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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was investigated in 75 patients with histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis Bs-antigen (HBs-Ag) was found in 30.8% and evidence of present or past infection in 61.5%. In a control group of 115 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies in whom evidence of a coexistent HCC was lacking, the corresponding numbers were significantly lower (16.5% and 41.7% resp., p less than 0.05). Below the age of 65 years, markers of present or past HBV-infection were significantly more frequent than in patients above 65 years of age (p less than 0.025). All patients positive for HBs-Ag had an underlying cirrhosis; in seven cases, HCC was found in a non-cirrhotic liver. Alpha-fetoprotein measurements failed to identify patients with HCC in up to 43.6% of the HBs-Ag negative cases. It is concluded that HBV-infection does represent a cofactor in the malignant transformation of the liver, even in areas of lower incidence. Alpha-fetoprotein measurements need to be complemented by other investigations if early recognition of HCC is to lead to better survival.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection. Analysis of 75 cases from Switzerland. 619 40

Owing to recent findings of certain unusual sex steroid binding in liver disease--particularly an allosteric biphasic pattern (pattern A) unique to the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma--the serum binding characteristics for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were examined in serum samples from six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who had developed hepatocellular carcinoma. In all serum samples taken after the development of tumour pattern A binding only was obtained, and in four cases in which earlier samples were also examined there was a transformation from the normal, non-specific binding pattern, or an allosteric plateau pattern seen in non-malignant liver disease (designated D and C respectively), to pattern A coincident with the rise in serum alpha fetoprotein. In one patient chemotherapy leading to a fall in alpha fetoprotein abolished pattern A binding, showing further its close association with tumour growth. The value of pattern A binding as a tumour marker in hepatocellular carcinoma warrants further study.
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PMID:Sex steroid binding patterns in primary biliary cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. 620 16

Tumor cell marker antibodies were used to analyze ten cases of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. Clinically, eight of these cases gave a history of chronic alcoholism and the other two of hepatitis B virus infection. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from these cases were screened with antibodies against alpha fetoprotein (AFP), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using the peroxidase antiperoxidase and avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedures. Three cases were positive for AFP, four for HBsAg, and three for CEA; two cases had both HBsAg and CEA. Alpha fetoprotein was present only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in three cases. Hepatitis B surface antigen, on the other hand, was present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in cirrhotic areas and, in one out of the four cases, was also present in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen was seen in three cases; it was present on the surface and in the cytoplasm of proliferating ducts within the cirrhotic areas and between cell surfaces of individual tumor cells in two cases. The presence of different markers was not related to the microscopic appearance of the tumors. In one case, positivity for AFP was of diagnostic help in a tissue sample obtained by needle biopsy. The avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure was more sensitive than the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP technique in the pathological assessment of autopsy specimens. Our findings are in agreement with those of other reports and indicate that AFP and HBsAg are the most commonly found markers in hepatoma associated with cirrhosis, and that CEA staining is variable and hepatoma associated with cirrhosis, and that CEA staining is variable and probably non-contributory.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. 621 34

Primary hepatoma was found in a 38-year-old female who had been using an oral contraceptive for 28 months. Histologically the hepatoma was a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein was not increased and tests for HBS antigen was negative. Carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated remarkably before death. The findings of hepatic arteriography and peritoneoscopy suggested metastatic tumors of the liver rather than primary hepatoma. During the course of the disease, phlebothrombosis occurred and spread widely in the lower left limb. The observation of erythrocytosis indicated the presence of a tumor producing erythropoietin or an erythropoietin-like substance.
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PMID:An autopsy case of primary hepatoma associated with an oral contraceptive. 629 50

Seven cases of ovarian yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) with patterns resembling those of hepatocellular carcinoma were encountered in patients 7-43 years of age. Two of the patients had gonadal dysgenesis with a 46XY karyotype. At operation three tumors were confined to the ovary and four were associated with intra-abdominal metastases. Two of the Stage I tumors recurred within one year. The hepatoid pattern was a prominent feature of all the tumors and was exclusive in four of them. In one specimen it merged almost imperceptibly with a polyvesicular vitelline pattern. The hepatoid component of the tumors was characterized by discrete masses, nests and/or broad bands of large polyhedral cells with central nuclei and prominent nucleoli; gland-like spaces, some of which contained mucin, were occasionally evident. Each tumor contained numerous PAS-positive, diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. Alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were identified by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in four tumors and albumin in two. Immunoperoxidase stains for chorionic gonadotropin were negative in four cases. Ultrastructural analysis of two specimens disclosed features similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatoid yolk sac tumor of the ovary (endodermal sinus tumor with hepatoid differentiation): a light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. 713 31

