Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred benign and malignant primary liver tumours were screened immunocytochemically for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin and vimentin. Alpha-fetoprotein was found in 16/63 (24%) hepatocellular carcinomas and in two hepatoblastomas. When comparing tissue positivity for AFP with tumour differentiation, grade 1 hepatocellular carcinomas were found to be negative, while 21% of grade 2, 36% of grade 3 and 16% of grade 4, respectively, stained positively. Alpha-fetoprotein positive cells were present in 9/10 hepatocellular carcinomas with serum levels exceeding 5000 ng/ml, but were absent in 17 tumours with serum AFP levels below 5000 ng/ml. All tumours other than hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas were AFP negative. Carcinoembryonic antigen was present in 72% of cholangiocarcinomas, but was demonstrated in only one hepatocellular carcinoma. This exception was a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in which CEA expression was restricted to the cholangiocellular part. Alpha 1-antitrypsin was found in 4/63 hepatocellular carcinomas, in 2/2 fibrolamellar carcinomas and in 2/18 cholangiocarcinomas. Alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in one hepatocellular carcinoma and was strongly expressed in both fibrolamellar carcinomas. Weak staining for keratin was seen in most tumours with hepatocellular differentiation. All cholangiocarcinomas, in contrast, were strongly labelled with the keratin antibody. Co-expression of keratin and vimentin was observed in seven poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas and three cholangiocarcinomas as well as in the two hepatoblastomas. The findings suggest that AFP is a diagnostic but rather insensitive immunocytochemical marker for hepatocellular differentiation in malignant liver tumours; CEA and keratin may help in discriminating cholangiocarcinomas from hepatocellular carcinomas.
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PMID:The significance of alpha-fetoprotein and other tumour markers in differential immunocytochemistry of primary liver tumours. 247 45

A human hepatoma cell line, designated HCC-T, was established. The tumor was surgically obtained from a Japanese male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in a cirrhotic liver that had supposedly developed from nonAnonB (NANB) chronic hepatitis. HCC-T exhibited a typical morphology of epithelial cells in culture. Population doubling time was 24 hours and HCC-T cells had characteristics of malignant cells demonstrated by the ability to grow in a soft agar medium and transplantability to nude mice. The histologic condition of the tumor transplanted to a nude mouse showed similarity to the original tumor. A chromosome analysis showed that there were ten identifiable marker chromosomes and sex chromosomes with its modal number of 64. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) production was demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence study, but albumin or hepatitis B surface antigen were not detectable. The integration of hepatitis B viral DNA was not demonstrable in the genome of HCC-T cells or the original hepatoma.
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PMID:Establishment of a human cell line (HCC-T) from a patient with hepatoma bearing no evidence of hepatitis B or A virus infection. 247 66

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing capacity and some other properties of human hepatoma cell lines treated with chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitomycin C, Adriamycin, cisplatinum, and 5-fluorouracil were investigated. In the case of hepatoma cells that can be grown in culture following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents, their AFP-producing capacity was almost equal to that of untreated control cells with a few exceptions. On the other hand, in the case of similarly treated hepatoma cells that cannot be grown in culture, their AFP-producing capacity was quite different from that of untreated control cells. Under these conditions chromosomal and morphological aberrations were also observed in the treated cells. The present study shows that AFP-producing capacity of hepatoma cells can be changed by chemotherapeutic agents, probably through chromosomal mutation.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing capacity, chromosomal and morphological properties in human hepatoma cells treated with various chemotherapeutic agents. 248 69

Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was diagnosed in a 54-year-old male who had been known to carry a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from June, 1983. Prompt remission was achieved with combination chemotherapy of BHAC-DMP. Follow-up maintenance and an intensification of this chemotherapy had been given for five years. He was readmitted to our hospital in March, 1988 because a mass was detected in the right lobe of the liver by ultrasonography. His serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was found to be 180.1 ng/ml, and was diagnosed as having a hepatocellular carcinoma though there was no evidence of liver cirrhosis. A curative right hepatectomy was performed in May, 1988 after transcatheter arterial embolization and portal embolization. After resection of the tumor, the AFP level decreased to 10.7 ng/ml and no HbsAg was detected in the serum.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with a curative segmentectomy five years after complete remission of acute myeloblastic leukemia]. 254 80

The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequently occurring primary hepatic tumour. Particular difficulties in diagnosis are encountered with the highly differentiated carcinoma. The imaging processes are of varying rank. Sonography and CT--and with some restrictions also scintigraphy--can represent focal findings in the liver with the highest degree of safety. With the highly differentiated tumour, angiography is less helpful, since it does not supply safe criteria of malignancy. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is not a reliable parameter in case of a small highly differentiated carcinoma. Nevertheless, cirrhosis patients with the greatest risk factor (HBV, haemochromatosis and long-standing alcohol-conditioned cirrhosis of many years) should be followed up and controlled by sonography and AFP determination every 6 months.
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PMID:[Highly differentiated primary liver cell carcinoma. 2 case reports]. 254 28

