Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is heterogeneous, one form binding to the lectin concanavalin A (conA) and the other not. The relative amounts, of the two forms in the serum of patients has diagnostic applications in differentiating between primary hepato-cellular carcinoma and metastatic liver disease. In 36 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, the conA-nonreactive form of AFP comprised less than 20% of the total (range 1.6%-19.2%; median 8.7%), whereas in 13 patients with metastatic liver disease the conA-nonreactive form comprised more than 20% of the total (range 26.6%-91.7%; median 57.6%). Four patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with CB3717, and serial changes in the serum AFP characteristics were examined. In two patients in whom the total serum AFP concentration fell, the percentage of the conA-nonreactive fraction, initially less than 20% rose steadily. In two other patients the total serum AFP did not fall significantly and the proportion of the conA-nonreactive fraction remained below 20%.
 ...
PMID:Serial serum AFP heterogeneity changes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma during chemotherapy. 242 26

This article documents a patient with lung carcinoma that produced three oncofetal antigens including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Serum AFP, CEA, and hCG-beta-subunit were extremely high--118,000 ng/ml, 133 ng/ml and 0.9 ng/ml, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of these tumor markers revealed that these proteins were present in different cells. The pattern of lectin affinity electrophoresis of AFP resembled that of hepatocellular carcinoma. Also investigated was the reactivity of serum CEA to monoclonal antibodies against peptide or sugar moieties. Serum CEA values measured by antipeptide monoclonal antibodies were higher than those measured by antisugar monoclonal antibodies. The demonstration of AFP, CEA, and hCG in different tumor cells suggests that three genomes were not reactivated together in a cell, and the lung carcinoma probably consisted of at least three clones of cancer cells with different phenotypes.
 ...
PMID:A primary lung carcinoma producing alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. 244 64

A sensitive procedure involving lectin affinity electrophoresis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was established. AFPs electrophoresed on lectin-containing gels were blotted on nitrocellulose membrane which was precoated with the specific antibody to AFP and stained with peroxidase-labeled anti-AFP antibody. This method could detect as little as 4 micrograms/l of purified AFP dissolved in buffer, or 50 micrograms/l in serum specimens. A number of patients with liver disease have been followed for long periods in Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo. Serum specimens were collected serially and stored frozen. We have reinvestigated retrospectively 6 series of serum specimens by the lectin-immunoblotting technique and found 3 cases that revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma-specific AFP variant at a very early stage, in advance of any other evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma by clinical examination.
 ...
PMID:Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with lectin electrophoresis of serum alpha-fetoprotein. 245 97

An antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique was developed for the analysis of sugar chains of serum alpha-fetoprotein in various liver diseases. The anti-'alpha-fetoprotein'-IgG was coated on a microtiter plate and then treated with periodic acid. A serum sample was added to the plate and then a 'peroxidase'-conjugated lectin was added. The amount of lectin bound to the sugar chain of the 'alpha-fetoprotein' was estimated from the 'peroxidase' activity. The 'peroxidase' activities of 4 different lectins, LCA, Con A, LCA and EPHA, were compared. The LCA/'wheat germ agglutinin' activity ratio and LCA/EPHA activity ratio were increased in liver diseases and LCA/'wheat germ agglutinin' ratio showed a statistically significant difference between the chronic hepatitis and the liver cirrhosis groups (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, when serum samples were pretreated with sialidase, a statistically significant difference was observed in the LCA/EPHA and LCA/Con A ratios between the chronic hepatitis and the hepatoma groups (p less than 0.05). These results indicated that low sialylation at the non-reduced end of the sugar chains of 'alpha-fetoprotein' occurs in liver cirrhosis and that high fucosylation at the reduced end of N-acetylglucosamine residue of 'alpha-fetoprotein' occurs in hepatomas.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay to characterize sugar chains for the study of liver diseases. 246 50

The lectin from the elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) bark, shown to recognize the sequence neuraminic acid (alpha 2,6) galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine, was applied for detecting binding sites in Lowicryl K4M sections by light and electron microscopy. The lectin was used either directly complexed to colloidal gold or in a two-step cytochemical affinity technique. The lectin-gold complex proved to be superior and thus was extensively tested on rat liver, kidney and hepatoma cells as well as on sheep and bovine submandibular glands. Controls to establish specificity of lectin-gold binding included sugar and glycoprotein inhibition tests and enzymic removal of sialic acid. In agreement with biochemical data demonstrating the potentiating effect of sialic acid on the binding of the lectin to oligosaccharides, enzymic removal of sialic acid from liver sections resulted in abolition of lectin staining. However, in the submandibular glands, neuraminidase pretreatment of the sections had no effect on the subsequent lectin-gold binding. In rat kidney some structures became negative while others retained the lectin-gold staining due to binding to penultimate N-acetylgalactosamine exposed after sialic acid removal. In line with this, spot blot analysis demonstrated that the lectin-gold complex reacted with both fetuin and asialofetuin. Taken together, these results suggest that, for cytochemical staining, the sialic acid and the galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine lectin combining subsites of Sambucus nigra L. lectin are equally reactive with cellular glycoconjugates and that neuraminidase predigestion of tissue sections is of utmost importance to ensure specificity of staining for the sequence neuraminic acid (alpha 2,6) galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine.
 ...
PMID:Elderberry bark lectin--gold techniques for the detection of Neu5Ac (alpha 2,6) Gal/GalNAc sequences: applications and limitations. 246 94

