Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of 221 patients revealed that detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was found in 16.3% of 49 patients who had hepatoma associated with cirrhosis. None of the 8 hepatoma patients without cirrhosis had detectable HBS Ag in the serum. When known causes of cirrhosis were excluded, HBS Ag was present in 18% of 22 patients. Positive alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) was found in 25 of 49 cases (51%) of hepatoma with cirrhosis but was found only in 1 of 8 cases (12.5%) of hepatoma without cirrhosis. Of 25 patients whose AFP was positive, HBS Ag was also present in 7. The latter was detected in only 1 of 24 patients in whom AFP was not detected. This study suggests that HBS Ag is closely associated with hepatomas in cirrhotic patients but not in noncirrhotic patients with hepatoma.
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PMID:Relationship of hepatitis B antigen in cirrhosis and hepatoma in Thailand. An etiological significance. 4 28

Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined in sera of 122 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma seen in Japan, using both the counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. It was positive in 49.2% of the patients with RIA, but the level of antigen in serum was relatively low since positivity rate by counterimmunoelectrophoresis was only 10.7%, The degree of antigenemia as assessed from the count relative to the cut-off value in RIA, was increased during the clinical course in 75% of the patients. The antigen tended to rise in concentration when the tumor grew at a rapid rate, when damage to liver parenchyma was extensive, or in patients receiving chemotherapy. There was also a tendency for less frequent positive antigen tests in patients with higher alpha-fetoprotein levels. Illustrative cases are presented with discussion on the possible explanation for the change in the degree of antigenemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigenemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to clinical course and alpha-fetoprotein. 6 61

An association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) has been found in several studies in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere. In this paper we considered the interrelations between several events related to HBV infection, which include the presence of: 1) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 2) antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), 3) antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), 4) chronic liver disease, 5) elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and 6) PHC. With the use of preliminary epidemiologic data, risk factors related to these events were calculated. We suggested that the interactions between these events and HBV infection in parents be used to estimate the risk of PHC for an individual in this environment.
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PMID:Forecasting the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by the use of risk factors: studies in West Africa. 6 19

Two hundred seventy-nine patients who died of hepatocellular carcinoma were autopsied at Los Angeles County--USC Medical Center and the John Wesley--USC Liver Unit from 1949 through 1974, and tissues from 168 of these cases were available for staining for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Twenty-one per cent of the livers had stainable HBSAg. There were prominent increases both in total numbers of hepatic cancers and in the percentages that were HBSAg-positive beginning about 1970, but the numbers of hepatocellular carcinomas arising in noncirrhotic livers also increased. From 1969 to 1974, 73% of those who had hepatocellular carcinomas arising to nonalcoholic but cirrhotic livers were HBSAg-positive. Racial differences in the incidences of cirrhosis, the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas associated with HBSAg were found. The incidences of cirrhosis were: Caucasian 11%; Mexican 12.2%; Negro 5.7:; Oriental 10%. Hepatocellular carcinomas arose in 3.2% of Caucasians who had cirrhosis; 3.6% of Mexicans; 8.3% of Negroes; 47% or Orientals. Ten per cent of Caucasians who had hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhotic livers were HBSAg-positive; 25% of Negroes; 12% of Mexicans; 47% of Orientals.
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PMID:The changing incidence of association of hepatitis B with hepatocellular carcinoma in California. 6 78

The serum alphafetoprotein level (AFP) was studies in 125 histologically verified cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 66 other malignancies, 74 cases of cirrhosis of the liver, 60 of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 12 of chronic persistent hepatitis, 16 of subacute hepatitis, 36 of acute viral hepatitis, and 13 healthy hepatitis B-surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Double immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used in all cases. AFP greater than 10 ng-ml appeared in 90% of the cases, and was above 400 ng/ml in 69%. In 80% of those above 400 ng/ml, AFP could also be demonstrated by immunodiffusion. The AFP level in hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered to decline as the age increased. It also appeared to be related to the tumor cell type; the relatively immature cell type was more frequently associated with a higher AFP level. The presence of HBsAg did not influence the AFP level. Although the AFP in other malignancies and liver diseases ranged abnormally from 14 to 69%, the level did not exceed 400 ng/ml as in our cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (except in one case). Thus, this figure provides a diagnostic serum level of AFP for the identification of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alphafetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma. 7 Feb 68

