Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The differentiation status of cells is considered to represent an important factor in determining the effects of toxic components. 2. Two rat hepatoma cell lines, MH1C1 and HTC, were used to study differences in the sensitivity to two toxic metals: copper and zinc. 3. The differentiation of the cell lines was characterized using light microscopy, growth pattern, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and albumin production as parameters. 4. The MH1C1 cell line was described to be more differentiated. 5. Albumin production in the MH1C1 cells was significantly higher than in the HTC cells whereas the GGT activity was only slightly different. 6. Toxicity of Cu and Zn was compared. Zn appeared to be more toxic to the cells than Cu, when leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and potassium were measured, whereas both metals were equally toxic when expressed as DNA remaining after 24 hr. 7. The MH1C1 cell line appeared to be more sensitive to Cu and Zn than the HTC. 8. The two metals appeared to have different targets in the cell; Cu may affect the nucleus and Zn the cell membrane.
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PMID:Copper and zinc toxicity in two rat hepatoma cell lines varying in differentiation. 809 79

No laboratory test completely distinguishes malignant ascites (MA) from ascites associated with cirrhosis and (or) hepatocellular carcinoma (A/C-HC). Ascitic cytology is highly specific but has a diagnostic sensitivity of only 40-60%. We determined 11 ascitic analytes and cytology in 58 patients with cirrhosis, 15 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 21 with MA (10 ovarian cancers, 4 mesotheliomas, 6 gastrointestinal neoplasias, 1 leukemia). Ascitic total protein, cholesterol, pseudouridine, and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and the ascitic:serum ratios of total protein and of LD showed the most significant differences between the two groups of patients. Stepwise multiple linear discriminant analysis (applying the Wilks' lambda criterion) of several variables, corroborated by the "jack-knife" reallocation procedure, showed that the ascitic cholesterol and ascitic LD association correctly identified 100% of MA and A/C-HC; cytology had a diagnostic specificity of 100%, but identified only 48% of MA. This association may represent a primary tool for the discrimination of ascites of unknown origin, particularly in the presence of negative cytology findings.
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PMID:Total discrimination of peritoneal malignant ascites from cirrhosis- and hepatocarcinoma-associated ascites by assays of ascitic cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase. 813 Dec 85

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic spreading is not uncommon. In order to delineate the clinical and radiological pictures of HCC with intracranial metastasis, 33 documented cases were analysed. Eighteen had brain parenchymal metastasis without skull involvement; the other 15 cases disclosed skull metastasis with brain invasion. The underlying HCC are mainly of expanding (13/33, 39.4%) and multifocal (13/33, 39.4%) types. Eighteen cases (18/33, 54.5%) had mental changes not related to hypoglycaemia or hepatic encephalopathy. Eighteen cases (18/20, 90%) disclosed hyperdense mass lesions by non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans and 17 cases showed homogeneous enhancement (17/22, 77.3%) by post-contrast CT images. In the non-skull involved group, five cases (5/12, 41.7%) disclosed ring-shape enhancement and 14 cases (14/16, 87.5%) had perifocal oedema, which were not seen in the skull involved group. Eight cases (8/33, 24.2%) presented as intracerebral haemorrhage. Twelve (12/33, 36.4%) died of brain herniation. Most (14/18, 77.8%) non-skull involved cases had simultaneous lung metastasis without bony metastasis, while the skull involved group often (10/15, 66.7%) disclosed extracranial bony metastasis without lung metastasis. The difference in extracranial metastasis was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The multivariate survival analysis disclosed that lower lactate dehydrogenase level (< or = 316 U/L, P = 0.029) and treatments (surgery or radiation, P = 0.001) were positively associated with longer survival. In conclusion, HCC with intracranial metastasis is symptomatic and life-threatening. Half the cases may come from pulmonary metastasis and the other half may be from bony metastasis. Brain irradiation or surgery can prolong their survival.
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PMID:Clinical and radiological pictures of hepatocellular carcinoma with intracranial metastasis. 852 7

