Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

920 determinations of alpha 1-fetoprotein were performed in 564 patients with mainly hepatological diseases. For AFP determination double antibody sandwich technique with 10 microliter final volume was used. The ultramicro-ELISA-method, which meets all criteria of a screening parameter, is simple and far more economic than RIA or a commercial enzyme immunoassay. The 3s limit was determined to be 23.2 for men and 29.8 ng/ml for women. 24/26 (= 92.0%) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) showed elevated serum AFP concentrations. The serum AFP concentrations in the hepatocellular carcinoma showed different constellations of the findings: 1. AFP below 215 ng/ml (= range suspicious of hepatome, according to Poltenauer); 2. AFP moderately exceeds 215 ng/ml; 3. AFP weeks before death excessively increasing from moderately elevated ranges; 4. AFP decreasing prior to death; 5. AFP course fluctuating; 6. AFP within normal range. 231 liver cirrhoses showed elevated values in 28.1%. Active liver cirrhoses had significantly more often AFP concentrations above 30 ng/ml than inactive had (31.9% as opposed to 10.8%). Active liver cirrhoses and cirrhoses with decompensation of the portal vein had significantly more often (34.9% of 83 probands) increased AFP values than inactive, compensated cirrhoses had (11.9% of 42 probands). Various pathomechanisms of the neosynthesis of AFP in HCC, in liver metastases and in benign liver diseases are discussed. Increases in AFP above 500 ng/ml are practically indicative of hepatocellular carcinoma. Low-grade elevations of AFP in benign liver diseases and liver metastases can be categorized by considering other criteria (persistent or transitory AFP?/trend - increase?/serum concentration) including clinical/paraclinical features. The determination of AFP by the above-mentioned method allows to make a better hepatologic diagnosis. It ist suitable for the still improvable early diagnosis of HCC. AFP screening should be employed in risk groups (liver cirrhoses, HBsAg carriers, chronic HV-B patients).
 ...
PMID:[Value of alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) determination with an ultramicro-ELISA immunoassay in chronic liver diseases with special reference to hepatocellular cancer]. 244 24

Primary liver carcinoma (PLC) may express a certain number of markers. Here we communicate results of an analysis of five such markers (alpha-1-antitrypsin--AAT--, carcino-embryonic antigen --CEA--, alpha-fetoprotein --AFP--, and superficial --HBsAg-- and core --HBcAg-- antigens of hepatitis B virus) by means of PAP techniques in 130 cases of PLC, comparing the neoplastic tissue and the non-tumorous liver. Three variants of PLC are distinguished: hepatocarcinoma (HC) (108 cases); cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (19 cases); and three cases of hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC). AAT was positive in 29 HC, 2 HCC, and negative in all 19 CC. CEA appeared positive in 16 HC, 16 CC and only one HCC. AFP was positive in two HC, and negative in all CC and HCC. HBsAg displayed positivity in 15 HC and one HCC, being negative in all 19 CC. HBcAg was positive in 4 HC, and negative in all CC and HCC. HBsAg was also positive in two neoplastic emboli associated with HC. On the non-tumorous liver tissue the immunohistochemical results showed positivity for AAT and CEA, but not for AFP. Therefore the present results confirm that in the geographical area from which these tumors proceed, PLC is closely correlated with HBsAg positivity and with cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of 130 cases of primary hepatic carcinomas. 244 80

We measured alpha-fetoprotein doubling time (T2AFP) in 51 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). We also studied vascular invasion and the survival rate, and looked for correlations. For six patients with T2AFP less than or equal to 30 days after TAE, the time until the finding of vascular invasion by ultrasonography and angiography was 8.5 +/- 3.9 months; for seven patients with T2AFP greater than or equal to 31 days after TAE, it was 17.6 +/- 5.2 months (p less than 0.01). Of 45 patients for whom T2AFP was measured after TAE, 9 were in group A with T2AFP greater than or equal to 61 days, 18 were in group B with an intermediate value, and 18 were in group C with T2AFP less than or equal to 30 days. The two-year survival rate after the first TAE was 55.6% in group A, 42.5% in group B, and 6.0% in group C. The longest survival period was 51 months in group A, 30 months in group B, and 28 months (patient still alive) in group C. In the 18 patients for whom T2AFP was measured before and after TAE, the T2AFP was markedly decreased after TAE in 7 (39%). The pattern of change in T2AFP after TAE was not clearly correlated with the decrease in AFP or the T2AFP value before TAE.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization in terms of serum alpha-fetoprotein doubling time in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 245 72