Paraffin sections of liver on 227 autopsy cases were stained by a modified orcein method of Shikata et al (14) in order to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Blood of all the 227 cases obtained at autopsy were tested for HBsAg by immune adherence hamagglutination method (7) and for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) by passive hemagglutination method (6). Cases of seropositive in HBsAg but negative in anti-HBs group showed orcein-positive hapatocyte in 13 (68%) of 19 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma, in 2 (67%) of 3 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma, and in 2 (67%) of 3 cases of non-cirrhotic neoplastic diseases other than hepatoma. Cases of seronegative in both HBsAg and anti-HBs group showed orceinpositive hepatocyte in 4 (17%) of 24 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma, in 2 (11%) of 19 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma, and in 3 (5%) of 60 cases of non-cirrhotic neoplastic diseases other than hepatoma. Cases of seronegative in HBsAg but positive in anti-HBsAg but positive in anti-HBs group showed orcein-positive hepatocyte in 1 (17%) of 6 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma and in 1 (5%) of 21 cases of non-cirrhotic neoplastic diseases other than hepatoma. Cases of seropositive in both HBsAg and anti-HBs group showed orcein-positive hepatocyte in 1 (33%) of 3 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma. No orcein-positive hepatocyte was detected in cases of hepatoma without cirrhosis and in cases of non-cirrhotic non-neoplastic diseases in any serological groups.
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PMID:Orcein staining of hepatitis B surface antigen in paraffin sections of liver on autopsy cases. 7 35

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy tissue of liver and tumor from 50 male black mineworkers with hepatocellular carcinoma were examined by orcein stain for the presence of cytoplasmic hepatitis B surface antigen. The results were correlated with the serum hepatitis B antigen (HBAg). In 72% serum HBAg was positive. Orcein staining of nontumor liver cell cytoplasm was present in 18 (36%). Sixteen (89%) of these orcein-positive cases were serum HBAg positive. The two false negative serum HBAg results were obtained by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation. Serum HBAg, measured by radio-immunoassay and hemagglutination, was positive in 14 orcein-negative cases. Six other negative orcein results appeared to be due to sampling error. Orcein staining was noted in tumor cells of three serum HBAg positive patients. Provided the limitations of the technique are realized, orcein staining of liver tissue from hepatocellular carcinoma patients may prove useful for retrospective screening surveys to assess the prevalence of HBAg positivity in these patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen in black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between orcein stained liver sections and serology. 7 53

In 31 patients with an initial diagnosis of cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was detected after a clinical follow-up of 8 months to 14 years with an average of 59 months. They had had no scintigraphic and biochemical abnormalities suggestive of HCC at the beginning. The follow-up period before the detection of carcinoma was shorter in patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen compared with those negative for hepatitis B surface antigen. Analyses of clinical data during the follow-up and liver scans made shortly before tumor detection suggested that in most of these patients HCC became discernible relatively early in the course of cirrhosis or long before cirrhosis reached an advanced stage. A sharp rise in serum alpha-fetoprotein level proved highly diagnostic in 11, it remained low throughout in 7, and tumor was already unresectable in the majority. Although continuous and regular check for alpha-fetoprotein is imperative in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly in those with hepatitis B surface antigenemia, additional diagnostic tools are necessary for the detection of small HCC in its resectable stage.
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PMID:Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma during a clinical follow-up of chronic liver disease: observations in 31 patients. 7 17

Infections with hepatitis A and B viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. The identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. These, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, and the nature of these common infections. In the case of hepatitis type B, laboratory tests revealed a persistent carrier state of the surface antigen in some 120-175 million people and established the significance of hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of serious chronic liver disease, including a strong association with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in tropical and some subtropical regions. In addition, the specific diagnosis of hepatitis types A and B has revealed a previously unrecognized form of hepatitis which is clearly unrelated to either type. This new form of infection of the liver is now the most common type of hepatitis after the transfusion of blood and blood products in some areas of the world and it also appears to be an important cause of sporadic hepatitis, particularly among adults.
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PMID:The three type of human viral hepatitis. 7 70

Antiserum against yolk-sac carcinoma of rat was prepared in rabbits. After appropriate absorption in vitro or in vivo this antiserum was examined on different tumors and normal tissues or rat, hamster and mouse. The methods used were indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase staining and cytotoxicity tests. The immune serum was found to react with the cell membrane of different rat and hamster yolk-sac carcinomas. It reacted also with the cell surface of rat hepatoma cells. By absorption on hyalin and blocking with amniotic fluid it was shown that the antigen was neither a basement membrane component nor alpha-fetoprotein. The antiserum was cytotoxic to yolk-sac carcinoma and hepatoma cells. The immune reaction was limited to the cell membrane, as observed in immunofluorescence and in immunoperoxidase staining. The specificity of the antiserum was proved by cross-absorptions with various tumor lines and by removing its activity with the soluble fraction of yolk-sac carcinoma cells. Non-endodermal rat and hamster tumor lines did not react with the anti-yolk-sac carcinoma immune serum. Most normal adult tissues, including spermatozoa, were negative, but a positive reaction was observed in ovaries and on glandular cells of the uterus. In embryonal tissues this surface antigen(s) was detected in the endoderm of 8-day-old rat embryos 7-day-old mouse embryos and in yolk-sac endoderm of both species. The data indicate that the antigen(s) is associated with endodermal differentiation.
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PMID:Presence of common surface antigens(s) on endodermal tumors and embryonal tissues of rats, hamsters and mice. 7 14


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