Primary liver tumour, i.e. hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's most common malignancies. The age-standardized incidence rate varies widely from 6/100,000 (Austria) to 100 and more per 100,000 in Mozambique and Taiwan. In these high-risk areas, infection with hepatitis B virus is considered the main risk factor. In low-incidence areas as in Western Europe, main risk factors are older age, male sex and liver cirrhosis. The prognosis depends mainly on the size of the tumour. Alpha-fetoprotein is an ideal tumour marker for prospective screening in high-incidence areas. There is not much information, however, on the value of this marker for screening in low-incidence areas. There is some information that HCC-associated alkaline phosphatase could be a good tumour marker in non-viral liver tumours. Furthermore, des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin and vitamin B 12-binding protein could be specific markers for tumours in non-cirrhotic livers. But large clinical studies have not yet confirmed the value of these markers. Hormonal and haematological markers and some isoenzymes are tumour markers characterized by high sensitivity but low specificity. There are no specific tumour markers for metastatic liver disease.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in internal medicine hepatology]. 254 32

A critical review of the literature is presented concerning prognostic factors in hepatocarcinoma, notably after surgical resection. Several factors would not seem to play an important prognostic role: age, liver function, alpha fetoprotein level or histological staging of the tumor. Other debatable factors include: sex, since females have a better prognosis, the existence of cirrhosis and the surgical margin of security. On the other hand the situation is clear regarding several other factors such as: size of the tumor, the severity of cirrhosis, the number of nodules, the macroscopic existence of a capsule and the presence or otherwise of portal invasion.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in hepatocarcinoma]. 255 Apr 94

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) subfractions were studied in 38 sera including 34 patients with primary hepatoma and 4 from patients with hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer. Fractionation of AFP was carried out by concanavalin A (Con A) or lentil lectin (LCH) crossed-line affinity immunoelectrophoresis. With use of Con A, fetal-liver-originated subfraction (peak a) was commonly found in both primary hepatoma and metastatic liver cancer, while yolk-sac-originated subfraction (peak b) was detected in 7 of 34 (20.6%) primary hepatomas and 4 of 4 (100%) metastatic liver cancers. With use of LCH, fetal-liver-originated subfractions (peaks A and/or C) were commonly found in both primary hepatoma and hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer, while yolk-sac-originated subfraction (peak B) was found only in metastatic liver cancer. These findings suggest that glycosylation of AFP in primary hepatoma differs from that in hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer. It is also suggested that AFP synthesized in hepatic cancers and fetal liver are differently glycosylated and AFP synthesis of hepatic malignancies are not always retrogenetically expressed, as in case of the fetal liver. Clinically, different patterns of AFP subfraction identified by Con A or LCH crossed-line affinity immunoelectrophoresis facilitate a differential diagnosis of primary hepatoma and hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer, in cases of elevated serum AFP levels. In the current study, attention was also given to the retrogenetic expression of AFP synthesis in hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein subfractions in patients with primary hepatoma or hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer. 257 79

This is a retrospective review of 43 patients who had primary liver cancer diagnosed during 1974-1983. Patients' ages ranged from 27 to 84 years (median 52.5). Nine of 39 patients with hepatoma were females, while two of the four patients with cholangiocarcinoma were women. Hepatitis surface antigen was positive in 90% tested, and 62% had cirrhosis. Also, 60-65% were heavy users of alcohol and cigarettes. Alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in one of four white patients, and in six of eight patients of other races (75%). Tissue diagnosis was obtained by peritoneoscopy in 16, by percutaneous biopsy in 7, by laparotomy in 9, and at autopsy in 11. Only one of 11 patients who were explored has his lesion resected. About half of the cases diagnosed antemortem died 1 month or less after diagnosis. The median survival of hepatoma patients who had no specific treatment or systemic chemotherapy was 2 months. Two patients who received chemotherapy in conjunction with occlusion of the hepatic artery lived 16 to 19 months.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer in a referral hospital in Hawaii. 303 54

This editorial calls for development of quantitative assays for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) which incorporate a long-overdue uniform international standard for AFP. Statistics for presently available detection techniques are reviewed; Double-gel diffusion detects serum AFP in 1/3 white hepatoma patients and 1/3 embryonal gonadal teratoblastomas. Counterimmunoelectophoresis and electroimmunodiffusion detect AFP in more than 50% of white patients with hepatoma and a higher percentage of other racial groups. Sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIAs) can detect AFP in 85-95% of hepatoma patients; the other 5-15% are considered at present not to have AFP-producing tumors. RIAs also discern AFP in 2 other conditions; 1) gastrointestinal tract tumors and entodermally derived tumors; and 2) acute viral hepatitis. AFP in newborns is usually 1-5 mg/100 ml of blood. This level decreases (half-life, 3-5 days) during neonatancy to undetectable levels. AFP is elevated in children with 3 conditions: 1) hepatocellular carcinoma of hepatoblastoma; 2) gonadal teratoblastomas or embryonal carcinoma; and 3) ataxia telangiectasia, but not in other immune deficiency diseases. During gestation, fetal serum AFP reaches a 200-400 mg/100 ml of blood peak in the first trimester which drops to less than 5 mg/100 in newborn unbilical blood. Elevated maternal serum AFP has been shown to mark fetal distress and other pregnancy complications; these amounts are measured in nanorams and require sensitivity.
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PMID:Editorial: Alpha 1-fetoprotein: need for quantitative assays. 412 24


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