beta-D-mannoside beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) catalyzes the addition of N-acetylglucosamine in beta 1-4 linkage to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of N-linked oligosaccharides and forms a bisecting GlcNAc structure. Although the biological meaning of the bisecting GlcNAc structure remains unclear, it is known that the attachment of a bisecting GlcNAc inhibits further processing of oligosaccharides by other glycosyltransferases. To investigate whether or not structural changes of oligosaccharides affect secretion and gene expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV), we introduced the GnT-III gene into a human hepatoma cell line, HB611, which secreted HBV-related proteins into the medium. Positive transfectants were cloned by hygromycin resistant selection. Three clones have high activities of GnT-III and secreted lower levels of HBV-related proteins into the medium in comparison with other clones. These clones showed marked suppression of HBV-related mRNAs and an increased binding with E-PHA as judged by lectin blot. Expression of beta actin, alpha fetoprotein, albumin, and prealubmin was not correlated with GnT-III activity in all the seven clones. Treatment of these cells with tunicamycin or swainsonine resulted in enhanced expression of HBV-related mRNA. These results indicate that some glycoproteins whose oligosaccharide structures are changed by over-expression of GnT-III suppress HBV gene expression.
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PMID:Transfection of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III gene suppresses expression of hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line, HB611. 749 30

Hepatocellular carcinoma appears to be associated with hepatitis B and C infections and is common in patients with cirrhosis caused by chronic viral hepatitis. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma can lead to early detection and surgical intervention, resulting in improved survival rates. Patients with cirrhosis or unexplained elevation of alphafetoprotein levels should be examined every 3 to 6 months. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis but no underlying liver disease and normal levels of alpha fetoprotein may be examined yearly. Seronegative contacts of hepatitis B virus carriers should be immunized.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma. Identifying and screening populations at increased risk. 750 52

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a 590 amino acid polypeptide that was initially defined as an embryonal serum globulin. The yolk sac endoderm, fetal liver and fetal gut were shown to be the main sites of AFP synthesis in the embryo (Gitlin and Boesman, J. Clin. Invest. 46: 1010-1016, 1967). AFP synthesis is still continued in human adults (Ruoslahti and Seppala, Int. J. Cancer 8: 374-383, 1971) although the physiological level of serum AFP is lower than 10 ng/ml. AFP was also demonstrated in certain tumors and in various diseases or conditions such as yolk sac tumor, hepatoma, hepatoblastoma, acute and chronic liver cirrhosis, pregnancy and so on (Abelev, Adv. Cancer Res. 14: 295-358, 1971; Ruoslahti and Seppala, Cancer Res. 29: 275-346, 1979). Salivary glands have not been implicated in AFP synthesis. We investigated the expression of AFP in normal human salivary glands by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against AFP, and documented immunoreactivity in intercalated and striated ducts of adult human submandibular glands.
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PMID:Production of alpha-fetoprotein by human submandibular gland. 750 51

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to develop either on a background of preneoplastic lesions as multistep carcinogenesis or on a liver without such a lesion as de novo. The latter course can be assumed by our clinical experience of imaging diagnosis and by follow up studies of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) producing HCCs. Although serial checkup of AFP is important, serological or genetic approach is little use for early detection of HCC. At present, imaging diagnosis especially ultrasound is the best modality for detecting early developing HCC. The most reliable way for the final diagnosis of the detected mass is done by aspiration histology using a 21G needle with ultrasound guidance. Recent new imaging modalities such as contrast enhanced ultrasound using CO2 microbubbles or CTAP are not so reliable as aspiration histology, especially in tumors less than 15 mm in diameter.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 750 20

Sera from 80 Malaysians with confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma were tested for five markers of the hepatitis B virus, anti-HCV and anti-HDV by enzyme immunoassay, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Of the patients, 98.8% had evidence of HBV infection and 75% were positive for HBsAg--which latter correlated with AFP raised above cut-off values of 500 ng/ml (P = 0.0001) and 200 ng/ml (P = 0.005). Males correlated significantly with the presence of HBsAg (P = 0.002). Thirty-one per cent of HBsAg positive patients were also positive for HBeAg and 74% for anti-HBe. Twenty per cent of the cases were concurrently positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs. Six of 70 (8.6%) patients were positive for anti-HCV, of whom four were also positive for HBsAg. None of 67 patients tested for anti-HDV were positive. The results strongly indicate an important aetiological role for hepatitis B virus in causation of hepatocellular carcinoma among Malaysians.
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PMID:Hepatitis markers in Malaysians with hepatocellular carcinoma. 751 5


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