Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis on cell migration, the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the adhesion of human hepatoma cell lines has been investigated. A close correlation was observed between the expression of COX-2 under basal conditions and the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Cell migration in HuH-7 cells, which express high constitutive levels of COX-2 was significantly inhibited by selective inhibitors of COX-2 and enhanced by exogenous addition of PGE2. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells expressed beta1 and alphaV beta3 integrins, exhibiting an increase in cell adhesion onto fibronectin and vitronectin. Moreover, addition of PGE2 increased the beta1 integrin levels and adhesion on vitronectin in HuH-7 cells. Inhibitors of MEK/ERK, p38 MAPK, protein kinases A and C impaired the migration of HuH-7 cells induced by PGE2, indicating the involvement of multiple pathways in the process. Taken together, these results support the existence of a relationship between COX-2-derived PGE2 synthesis, and migration and adhesion through an integrin-dependent pathway in HCC cells.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E2 promotes migration and adhesion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 1566 7

The present study examined the effect of hepatoma-associated antigen HAb18G (homologous to CD147) expression on the NO/cGMP-regulated Ca2+ mobilization to induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) production and attenuate adhesion ability of mouse fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells. HAb18G/CD147 cDNA was transfected into fibroblast 3T3 cells to obtain a cell line stably expressing HAb18G/CD147, t3T3, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry assays. 8-Bromo-cGMP inhibited the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ entry in 3T3 cells, whereas an inhibitor of protein kinase G, KT5823 (1 microM), led to an increase in Ca2+ entry. Expression of HAb18G/CD147 in t3T3 cells decreased the inhibitory response to cGMP. A similar effect on the Ca2+ entry was observed in 3T3 cells in response to an NO donor, (+/-)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). The inhibitory effect of SNAP on the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ entry was also reduced in HAb18G/CD147-expressing t3T3 cells, indicating a role for HAb18G/CD 147 in NO/cGMP-regulated Ca2+ entry. Results of gelatin zymography assays showed that addition of extracellular Ca2+ induced MMP (MMP-2, MMP-9) release and activation in a dose-dependent manner, and expression of HAb18G/CD147 enhanced the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 3T3 cells. 8-Bromo-cGMP and SNAP reduced the production of MMP in 3T3 cells but not in t3T3 with HAb18G/CD147 expression. RT-PCR experiments substantiated that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA in HAb18G/CD 147-expressing t3T3 cell was significantly greater than that in 3T3 cells. Experiments investigating adhesion potentials demonstrated that HAb18G/CD147-expressing t3T3 cells pretreated with Ca2+ attached to Matrigel-coated culture plates significantly less efficiently than 3T3 cells. The proportion of attached cells could be increased by treatment with 8-bromo-cGMP and SNAP in 3T3 cells, but not in t3T3. These results suggest that HAb18G/CD147 attenuates adhesion potentials in fibroblasts by enhancing the secretion of MMP through NO/cGMP-sensitive capacitative Ca2+ entry.
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PMID:HAb18G/CD147 enhances the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) via cGMP/NO-sensitive capacitative calcium entry (CCE) and accordingly attenuates adhesion ability of fibroblasts. 1572 16

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) relate to the growth and infiltration of cancer cells, but the frequency and amount of their expression are not yet fully examined in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, MT2-MMP, MT3-MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP: TIMP-1, TIMP-2) was investigated on cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and surgically resected HCC tissues. The cultured cells and tissues expressed MMPs and TIMPs at various degrees, and high expression was observed for MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2. Expression of MMP-7, MT2-MMP and TIMP-1 was found at a low frequency and a low amount in both the cells and the tissues. MMP-2 was expressed in various cells: HCC cells, vascular wall and sinusoidal endothelial cells in the cancer area of surgically resected tissues; and hepatocytes, bile duct cells, vascular wall, macrophages and Kupffer cells in the non-cancerous area. MMPs and TIMPs were expressed at a relatively high frequency in hepatocytes of the cancerous area and surrounding non-cancerous area as well as in the other cells and tissues. MMPs and TIMPs may be involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma including the infiltration of cancer cells.
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PMID:Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and surgically resected HCC tissues. 1587 Sep 19

Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a hydrolysis compound of gluconasturtiin, is metabolized to N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-PEITC in the body after the consumption of cruciferous vegetables. We observed an inhibitory effect of PEITC and its metabolite NAC-PEITC on cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration and metastasis in SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells. PEITC and NAC-PEITC suppressed SK-Hep1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and exposure to 10 microM PEITC or NAC-PEITC reduced cell proliferation by 25% and 30%, respectively. NAC-PEITC inhibited cancer cell adhesion, invasion and migration to a similar or to an even larger degree than PEITC. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP-9 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a known risk factor for metastatic disease. Gelatin zymography analysis revealed a significant downregulation of MMP-2/MMP-9 protein expression in SK-Hep1 cells treated with 0.1-5 microM PEITC or NAC-PEITC. PEITC and NAC-PEITC treatment caused dose-dependent decreases in MMP-2/MMP-9 and MT1-MMP mRNA levels, as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. PEITC and NAC-PEITC also increased the mRNA levels of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs) 1 and 2. Our data suggest that this inhibition is mediated by downregulation of MMP and upregulation of TIMPs.
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PMID:Phenylethyl isothiocyanate and its N-acetylcysteine conjugate suppress the metastasis of SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells. 1656 23

Cruciferous vegetables contain a series of relatively unique secondary metabolites of amino acids, called glucosinolates. Sinigrin, the predominant aliphatic glucosinolate in cruciferous vegetables, is hydrolyzed to yield allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), which, after absorption and metabolism in humans, is excreted in the urine as an N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugate. We have determined the inhibitory effects of AITC and its NAC conjugate on cell proliferation, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), adhesion, invasion, and migration in SK-Hep 1 human hepatoma cells. Our results demonstrate that AITC and NAC-AITC suppress SK-Hep 1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; by 25% and 30% for 10 microM AITC and 10 microM NAC-AITC, respectively. We examined the influence of AITC and NAC-AITC on the gene expression of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs). Gelatin zymography also revealed a significant downregulation of MMP-2/-9 expression in SK-Hep1 cells treated with 0.1-5 microM AITC and NAC-AITC compared with controls. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed dose-dependent decreases in MMP-2/-9 messenger RNA levels in both AITC-treated and NAC-AITC-treated cells. TIMP-1/-2 activities were unaffected by treatment with AITC or NAC-AITC in our experiments. NAC-AITC inhibited cancer cell adhesion and invasion much more potently than its parent compound. NAC-AITC at 5 microM caused excellent inhibition of cell migration for 48 hrs. These results demonstrate the potential of AITC and NAC-AITC as chemopreventive agents.
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PMID:Allyl isothiocyanate and its N-acetylcysteine conjugate suppress metastasis via inhibition of invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 activities in SK-Hep 1 human hepatoma cells. 1656 38

Aberrant activation of the Ras/Raf-1/extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway has been shown to be involved in the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of dysregulation of ERK activation is poorly understood. Recently, we identified Sprouty-related protein with Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology-1 domain (Spred) as a physiological inhibitor of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK pathway. In this study, we found that the expression levels of Spred-1 and -2 in human HCC tissue were frequently decreased, comparing with those in adjacent non-tumorous tissue. Moreover, Spred expression levels in HCC tissue were inversely correlated with the incidence of tumor invasion and metastasis. Forced expression of Spred-1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with reduced ERK activation. Spred-1 overexpression also reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2, which play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, Spred-1 inhibited growth factor-mediated HCC cell motility. These data indicate that the reduction of Spred expression in HCC is one of the causes of the acquisition of malignant features. Thus, Spred could be not only a novel prognostic factor but also a new therapeutic target for human HCC.
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PMID:Spreds, inhibitors of the Ras/ERK signal transduction, are dysregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma and linked to the malignant phenotype of tumors. 1665 41

