Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Purification of alpha-fetoprotein from mouse hepatoma BW7756 extracts was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. These procedures produced a 5.6% yield of alpha-fetoprotein with 96% purity. Polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, extended agarose electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that mouse hepatoma alpha-fetoprotein migrated at pH 8.6 as a rapid alpha1, or postalbumin globulin. Crossed antibody electrophoresis of the agarose zone containing alpha-fetoprotein failed to demonstrate microheterogeneity. Molecular weight analysis of the mouse hepatoma alpha-fetoprotein on a calibrated Sephadex G-200 column yielded a value of 72 000-73 000 for the native protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis subsequently demonstrated a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 72 000. Amino acid analysis showed the alpha-fetoprotein to be an acidic protein dominated by hydrophobic residues. The total carbohydrate content was 5.5%, and 3 mol of sialic acid were detected per mol of alpha-fetoprotein. Although neutral sugars were the principal class present, galactosamine was the most abundant single sugar detected.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of alpha-fetoprotein from the mouse hepatoma BW7756. 6 68

Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined in sera of 122 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma seen in Japan, using both the counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. It was positive in 49.2% of the patients with RIA, but the level of antigen in serum was relatively low since positivity rate by counterimmunoelectrophoresis was only 10.7%, The degree of antigenemia as assessed from the count relative to the cut-off value in RIA, was increased during the clinical course in 75% of the patients. The antigen tended to rise in concentration when the tumor grew at a rapid rate, when damage to liver parenchyma was extensive, or in patients receiving chemotherapy. There was also a tendency for less frequent positive antigen tests in patients with higher alpha-fetoprotein levels. Illustrative cases are presented with discussion on the possible explanation for the change in the degree of antigenemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigenemia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to clinical course and alpha-fetoprotein. 6 61

Sixteen necropsies and 4 cases of hepatic resection in which the liver had a solitary hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 4.5 cm, or a few tumor nodules smaller than 3.5 cm, have been analyzed. Clinically, these patients presented with signs and symptoms compatible with cirrhosis and, of the 16 autopsy cases only 2 had been diagnosed correctly. In all but 4 cases, the noncancerous parenchyma showed advanced cirrhosis of the mixed type, with irregularly sized multilobular nodules and thin strands of stroma, different from typical alcoholic cirrhosis. The primary lesion was grossly encapsulated in the majority, suggesting a slow, expanding growth. Histologically, most primaries were relatively well differentiated. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was generally low, and it served as the major diagnostic clue in only 5 cases. In patients with mildly abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels, continuous monitoring seems important in order to detect a steady rise, the first warning for tumor growth.
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PMID:Clinicopathological studies of minute hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of 20 cases, including 4 with hepatic resection. 6 81

An association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) has been found in several studies in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere. In this paper we considered the interrelations between several events related to HBV infection, which include the presence of: 1) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 2) antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), 3) antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), 4) chronic liver disease, 5) elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and 6) PHC. With the use of preliminary epidemiologic data, risk factors related to these events were calculated. We suggested that the interactions between these events and HBV infection in parents be used to estimate the risk of PHC for an individual in this environment.
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PMID:Forecasting the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by the use of risk factors: studies in West Africa. 6 19

The Morris hepatocellular carcinoma 7777 is productive of extraordinarily high levels of the oncofetal protein, alpha-fetoprotein. Its chromosome composition was examined in detail since it represents the only near-diploid tumor of such productivity and has been reported to demonstrate a single unusual chromosomal alteration. The major finding is the presence of a submetacentric marker chromosome, composed of a No. 7 chromosome and a short arm that demonstrated a poorly defined banding pattern on Giemsa staining. This marker is unique to 7777 and is of particular interest in view of recent reports of an association between such unbanded chromosome arms and supraproduction of cell products.
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PMID:Chromosome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma 7777 and correlation with alpha-fetoprotein production. 6 10

Antibodies to autologous alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were produced in mice by immunization with rat AFP. C57L/J mice with or without such antibodies were inoculated sc or ip with controlled numbers of cells of the syngeneic, AFP-producing, BW 7756 hepatoma. There was a linear relationship between circulating AFP and tumor mass, with elevated AFP being detectable earlier than the tumor. The AFP levels of the immunized mice were generally lower than those of control mice, and tumors could be detected before elevated concentrations of AFP appeared in the circulation. An extensive series of transplantations with varying protocols for immunization did not protect against tumor and did not affect the rate of tumor growth.
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PMID:Effect of specific immunotherapy with preimmunization against alpha-fetoprotein on a mouse transplantable hepatoma. 6 32

Human alpha-fetoprotein has been isolated from the serum and ascitic fluid of a patient with hepatoma by a combination of immunoadsorbent column chromatography and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. Human alpha-fetoprotein is a sialylated glycoprotein with an estimated molecular weight of 67 500, composed of a single-chain polypeptide of approximately 580 amino acid residues and 3.6% carbohydrate. It is a negatively charged protein with an acid isoelectric point (pH 4.57). In addition to the monomeric form of alpha-fetoprotein, we have identified human alpha-fetoprotein polymers, including dimeric and trimeric forms, which dissociate to the monomer only upon exposure to disulfide-reducing reagents, implying that their formation is dependent upon intermolecular disulfide bonds. These polymers are found in human alpha-fetoprotein isolated by isoelectric focusing in both the major (pI 4.57) and minor (pI 5.2) alpha-fetoprotein fractions. The first 17 residues of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the hepatoma-derived human alpha-fetoprotein have been identified. Fetal alpha-fetoprotein is indistinguishable from hepatoma alpha-fetoprotein by several criteria, including immunoelectrophoresis, acryalmide gel electrophoresis, and proclivity for dimerization.
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PMID:Studies on human alpha-fetoprotein. Isolation and characterization of monomeric and polymeric forms and amino-terminal sequence analysis. 7 Feb 28

Eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and positive serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were treated by hepatic artery legation and postoperative chemotherapy. Three patterns of clinical response were discerned. First, a marked decrease in AFP levels was found in five patients following the treatment. Three of these patients are alive, all with lowered or normal serum AFP levels at 20, 22, and 60 weeks after operation. Second, two patients displayed only a transient decrease in AFP levels followed by a gradual increase. Third, there was a continuous increase in AFP levels in one patient who showed no clinical improvement. The serum AFP levels in each case appeared to correlate with the prognosis of these patients. Thus, serial measurements of AFP levels may provide an index to assess the clinical result of hepatic artery ligation in patients affected with hepatoma.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels after hepatic artery ligation and postoperative chemotherapy: correlation with clinical status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 7 Feb 65

Hepatomas secreting large amounts of alpha-fetoprotein were induced in Fischer rats by the continuous feeding of 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. Serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in the 59 hepatoma-bearing rats ranged from 92--3260 microgram/ml (mean, 972 microgram/ml; median, 830 microgram/ml) at the time of primary tumor transplantation.
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PMID:Induction of hepatomas secreting large amounts of alpha-fetoprotein. 7 Feb 69

It is well known that primary hepatocellular carcinoma could be derived from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in epidemiologic studies. However, it is still not clear what kinds of hepatocyte are premalignant cells. Recently we have focused on liver cell dysplasia as a possible premalignant cell, and showed localization of alpha-fetoprotein in the cytoplasma of these cells. Although the dysplastic cells were often seen in the liver of chronic active hepatitis, hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity was also significantly high in the sera from the patients with chronic active hepatitis. In this paper, we discuss the possible role of hepatitis B virus through hepatocarcinogenesis in human.
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PMID:Early lesions and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in man--association with hepatitis B viral infection. 7 Mar 87


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