Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal antibodies with fine specificities distinguishing alpha-fetoproteins of hepatoma (HEP-AFP) and yolk sac tumor (YST-AFP) origin have been obtained. These murine antibodies were produced by hybridomas made by fusion of X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells with BALB/c spleen cells immunized with either HEP-AFP or YST-AFP and selected for their differential association with these antigens on the basis of Scatchard plot analysis. Three monoclonals (MA120, MA132 and MA136) selectively reacted with HEP-AFP. Their reactivity with YST-AFP was low. One monoclonal (MA122) reacted strongly with YST-AFP, whereas the reaction with HEP-AFP was significantly less strong. The difference in the association constants of these antibodies for the two AFPs appeared to be due to their specificity for the carbohydrate portions of the AFPs, which are different, at least in part. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining confirmed that MA122 was able to stain sections of an infantile embryonal carcinoma, but not of hepatoma.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies with fine specificities distinguishing alpha-fetoproteins of hepatoma and yolk sac tumor origin. 243 Sep 23

The 20-year period since the discovery of AFP by Abelev has seen the introduction of a wide range of new tumour markers and it is now clear that PLC is biologically heterogeneous. Hepatoblastomas, fibrolamellar carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas may secrete a variety of distinctive markers which are predominantly glycoproteins, and may resemble those found in placenta or fetal liver. Diagnostically, AFP remains the best marker for HCC, both in sensitivity and specificity; it is known to consist of isoforms. In patients with elevated serum AFP and filling defects on liver scan, Con A reactive AFP may differentiate PLC from hepatic metastases, whilst fucosylated AFP may distinguish PLC from benign disorders when AFP is non-diagnostically elevated. With this recognition of tumour heterogeneity the value of a multiple-marker approach has become apparent. The measurement of vitamin B12 binding protein and neurotensin should lead to the detection of most patients with the fibrolamellar variant of HCC and many of these should be resectable. In patients with normal serum AFP levels, HCC-associated GGTP is of major value whilst in low-incidence areas for HCC, patients should also be screened for H-ALP; using a multiple marker approach in high-risk groups, 90% of clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinomas are serologically positive. The Chinese and Alaskan studies, in which small, potentially resectable tumours were detected, suggest that it is now possible to achieve 5-year survival figures of up to 60% in HCC patients detected by screening. The value of such a strategy in low-incidence countries is currently under study. In patient monitoring, as in diagnosis, AFP remains the outstanding marker. In AFP-negative patients, other markers including vitamin B12-binding protein, neurotensin, HCC-specific isoenzymes, des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin and alpha-fucosidase, are of undoubted diagnostic value, but their value as indicants of disease progression remains to be established. In monitoring the response of hepatic metastases, CEA remains the least unsatisfactory marker but should always be used in conjunction with serial ultrasound scans. Tumour markers now play an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of PLC but a role is also emerging in tumour imaging and drug targeting. The next 20 years should see the introduction of tumour markers of high sensitivity and specificity which make a fundamental contribution not only to detection and monitoring, but also to the effective treatment of liver cancer.
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PMID:Tumour markers in diagnosis and management. 243 83

Using 125IudR labeled K562 cells as target cells, peripheral blood of 56 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied for natural killer cell (NK cell) activity. The results show that the NK cell activity is in normal range of 53.97 +/- 4.42% and 50.85 +/- 3.55% in stages I and II of HCC but in stage III, the NK cell activity is markedly depressed, only 31.63 +/- 5.55%. The NK cell activity is much lower in HCC patients with metastasis than without metastasis (33.67 +/- 5.37% versus 50.22 +/- 2.79%). So is it in patients with high concentration than with low concentration of AFP except patients with advanced lesion and low concentration of AFP. After effective treatment, the NK cell activity increased in 10 of 11 patients treated with radical and palliative resection and in 6 of 9 after immunotherapy with BCG, mixed bacterial vaccine or interferon.
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PMID:[Natural killer cell activity of the peripheral blood in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 243 5

The positive rates for NCC-ST-439 in cases where other tumor markers were negative were 16.8% for CA19-9-negative cancer cases and 23.5% for CEA-negative cancer cases. The positive rates obtained using a combination of these three markers were 86% for pancreatic and cholangiocarcinomas, and at least 65% for hepatocellular, rectal and colonic and mammary carcinomas. The following combinations of tumor markers were the best from the standpoint of diagnostic efficiency: NCC-ST-439 + CA19-9 for pancreatic carcinoma, NCC-ST-439 + AFP for hepatocellular carcinoma, and NCC-ST-439 + CEA for rectal and colonic carcinoma. In cases which were positive preoperatively, 83.3% became negative after curative surgery, which reflected the clinical course very well. These results indicate that NCC-ST-439 improves the diagnostic rate in combination with other tumor markers because of its high specificity, and it was evaluated as useful for the monitoring of therapeutic effects.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the NCC-ST-439 EIA kit using serum from patients with various types of cancer and benign disease (2)]. 243 21

Serum CA 19-9 levels have been determined in 20 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients with primary hepatocellular cancer, 15 patients with metastatic liver disease and 10 patients with colorectal cancer. Market elevations 3 times the upper limit of normal were found in all 20 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 out of 15 with metastatic liver disease and 7 out of 18 with hepatoma. As serum AFP and CEA levels are normal in those with pancreatic cancer, the serum CA 19-9 level provides a sensitive and specific test for this malignancy.
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PMID:An initial appraisal of the value of serum carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) levels in patients with pancreatic cancer. 243 45