HAb18G/CD147, a membrane spanning molecule and highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, was shown to stimulate the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the interaction of tumor cells and fibroblasts. Studies on the EMMPRIN/CD147 showed that CD147 extracellular domain is involved in the induction of MMPs. To study the biological molecular function of HAb18G/CD147 extracellular domain (HAb18G/CD147-ED) on production of MMPs following mediated tumor cell invasion, we isolated four novel monoclonal anibodies (MAbs)-1B3, 3B3, HAb18Gedomab1, and HAb18Gedomab2-against HAb18G/CD147-ED by immunization of BALB/c mice with purified HAb18G/CD147-ED fragments, which were efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli. Gelatin zymography and Boyden chamber assays were used to identify the production of MMPs in the co-cultured human fibroblast and HCC cells, and to quantify the migrated cells in the presence of the generated MAbs. The results showed that two MAbs (1B3 and 3B3) inhibited [corrected] the secretion of MMP-2 and [corrected] the HCC cell invasion, whereas the other two MAbs (HAb18Gedomab1 and HAb18Gedomab2) had reverse function [corrected] FCM additive assay showed that four MAbs recognized different epitopes of HAb18G/CD147-ED. Taken together, the results suggest that various regions of HAb18G/CD147-ED participated in the regulation of MMP secretion.
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PMID:Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase production and tumor cell invasion by four monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of HAb18G/CD147 extracellular domain. 1670 5

Halofuginone, an inhibitor of collagen synthesis, appears to be a promising antitumoral drug in preclinical studies. We used a relevant rat model of autochthonous, chemically induced, spontaneously metastasizing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to test the efficacy of halofuginone on tumor progression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Following sequential administration of diethylnitrosamine and N-nitrosomorpholine for 14 weeks, all animals developed HCC and then received halofuginone or its solvent for 10 weeks. The final number of liver tumors was lower in the halofuginone group than in the solvent group (57.2 +/- 4.6 vs 68 +/- 5.0; P < .01). The percentage of the lung surface infiltrated by metastasis was much smaller in the halofuginone group (0.3 +/- 0.2%) than in the solvent group (13.5 +/- 10.1%; P < .02). MMP-9 activity was decreased in the halofuginone group by 89% and 63% in non-neoplastic parts of the liver and tumor, respectively. The percentage of active MMP-2 was reduced by 90% in non-neoplastic parts of the liver and by 61% in tumors. This was likely subsequent to a decreased expression of both MMP-14 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, which are required for pro-MMP-2 activation. These results, obtained from a clinically relevant model, further suggest the potential benefit of halofuginone in HCC.
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PMID:Halofuginone suppresses the lung metastasis of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats through MMP inhibition. 1675 23

HAb18G/CD147 has been identified as a factor that induces MMPs production. SiRNA targeted against HAb18G/CD147 was transfected into FHCC-98 cells (a HCC cell line) to knockdown its expression. The results showed that downregulating HAb18G/CD147 decreased ERK1/2, MMP-2 and FAK levels and inhibited cell motility and invasion, together with rearranged actin stress fiber formation, while had no effects on integrin alpha3beta1 expression. MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, inhibited MMP-2, FAK and actin expression in FHCC-98 cell line. The findings indicate that si-HAb18G inhibits gelatinase production, actin and FAK expression in FHCC-98 via an ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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PMID:siRNA targeted against HAb18G/CD147 inhibits MMP-2 secretion, actin and FAK expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line via ERK1/2 pathway. 1681 29

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has increasingly been recognized as a form of angiogenesis. In VM, epithelial cells are integrated into the malignant tumor vasculature. An association has been observed between VM and poor clinical prognosis in some malignant tumors. However, whether VM is present and clinically significant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we determined whether VM was present in HCC and whether it was associated with tumor grade, invasion and metastasis, and survival duration. We collected paraffin-embedded HCC tumor samples, along with complete clinical and pathologic data for all the cases, and performed immunohistochemical staining for CD31, CD105 (endoglin), hepatocyte, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9. The VM status was compared with the clinical and pathological data using statistical tests. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to compare survival durations between patients with and without VM. The VM vessel cells were CD31 and CD105-negative and hepatocyte and vascular endothelial growth factor-positive, showing that they were not derived from endothelial cells but were HCC tumor cells. Patients with VM had a higher metastasis rate than did those without VM (P=0.003). Consistent with this finding, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were present in all the VM cases but were found less frequently in non-VM cases (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in the VM group had a significantly shorter survival duration than did those in the non-VM group. In conclusion, VM is a marker of poor clinical prognosis in HCC: Its presence may be associated with a high tumor grade, invasion and metastasis, and short survival.
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PMID:Vasculogenic mimicry is associated with high tumor grade, invasion and metastasis, and short survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1696 81


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