We applied a multivariate analysis to a large series of serum biochemical tests in an attempt to identify a function that could efficiently discriminate cirrhosis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). We analyzed two successive temporal cohorts (1987-90; 1991-94) of HC and cirrhotic patients, all histologically classified (first cohort: 69 cirrhosis and 39 HC; second cohort: 66 cirrhosis and 38 HC). Using data from the first temporal cohort of patients, we obtained a discriminant function based on seven serum analytes: alpha-fetoprotein, the hepatic isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5, total gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), GGT isoforms complexed with low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and copper. The same panel of analytes emerged when the second cohort was tested and also when both cohorts were tested together. In the two successive cohorts (total, 212 patients) with a prevalence of cirrhosis vs HC of approximately 2:1, the discriminant function correctly classified 93% of cases, the highest percentage of correct classification of the two diseases obtained so far by laboratory approaches. Validation with the jackknife reallocation statistical algorithm confirmed these results. In addition, of six patients with liver cirrhosis for whom we had the opportunity of following up and observing the evolution to HC, five were classified as HC at diagnosis by the multivariate discriminant analysis; i.e., discriminant analysis provided a diagnostic lead time of 6-12 months over histology. This discriminant function, based on easy-to-perform serum biochemical tests, may help solve a fundamental problem of differential diagnosis in the evolution of chronic liver diseases from cirrhosis to HC.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis through a discriminant function based on results for serum analytes. 869 87

Since the amounts of hepatogenous enzymes discharged into the intestinal tract remain unknown, this study was initiated to evaluate the amounts of the enzymes in the intestinal tract. Whole gut lavage fluid (polyethyleneglycol electrolyte solution) was administered orally to 42 subjects, consisting of 5 patients with hepatoma, 10 with chronic hepatitis, 10 with colon polyps, and 17 control subjects without liver disease. Two hr after the large intestinal lavage, the digestive tract juice was aspirated by colonoscopy, and the bilirubin (Bil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the aspirates were measured. A positive correlation between the AST and LDH values was found, and a significant difference in these values between the hepatic disorders and the normal controls was noticed. A significant positive correlation between the ALP and Bil values was found, and a statistical difference in these values between the group of colon polyps and the controls and other groups was observed. This lavage fluid technique enables to estimate the amounts of hepatic enzymes discharged into the intestinal tract, thereby opening a new avenue for future enzyme research.
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PMID:Enzymes in intestinal juice from patients with liver diseases and colon polyps: measurement of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. 872 97

A stable hepatoma cell line (L35 cells) showing an activation of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7) that had been silent in the parental hepatoma cell line (H35 cells) was used to examine the influence of bile acids on its gene expression and activity. L35 cells were found to concentrate taurocholate from the culture medium, without any significant effect on the expression of 7 alpha-hydroxylase. At physiologic levels (up to 100 microM), CYP7 mRNA expression was not repressed by any bile acid. At supra-physiologic levels (1 mM), the more hydrophobic dihydroxy bile acids, taurodeoxycholate and taurochenodeoxycholate, decreased CYP7 mRNA without decreasing the relative abundance of beta-actin mRNA. Similar results were obtained by culturing cells with sodium dodecylsulfate (50 microM). The medium of L35 cells treated with either taurochenodeoxycholate (1 mM), taurodeoxycholate (1 mM), or sodium dodecylsulfate (50 microM) contained significantly greater activities of two cytosolic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucose isomerase, indicating a cytotoxic response. Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters decreased the expression of 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA without evidence of cytotoxicity; therefore, the inability of L35 cells to show bile acid repression cannot be ascribed to a lack of an effect by this secondary messenger system. In addition, insulin decreased and dexamethasone increased 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA without increasing the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme markers. The combined data suggest that L35 cells are resistant to repression of CYP7 gene expression by bile acids, but display physiologic expression to hormones and protein kinase C activation.
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PMID:Rat hepatoma L35 cells, a liver-differentiated cell line, display resistance to bile acid repression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. 872 21