By use of different restriction enzymes sensitive to internal cytosine methylation (HpaII, AvaI, HhaI) we have analysed the methylation patterns of albumin and AFP genes in tissues and cell lines with high (liver, yolk sac, hepatoma cell lines), low (fetal and neonatal kidney) or undetectable (spleen, JF1 fibroblasts) expression of either gene. We show that expression of the AFP gene is associated to the demethylation of a whole region or domain extending from -4 to +3 Kb. Moreover, demethylation of a site located at the upstream limit of this domain appears to be correlated with the commitment of the cell type to synthesize AFP. As concerns the albumin gene, we show that the domain in which demethylation is correlated with active gene transcription in hepatoma cell lines has different borders than in tissue. This difference might be related to the different amounts of mRNA synthesized or to an alteration in gene regulation in tumor cells. Finally, we show that low expression of albumin and AFP genes in fetal and neonatal kidney is not correlated with domain demethylation, suggesting that the regulatory mechanisms of expression of these genes are different in kidney as compared with liver.
 ...
PMID:Differences in methylation patterns of the alpha-fetoprotein and albumin genes in hepatic and non hepatic developing rat tissues. 245 24

Development of biotechnology has made it possible to produce monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) which associate with tumors. Injected RN-labeled MoAbs would be expected to accumulate in specific tumors. This concept can be evaluated not only from the point of diagnosis but also the therapy of cancers. Before applying RN-labeled MoAbs to patients with cancers, certain factors influencing radioimmunodetection should be investigated, such as (1) Labeling nuclides:RN should be selected by considering its physical properties. Biodistributions of RN-labeled MoAbs differ from one RN to another. (2) Labeling method: labeling techniques and optimum conditions should be established for each MoAb, in order to retain the immunoreactivity and stability of RN-labeled MoAb in vivo. (3) Circulating antigen:RN-labeled MoAb, once injected, may be challenged by the circulating antigen in the blood. We found that uptake of MoAbs against tumor markers (AFP, DU-PAN II) into tumors (hepatoma or pancreatic tumor) was decreased, and that the background activity was increased when the concentration of AFP or DU-PAN II in the blood was high. In addition to this fundamental information with respect to each MoAb, some clinical considerations are necessary for the application of RN-MoAbs to humans, mainly possible side effects. Clinical applications of immunoscintigraphy have not been well developed in Japan, although more than 2,000 cases utilizing this technique have been reported in Europe. In Europe and the U.S.A., tumors were detected with about 70% positivity without any serious side effects. General concerns regarding MoAb products, which have been proposed by the FDA, are also discussed in this paper.
 ...
PMID:[Recent advances in tumor-seeking agents--radioimmunoimaging of cancers using monoclonal antibodies]. 245 82

We have studied the effect of an anti-FP antibody coupled via a dextran bridge to adriamycin on six AFP-producing liver tumors (3 cases with hepatoma and 3 cases with liver metastases from an AFP-producing gastric cancer). Results have revealed that MR was observed in 2 out the 5 of surviving evaluated cases. The toxicity of this conjugate was not evident in all cases, except for a low-grade fever. Further, an autopsy revealed no remarkable change in the histology of the case that had ended in death. These results indicate that this conjugate can be considered one of the treatment therapies available for a nonresectable AFP-producing tumor.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of a conjugate of adriamycin and an antibody to human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on AFP-producing hepatic tumors]. 245 9