Five gastric adenocarcinomas and their metastatic nodules in the liver with high serum AFP levels were examined by histologic and immunohistochemical methods. The examination revealed that AFP-producing stomach cancers were poorly differentiated carcinoma cells, especially with medullary arrangements, or pleomorphic or multinucleated giant cells. Well-differentiated papillotubular adenocarcinoma tissues on the glandular epithelium were not stained with anti-AFP. One out of the five AFP-producing adenocarcinomas with medullary patterns resembled liver cell carcinoma on light microscopy. However, an ultrastructural study showed tumor cells of the intestinal type, since the cells possessed a ductal lumina with abundant microvilli and a secretory granules. The findings suggest that the tumor cells differentiated in an intestinal direction rather than hepatic direction. In addition, we noted three simultaneously CEA-positive cases out of five AFP-producing gastric carcinomas. CEA was strongly stained in well differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues in the glandular epithelium or in areas of medullary type carcinoma invasion. However, CEA was not detected in undifferentiated carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Histologic and immunohistochemical studies of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric carcinoma. 244 85

We have used a death-record search to define the frequency of lethal outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection among a population of more than 15,000 overtly healthy blood donors found positive in routine HBsAg testing. We have compared the study population with a control group of some 18,000 donors selected on the basis of a negative test result. The index and control groups were observed for periods reflecting a total of 55 and 59 thousand person-years, respectively. Twenty percent of the 134 deaths identified among HBsAg positive donors were in some way liver related, including seven deaths due to hepatitis, seven to cirrhosis and six to hepatoma. In contrast, only one of the 95 deaths in the control population was liver related, and was due to fatty degeneration of the liver. The majority (four) of the hepatoma deaths occurred among blacks, three of whom were less than 35 at the time of death. In contrast, deaths from cirrhosis were all among whites. We conclude that there is significant mortality associated with the HBsAg positive state, even though the affected individuals may be asymptomatic and well enough to give blood at some stage. We estimate the standardised mortality ratio for hepatoma among HBsAg-positive persons in the United States is at least 27, confirming the association observed in other populations. The risk for hepatoma among young, HBsAg positive black males appears to approach that reported for HBsAg positive males in Taiwan. Data on the feasibility of AFP testing for early detection of hepatoma are included and discussed.
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PMID:Increased risk for lethal forms of liver disease among HBsAg-positive blood donors in the United States. 244 15

Boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been applied clinically, especially in brain-neuro surgery. We intended to expand the application of BNCT for the treatment of abdominal cancers and tried to determine whether MoAb (monoclonal antibody) against AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) could be useful tool to deliver boron-10 (10B) to AH-66 hepatoma cells for BNCT. Firstly, MoAb was boronated by mixing with 10B-compound (Cs2 10B12H11SH) by using N-succinimidyl 3(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). Numbers of 10B atoms bound to an antibody molecule were in proportion to the dose of 10B-compound added, and maximum number of 10B atoms conjugated to an antibody molecule was approximately 1240. Secondly, using this boronated MoAb, 10B was delivered to AH-66 cells, and 11 X 10(9) 10B atoms were estimated to be on and/or in an AH-66 cell. After the irradiation with thermal neutron, boronated AH-66 cells showed decreasing uptake of [3H]TdR in proportion to the number of 10B atoms bound to and/or incorporated into the tumor cells. These results indicate that 10B atoms delivered by MoAb exert cytotoxic effect on AH-66 cells in a dose dependent manner by thermal neutron irradiation.
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PMID:Preliminary study for application of anti-alpha-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody to boron-neutron capture therapy. 244 30

Possibilities for the early diagnosis of hepatoma, gallbladder-biliary tract cancer and pancreas cancer became getting higher by using method of monoclonal antibody. AFP, gamma-GTP, hepatoma specific gamma-GTP, P-III-P, PIVKA-II and 5'-NPD-V are sensitive and useful markers for diagnosis of hepatoma, CA 19-9 and CEA for gallbladder-biliary tract cancer and pancreas cancer, and DUPAN-2 and POA for pancreas cancer. Screening of sera of the patients with these tumor markers combined with image diagnosis are necessary for early and accurate diagnosis of the cancers. Everlasting effort to get the more sensitive and specific tumor markers are necessary. And missile therapy binding anti-cancer drugs to monoclonal antibodies are expected.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in hepatoma, gallbladder-biliary tract and pancreas cancer]. 244 92

A monoclonal immunoenzymometric assay for alpha-fetoprotein (M-AFP) was evaluated with respect to its utility in monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Earlier (Clin Chem 1986;32:1318-22), we found this immunoassay to demonstrate abilities similar to polyclonal AFP assays, and we suggested that changes in M-AFP correlated with changes in intrahepatic tumor volume in most HCC patients. In the present study, 107 HCC patients were evaluated between 1978 and 1986. Patient demographics characterized this study population as being similar to those seen in regions with low incidence of HCC. Changes in serum M-AFP concentration correlated moderately (r = 0.55) with changes in intrahepatic tumor volume. The AFP concentration in serum was found to be a statistically significant independent predictor of survival; patients with above-normal M-AFP (AFP[+]) at presentation demonstrated a median survival time of 10 months, compared with 16 months for patients with "normal" values for M-AFP (AFP[-]) (P = 0.008). This prognostic pattern persisted when adjusted for serum bilirubin concentration (AFP[+] 12 months vs AFP[-] 29 months, P = 0.01).
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PMID:Monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma by using a monoclonal immunoenzymometric assay for alpha-fetoprotein. 244 67


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