital tumor. The FDG-PET study showed remarkable hypermetabolism in the medial portion of tumor and follow-up MRI revealed that the tumor had expanded and invaded to the medial side of the orbit. 99mTc-PMT scanning was critical in diagnosing this case of orbital metastasis, and FDG-PET imaging was useful in determining the most active portion of the tumor.
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PMID:[Usefulness of 99mTc-PMT SPECT and 18F-FDG PET in diagnosing orbital metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 780 27

To evaluate the diagnostic capability of superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced MRI and enhanced helical CT, 17 patients with histologically or clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver tumor and a total of 208 nodules were studied. The pulse sequences used were SE 500/20 (T1WI), SE 2000/20 (PDWI) and SE 2000/70 (T2WI). Contrast medium was administrated intravenously for more than 30 minutes at a dose of 10 mumoles Fe/kg. Enhanced MR images were obtained 30-90 minutes after the injection of contrast medium. With helical CT, 133 nodules were detected. With unenhanced MRI, 62 were detected on T1WI, 60 on PDWI and 77 on T2WI. On the other hand, with enhanced MRI, 165 were detected on T1WI, 190 on PDWI and 186 on T2WI. Enhanced MRI revealed the most nodules among these images (P < 0.05), and was especially effective in detecting small nodules less than 10 mm in diameter (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was considered that superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced MRI was useful for the detection of hepatic nodules and that the most adequate pulse sequence was PDWI.
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PMID:[Evaluation of AMI-25 enhanced MR imaging and enhanced helical CT for liver tumors]. 789 60

A 65-year-old man was admitted to Oita Medical University Hospital with complaints of right back pain, diplopia and vertigo. A tumor, 33 x 25 mm, was found on the right lateral chest wall on admission. Chest X-ray film and chest CT scan showed a tumor, 50 x 30 mm, in the right posterior mediastinum. The chest wall tumor was diagnosed as malignant hemangiopericytoma by biopsy, and the same diagnosis was made for the mediastinal lesion by aspiration cytology. Brain MRI showed a mass at the skull base, which was found to be a metastatic bone tumor from the mediastinal malignant hemangiopericytoma. Abdominal CT scan showed a massive tumor, 65 x 60 mm, in the right lobe of the liver. The liver tumor was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma by biopsy. Combination chemotherapy, employing cyclophosphamide, vincristine, pirarubicin and dacarbazine (DYVADIC), in conjunction with radiation therapy, produced no response. The patient died 5 months after admission. Malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the mediastinum is uncommon. Thus, the clinical features of our case, as well as those of previously reported cases in Japan, are discussed herein.
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PMID:[A case of malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the mediastinum accompanied by hepatocellular carcinoma]. 796 47

We evaluated re-diagnostic ability of dynamic MRI as compared with T2 weighted image in the diagnosis of primary therapeutic effect and tumor recurrence after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty-four nodules in 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were estimated based on operative and angiographic findings. According to the time when dynamic MRI was taken, nodules were classified as a short-term observation group consisting of 15 nodules obtained within a month after TAE, or as a long-term observation group consisting of 19 nodules obtained over a month after TAE. In the short-term observation group, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy was 89%, 100%, 93% on dynamic MRI and 78%, 67%, 73% on T2WI, respectively. In the long-term observation group, these were 94%, 100%, 95% on dynamic MRI and 100%, 33%, 89% on T2WI and 94%, 67%, 89% on Lipiodol-CT, respectively. In both groups, dynamic MRI was superior in accuracy. Conclusively, we consider that dynamic MRI is a most accurate diagnostic method that should be added to routine MRI after TAE. Especially in the case diagnosed positive on T2WI, the usefulness of dynamic MRI should be emphasized to determine the schedule of the therapy, because the cases that were false positive on T2WI were accurately diagnosed on dynamic MRI.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of dynamic MRI in the re-diagnosis of therapeutic effect and recurrence after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 803 Nov 67


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