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme and amino acid (a.a) patterns were evaluated in comparison to several other biochemical parameters for liver and renal function with the objective of clarifying the differential diagnosis of hepatic disorders and predicting the outcome of schistosomal infection in Egyptian patients. Patients examined included those with complicated hepatic disorders and others with different stages of schistosomal infestation, hepatoma or bladder cancer, in addition to a normal control group. Several biochemical parameters appeared to be useful in establishing consistent differences or similarities between the studied groups. Examples are; elevated serum AST/ALT ratio and methionine content in chronic schistosomiasis, elevated serum urea/creatinine ratio and leucine content in all schistosomal patients and extremely high levels of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the urine of non-schistosomal bladder cancer patients. In addition, characteristic LDH isoenzyme profiles distinguish between the studied groups, in particular separating chronic schistosomiasis from schistosomal bladder cancer and hepatoma from other hepatic disorders.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and amino acid patterns in several schistosomal and non-schistosomal disorders as compared to other biochemical parameters. 887 15

For hepatectomy of Couinaud's segment VII or VIII, severe compression and mobilization of the liver is required to establish the operative field via the usual transabdominal approach. Compression of the cirrhotic liver impairs hepatic and systemic blood circulation, which may cause liver dysfunction. We adopted a transthoracic transdiaphragmatic approach for hepatectomy of segment VII or VIII in cirrhotic patients to establish a good operative field without compressing the liver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of this approach. Forty-four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicating liver cirrhosis who underwent limited hepatectomy of Couinaud's segment VII or VIII were studied. The patients were randomized to two groups preoperatively: group I (n = 22), transabdominal approach; group II (n = 22), transthoracic transdiaphragmatic approach. There were no differences in preoperative liver function tests, hepatic functional reserve, or extent of tumor between the two groups. The operative time in group II was significantly shorter than that in group I (243 +/- 50 versus 313 +/- 80 minutes;p < 0.01). Operative blood loss in group II was also significantly smaller than that in group I (1190 +/- 1098 versus 2679 +/- 2267 g;p < 0.01). Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels on postoperative day 1 in group II were significantly lower than those in group I (587 +/- 154 versus 791 +/- 383 IU/L;p < 0.05). Major postoperative complications were significantly fewer in group II. It was concluded that the transthoracic transdiaphragmatic approach is a useful method for hepatectomy of segments VII and VIII in cirrhotic patients.
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PMID:Transthoracic transdiaphragmatic approach for hepatectomy of Couinaud's segments VII and VIII. 894 83

We describe a series of studies on the contribution of laboratory medicine to the differential diagnosis of clinically confounding diseases in the field of chronic hepatobiliary diseases. Ascitic cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), selected by multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) from a multitude of serum and ascitic analytes, correctly classified 100% of patients with malignant ascites or non-malignant ascites. In addition, ascitic pseudouridine differentiated hepatocarcinoma (HC) from cirrhotic ascites with a diagnostic effectiveness (overall discrimination power) of 90%. A panel of analytes constituted by serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the GGT isoenzyme complexed with low- and very low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, copper, hepatic alkaline phosphatase (AP), the LD-5 isoenzyme and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), selected by the MDA, correctly classified 93% of about 200 cases of cirrhosis or HC. Finally, MDA also identified an equation, based on serum values of the LD-4/LD-5 and carcinoembryonic antigen/AFP ratios, AP and iron that correctly classified 96% of HC or secondary liver neoplasia cases in 100 patients. This approach based on panels of analytes selected by a sophisticated statistical analysis is a rapid and non-invasive contribution to the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease including neoplasia.
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PMID:Multivariate discriminant analysis of biochemical parameters for the differentiation of clinically confounding liver diseases. 902 25

The detergent Triton X-100 was used to establish a model for apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. The electrophoresis of DNA extracted from 0.01% Triton X-100 treated hepatoma cell lines showed DNA ladder formation, a hallmark of apoptosis. The DNA fragmentation appeared within less than 60 min of the Triton X-100 treatment. Chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain, and fragmented nucleosome was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) test. Apoptosis was semi-quantitated by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level for cytotoxity. It was found that apoptosis had been induced in more than 90% of the cells treated with Triton X-100 for 150 min. These data show that Triton X-100 efficiently induces the apoptotic cell death in hepatoma cell lines.
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PMID:Triton X-100 induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines. 910 Apr 83


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