Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess frequency and importance of the presence of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and AlAChy as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection antigens in the tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the liver tissue outside a tumour, there have been performed retrospective light-microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations of the liver tissue in 65 cases of HCC (39 autopsy and 26 biopsy cases). The finding of AlAChy in 100% of autopsy cases of HCC and 80.7% of biopsy cases of HCC compared with the presence of AFP in 33% of autopsy and 61.5% of biopsy cases point out that AlAChy is a more sensitive marker than AFP in diagnosing HCC. The presence of HBV infection antigens in 43.5% of autopsy cases and 23.5% of biopsy cases of HCC point to an important role of HBV infection in development of HCC in the studied population.
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PMID:[Association of liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma--immunohistochemical study]. 133 56

A pancreatic carcinoma and liver metastases associated with marked elevation of the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level were resected from a 57-year-old man. On microscopic examination, the tumor cells showed a predominantly acinar arrangement, with tubular and trabecular structures; in some foci it had features of a medullary pattern. Alpha-fetoprotein, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were strongly demonstrated in tumor tissue by immunohistochemical techniques. A biochemical analysis of AFP on affinity sepharose columns revealed that the AFP derived from the tumor tissues was similar to that of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrastructural study showed that most of the tumor cells had abundant rough endoplastic reticulum and numerous zymogen granules. No squamoid corpuscles, neuroendocrine granules, bile production, or bile canaliculi were recognized. These findings suggest that this unique tumor originated from acinar cells.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. 137 64

The molecular basis for the augmented production of alpha-fetoprotein is unknown. We have used in situ hybridization of alpha-fetoprotein cDNA to malignant hepatocytes to establish if increased serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations are related to detectable steady-state levels of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in hepatocytes. Tumor tissue from four patients with histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma were examined, and the results compared to fetal liver. Northern blot hybridization for alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in tumor tissue was also analyzed. As expected a high number of grains was observed in fetal liver tissue, indicative of high levels of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA physiologically present during pre-natal development. Sections from all patients with high serum concentrations of alpha fetoprotein showed appreciable hybrid formation, which correlated semi-quantitatively with the serum concentrations. However, hybrids were not detected in a patient with a normal serum alpha-fetoprotein. The high alpha-fetoprotein mRNA levels in fetal and neoplastic liver suggest that gene transcription is the mechanism of alpha-fetoprotein production in malignancy, although the control of this mechanism remains speculative.
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PMID:Increased steady-state levels of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis by in situ hybridization. 137 68

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were studied in 51 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma that presented to the Surgical Hepatobiliary Unit at Westmead Hospital over 12 years. Twenty-three were hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and 13 of those patients were Asian. Thirteen patients drank more than 60 g of alcohol each day. A significantly raised level of AFP was defined as more than 20 ng/mL, and 31 of the 51 patients had AFP levels exceeding this at some stage during surveillance. Twenty-five demonstrated levels above 200 ng/mL. Univariate statistical methods suggested that men were more likely to express raised AFP than women, Asians more likely than other races, patients with chronic active hepatitis more likely than those without and those with chronic hepatitis B infection more likely than those who were HBsAg negative. Those who drank more than 60 g alcohol each day were less likely to demonstrate a raised serum AFP than those who drank less. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that HBsAg carriage was the only statistically significant independent determinant of a raised AFP. Age 65 years or more was associated with a chance of a raised AFP.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinical study. 138 Dec 28

Alpha-fetoprotein in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was fractionated into three peaks by affinity chromatography on a column of Lens culinaris agglutinin-Sepharose 4B. One peak (the first peak), which passed through the column without adsorption, was found in both healthy subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The second and third peaks were reactive with L. culinaris agglutinin and found only in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. For alpha-fetoprotein in the second and third peaks, a novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay) was developed. Alpha-fetoprotein in test serum was reacted with dinitrophenyl affinity-purified anti-alpha-fetoprotein IgG, and the complex formed was trapped onto affinity-purified (antidinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG-coated polystyrene balls. The polystyrene balls were washed to eliminate substance(s) other than alpha-fetoprotein in the test serum, and the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine. The eluted complex containing alpha-fetoprotein in the second and third peaks was trapped onto L. culinaris agglutinin-coated polystyrene balls and reacted with affinity-purified anti-alpha-fetoprotein Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate. Beta-D-galactosidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorimetry. The maximal volume of serum that could be used without interference was 20 microliters, which was 100-fold larger than that in the previous enzyme immunoassay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Novel and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune-complex-transfer enzyme immunoassay) for alpha-fetoprotein from hepatocellular carcinoma. 169 71