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly fatal neoplasm of high worldwide prevalence. Fibromellar carcinoma (FLC), a variant of HCC, lacks the dismal prognosis of "ordinary" HCC (O-HCC) and is characterized by a diagnostic histologic appearance. The current study analyzes the clinical characteristics, immunohistochemistry, and treatment of nineteen cases of FLC. These data, together with a detailed review of the literature, further characterize this unique variant. FLC affects younger patients and lacks the male predominance of O-HCC. Also, FLC lacks specific association with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus infection, use of oral contraceptives, and alcohol abuse, all of which are implicated in other hepatic tumors. This, along with differences in serum tumor marker prevalence (AFP, B12 binding protein) suggests that its pathogenesis differs from that of O-HCC. Despite these differences, FLC shares a common differentiation with O-HCC. The increased amounts in FLC of stainable alpha-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein, all of which are acute phase reactants and normal hepatocyte products, implies better differentiation of FLC cells. Finally, the better prognosis of FLC is supported by this study, since only two of the 19 patients died because of tumor. This contrasts with the reported survival of patients with O-HCC, usually measured in weeks. Hepatic transplantation may hold promise for future patients with "surgically unresectable" FLC as procedure-related complications are overcome.
 ...
PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: an immunohistochemical study of nineteen cases and a review of the literature. 245 77

The high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma amongst certain population groups of Southern Africa made feasible the investigation of a radiolabelled monoclonal anti-alpha-foetoprotein as a radioimmunodiagnostic agent for this disease. This paper reports the preclinical trials with monoclonal anti-alpha-foetoprotein E.9 (anti-AFP) and its F(ab')2 fragment after radiolabelling with 131I. Various radioiodinations were tried. The best results were obtained with the lodogen and Bolton-Hunter methods. 131I from only one of the sources tested gave an 131I-labelled anti-AFP with meaningful immunoreactivity. It was shown by means of gamma-camera scans and monitoring of radioactivity in individual organs that 131I-anti-AFP and the 131I-anti-AFP F(ab')2 fragments did not accumulate abnormally in any organ(s) in healthy animals. The correlation in healthy mice of the biodistribution of 125I human IgG to 131I-anti-AFP, and 125I human IgG to 131I-F(ab')2 was good. Human hepatoma xenografts in athymic mice showed uptake of 131I-anti-AFP and the 131I-F(ab')2 fragment. The uptake of 131I-F(ab')2 was improved by liver background subtraction. There was correlation between circulatory alpha-foetoprotein concentrations and tumour uptake of 131I-F(ab')2 in tumour-bearing athymic mice and a definite relationship was found between tumour size and radiolabelled antibody and the F(ab')2 fragment. After the biological action of the 131I-anti-AFP and the 131I-F(ab')2 fragment was known, sterile pyrogen-free consignments were supplied for clinical trials in humans on a regular basis.
 ...
PMID:Radioiodination of murine anti-alpha-foetoprotein E.9 monoclonal antibody and its F(ab')2 fragment for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 245 7

Thirty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by hepatic arterial chemoembolization of microencapslated mitomycin C (MMCmc). The infusion cannulae were placed in the hepatic artery by the Soldinger method, and 10 to 40 mg of MMCmc was injected 1 to 4 times (total doses, 10-110 mg). The evaluation of anti-tumor effects revealed 12 partial responses in 27 evaluable lesions and response rates were 44%. The serum AFP levels were decreased in 70% of patients. The survival rate for 12 months was 35% in all patients, but 67% at Stage III. The control of liver function is also important, because the hepatic failure and esophageal varices were the main causes of death. Side effects such as fever and pain were seen in 70%, but they were mild.
 ...
PMID:[Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization using microencapsulated mitomycin C (MMCmc)]. 245 71

The spontaneous hepatomas of male mice (CBA X C57B1/6)F1 were studied using complex cytologic, histologic, immunochemical, and cytochemical methods. The AFP was detected in trace amount in the serum of tumour-bearing mice and in single cells of hepatomas. As a rule the hepatocarcinoma cells have the polymodal DNA distribution (2C-8C) with major peak of 4 C (in 18 out of 26 cases). More rarely the tumours with predominant diploid and octoploid cells were observed.
 ...
PMID:[Spontaneous hepatomas in hybrid mice (CBA x C57Bl/6)F1]. 246 Mar 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10