A sensitive new technique for lectin-affinity immunoelectrophoresis was applied to samples from 28 infants and children in order to distinguish the origin of elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in sera. This new immunoelectrophoresis was successfully performed within 24 hours in sera with AFP as small as 910 ng/mL. With combined use of concanavalin A (Con A) and lentil agglutinin (LCH) binding tests, AFPs were classified into three subtypes: benign hepatic condition type (six patients), hepatocellular carcinoma type (nine patients) and yolk sac type (12 patients). AFP was of hepatocellular carcinoma type in all seven patients with hepatoblastoma, and of benign hepatic condition type in six of seven patients with elevated AFP due to conditions such as hepatitis, biliary atresia, and normal newborn. The question as to whether AFP produced in "hepatoblastoma" is of benign hepatic condition type or hepatocellular carcinoma type was first answered by the information in this present report. The differentiation between yolk sac and general hepatic AFPs was completed with the Con A binding test.
 ...
PMID:Three different types of alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of malignant solid tumors: use of a sensitive lectin-affinity immunoelectrophoresis. 247 22

The coordinate increase in the hepatic production of the acute phase plasma proteins appears to be mediated by several cytokines produced by different cell types. One factor, hepatocyte-stimulating factor III (HSF-III), constitutively produced by human squamous carcinoma (COLO-16) cells, stimulates the synthesis of the same set of acute phase plasma proteins as the structurally distinct IL-6. The physicochemical properties of HSF-III coincide with those of the T cell-derived leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF). Human rLIF, tested on hepatoma cells, indicated a liver-regulating activity identical to HSF-III. The LIF activity is specifically neutralized by HSF-III antibodies. COLO-16 cells contain an LIF mRNA which is characteristic for lectin-stimulated T cells, suggesting that HSF-III is an epidermal cell-derived form of LIF. This result provides additional evidence for the close relationship between acute phase regulation of the liver and control of proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic cells by identical cytokines.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocyte-stimulating factor III shares structural and functional identity with leukemia-inhibitory factor. 247 20

The receptors of peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) were localized in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic bile ducts and normal, cirrhotic and pericarcinomatous liver using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. It was found that epithelial cells of normal bile ducts had many UEA-I receptors, fewer DBA receptors and no PNA receptors. The positive rates of PNA, UEA-I and DBA receptors in 18 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma were 88.9%, 61.1% and 33.3% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in hepatocellular carcinoma (16.0%, 4.0% and 4.0% respectively). Hepatocytes in normal, cirrhotic and pericarcinomatous liver had no receptors for these three lectins. It is suggested that lectin receptor distribution in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma is obviously different from that in normal bile duct cells and in hepatocellular carcinoma, and might be used as an auxiliary index in its clinical diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of the distribution of lectin receptors in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. 247 21

Lectin affinity electrophoresis of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was carried out on samples obtained from patients with benign and malignant diseases and on cord blood, and separated AFP bands were detected by antibody-affinity blotting. The following major bands were identified by determination of kinetic constants: AFP-C1 and -C2 with concanavalin A, AFP-L1, -L2 and -L3 with Lens culinaris agglutinin A, AFP-P1, -P2, -P3, -P4 and -P5 with erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, and AFP-A1, -A2 and -A3 with Allomyrina dichotoma lectin. AFP bands with the lowest number had either low or no affinity and those with higher numbers had higher affinities for respective lectins. AFP from cord blood and chronic liver disease was characterized by the predominance of AFP-C2, AFP-L1, AFP-P2 and AFP-A3. Hepatocellular carcinoma was differentiated from the benign liver disease by increased proportions of AFP-L3 and AFP-P4. Extrahepatic tumors had additional increases of AFP-C1, AFP-L2, AFP-P5 and AFP-A1 (or slow-migrating AFP-Als, particularly in yolk sac tumor).
 ...
PMID:Lectin affinity electrophoresis of alpha-fetoprotein in cancer diagnosis. 247 60

The sugar chains of transferrin samples, purified from sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and of healthy individuals, were released quantitatively as radioactive oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. Comparative study of their structure by serial lectin column chromatography, by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography, and by sequential exoglycosidase digestion revealed that prominently altered glycosylation is commonly found in the hepatoma transferrins, although they all contain two complex-type asparagine-linked sugar chains in one molecule like in the case of normal transferrins. The alteration is quite various, including the increase of highly branched sugar chains, of those with the Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc beta 1----and the Neu5Ac alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----groups in their outer chain moieties and of those with a fucosylated trimannosyl core. Many but not all of the hepatoma transferrin samples contained a small amount of a bisected biantennary sugar chain, which was not detected in the normal transferrin samples.
 ...
PMID:Altered glycosylation of serum transferrin of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 253 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>