From June 1981 to June 1989 we diagnosed 174 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at our institution (Piacenza, Northern Italy). Average age was 65.6 years; male to female ratio 3.4. 149 patients were cirrhotic (85.6%); alcohol abuse was present in 88/169 (52.1%); in 53/145 patients all hepatitis B virus markers were negative. Alpha-fetoprotein showed a low diagnostic sensitivity (values above 500 ng only in 49/169 or 29.0%). We used ultrasound (US) examination with a very high identification rate in all cases; pathological diagnosis was achieved by US guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 135 patients; in 13, by laparoscopy-histology. Metastases were found in 24/169 cases (14.2%); a second malignancy was diagnosed in 13/169 (7.7%): the most common association was HCC-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Only 14 patients could be referred to surgery, which significantly improved prognosis.
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PMID:Diagnostic aspects and follow-up of 174 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Second report. 170 84

Six cases of primary hepatic carcinomas with a significant amount of sarcomatoid elements were examined by using immunohistochemical stainings. Four of the six cases were associated with ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), and one with mixed HCC and CCC. Alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were negative in sarcomatoid cells of all cases; vimentin stained positively in sarcomatoid tumor cells in two of the six cases; and cytokeratin (CK8) was detected in five cases. The CK8 was not detected in tumor cells of two cases of hepatic angiosarcoma, two of metastatic leiomyosarcomas, and one of metastatic fibrosarcoma, although vimentin stained positively in all these true sarcomas. It was concluded that sarcomatoid dedifferentiation of liver carcinomas might derive from both HCC and CCC. In addition CK8 might be an excellent marker to make a differential diagnosis of sarcomatoid cancers from true metastatic or primary sarcomas of the liver.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of sarcomatoid liver carcinomas. 171 Sep 48

To increase antitumor effects of transcatheter arterial embolization therapy (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), immunochemo-embolization therapy via hepatic artery was performed with a mixture of doxorubicin and iodized oil (LPD) following a mixture of gamma-IFN, OK-432 and gelatin sponge, and then a mixture of actinomycin D and gelatin sponge. Three patients with HCC were treated by this procedure. One patient had tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava (IVC). The serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels before this procedure ranged from 66 ng/ml to 8,360 ng/ml. Following this procedure, the serum AFP levels began to decrease for 1-3 months, then increased for 3-6 months, and again suddenly decreased under 10 ng/ml in two cases after initial procedure. The serum AFP levels of two cases revealed under 10 ng/ml for 9-18 months. CT after 2 weeks to 3 months of this procedure showed a low-density area around LPD-uptaking tumor and after 1-8 months decreased tumor in size with diminishing of the low-density area. Therapy for the main tumor of one case with tumor thrombus of IVC proved to be effective, but it was not effective for tumor thrombus of IVC. The reasons that the serum AFP level increased after decreasing for 1-3 months and then fell below 10 ng/ml following this procedure, may be some kinds of immunological antitumor effects produced by endogenous cytokines.
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PMID:[Immunochemo-embolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 171 55

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a very useful tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumor, is rarely elevated in other malignant tumors. However, since 1978, 9 cases of non-hepatocellular malignant tumor with elevated AFP (greater than 400 ng/ml), 3/206 gastric carcinoma, 1/112 esophageal carcinoma, 1/87 colorectal carcinoma, 2/83 pancreatic carcinoma and 2/192 lung cancer had been collected. Seven of the 9 cases had liver involvement. AFP might be originated from the tumor cells of the primary cancer and, in cases with liver metastases, from the regenerative hepatocytes surrounding the metastatic foci. It is of the opinion that elevated AFP is not specific for hepatocellular carcinoma, as it may also be seen in the other malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Alpha-fetoprotein in non-hepatocellular malignant tumors]. 171 96

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected, by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion technique, in 81.5% of patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The test gave negative results with 35 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 7 haemochromatosis, 6 micronodular cirrhosis and 2 cholangiocellular carcinoma. Curiously, one patient with postnecrotic cirrhosis, a well recognized sequela of viral hepatitis, whose liver cell regeneration also showed "atypical changes", was AFP positive. AFP was not detected in sera from the general population which comprised 1029 male blood donors, 144 antenatal and 106 maternity cases. The only exception was the case of a woman who aborted a 5-month old foetus. A follow-up serum sample taken 3 months later was, however, negative for AFP. The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (25.9%) was 4 to 5 times higher than that in the general population. This strong association between HBsAg and primary liver cancer in countries where liver tumours are often AFP secretors suggests a role for hepatitis B virus, not only in the aetiology of the cancer, but also in the reactivation of the gene encoding this foetal protein.
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PMID:A study of alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer in Tanzania. 172 52


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