Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A panel of two poorly differentiated (HA22T/VGH and SK-Hep-1) and six well-differentiated (HuH-6-cl 5, HuH-7, PLC/PRF/5, Hep G2, Hep 3B, and Tong) human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines were studied for the production of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) using the granulocyte and macrophage colony formation (CFU-GM) assay, immunocytochemical staining, and Northern blotting. Medium conditioned by untreated HA22T/VGH cells contained a high level of CSFs that could stimulate the in vitro colony formation of human myeloid progenitor cells. The HA22T/VGH cell-derived CSF had an apparent molecular weight of 23 kD. Its activity could be effectively neutralized by antiserum against granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) but not by antibodies to other hematopoietic growth factors, including G-CSF, M-CSF, interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-6. Correspondingly, immunocytochemical studies using monoclonal anti-GM-CSF showed a strong positive reaction in the cytoplasm of the HA22T/VGH cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that untreated HA22T/VGH cells expressed a considerable amount of GM-CSF mRNA, confirming that GM-CSF production was constitutive. At optimal concentrations, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-1beta, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor-promoting phorbol diester (TPA) could all stimulate HA22T/VGH cells to secrete GM-CSF. In addition to HA22T/VGH, SK-Hep-1 cells could also produce GM-CSF, although less effectively, whereas all the well-differentiated HCC cell lines tested were negative for CSF production. Morphologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical examinations demonstrated that both poorly differentiated CSF-producing HCC cell lines (HA22T/VGH and SK-Hep-1) were macrophage-like in morphology, possessed nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity, and expressed CD14, CD68, and HLA-DR on their surface, while all the well-differentiated HCC cell lines were epithelioid and lacked myeloid differentiation antigens. These results suggest that monocytoid features and CSF production may be differentiation markers of hepatocytes at the immature stages, amd that the HA22T/VGH and SK-Hep-1 cell lines may be valuable tools for the study of hepatic function and differentiation.
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PMID:Constitutive production of colony-stimulating factors by human hepatoma cell lines: possible correlation with cell differentiation. 859 73

Quantitative analysis of lysozyme- and CD68-positive Kupffer cells was carried out in connection with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in non-human primates. The number of Kupffer cells/mm2 was determined in 28 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and seven age-matched controls. The Kupffer cell counts (mean +/-SEM) gradually decreased in the following order, irrespective of the histochemical markers (lysozyme or CD 68) used: healthy control liver (101.7 +/- 13.5 and 103.2 +/- 11.9 respectively), non-cirrhotic and non-neoplastic host liver (54.3 +/- 13.6 and 50.5 +/- 15.4), cirrhotic host liver (26.2 +/- 8.2 and 27.2 +/- 3.3), HCC tissue (20.7 +/- 4.4 and 19.3 +/- 4.1) and metastatic foci in the lung (9.8 +/- 1.8 and 9.7 +/- 2.8). The difference between the normal liver and the non-neoplastic, non-cirrhotic portions of the HCC-bearing liver was significant (P < 0.05). A highly significant difference was found between the number of Kupffer cells found in healthy control or non-neoplastic liver and those found in HCC nodules (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0005 respectively). The results obtained by hematoxylin and eosin staining and lysozyme/CD68 immunohistochemistry were highly similar, indicating that this decrease was attributable primarily to numeric loss of Kupffer cells. The results suggest that the reduction in the number of Kupffer cells in HCC is a constant feature of hepatocarcinogenesis not only in rodent models, but also in non-human primates.
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PMID:Quantitative evaluation of lysozyme- and CD68-positive Kupffer cells in diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinomas in monkeys. 860 89

The sinusoidal structure and blood supply of 38 liver nodules less than 2 cm in diameter were investigated. There were 18 cases of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and 20 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Growth pattern, encapsulation and vascularity were examined, and immunohistochemistry performed for factor VIII related antigen (factor VIII), type IV collagen (collagen IV), laminin and CD68. There were significant differences between AH and small HCC, except for the expression of CD68. There were differences in tumor size, vascularity and the components of the basement membrane between AH and small, well differentiated HCC. The cases of AH were supplied by the portal system and maintained the sinusoidal structure, but small well-differentiated' HCC were supplied by a mixture of portal and arterial vessels. In spite of their small size, moderately and poorly differentiated HCC had capillary and were supplied by branches of the hepatic artery.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry and angiography in adenomatous hyperplasia and small hepatocellular carcinomas. 880 83

A pathomorphological study was conducted to clarify the localization of Kupffer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and such hyperplastic nodular lesions as adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Materials were surgical specimens of 50 HCCs, 7 AHs, and 13 FNHs. These tissues were immunohistochemically stained with an anti-human macrophage antibody (anti-CD68 antibody). Among CD68-positive cells, short spindle-shaped cells were considered as Kupffer cells, and Kupffer cell numbers in tumor lesions and surrounding liver tissues of each specimen were comparatively examined. As a result, the number of Kupffer cells in well-differentiated HCC tissues less than 1 cm in diameter was 27.8 +/- 3.3 (mean +/- SE/025 mm2); in noncancerous tissues, it was 302 +/- 3.2, showing no statistically significant differences. The number of Kupffer cells in cancerous tissues decreased in comparison with the number in noncancerous tissues, as the tumor size increased and histological grade decreased. In hyperplastic nodular lesions, the number was higher in nodular lesions than in the surrounding liver tissues in 4 of 7 AHs (57.1%) and 6 of 13 FNHs (46.2%). This could explain the reason why enhanced MRI, which utilizes the selective taken-up mechanism of chondroitin sulfate iron colloid and superparamagnetic iron oxide into the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen, depicts well-differentiated HCC and AH at the same signal intensity as in the surrounding liver tissues. Our findings also indicate that there is a limitation in differentiating or diagnosing small HCC and hyperplastic nodular lesions by using enhanced MRI, which utilizes Kupffer cell functions.
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PMID:Pathomorphological study of Kupffer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplastic nodular lesions in the liver. 885 80

The pathological features of 11 nodules of early hepatocellular carcinoma (EHCC) were studied. Their macroscopic features resembled those of adenomatous hyperplasia and differed from those of advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (AHCC). The EHCC extended along the hepatic lobular structure and lacked expansive growth. The endothelial cells in the sinusoids of EHCC did not react to Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA1) like adenomatous hyperplasia or other liver parenchyma, whereas the endothelial cells in the AHCC did react to UEA1. Immunohistochemically, CD68-positive Kupffer cells were noted in the sinusoids of EHCC, whereas in the AHCC Kupffer cells were not seen. Tumor emboli in the portal vein and intrahepatic metastases were not identified in EHCC, which seemed to be carcinoma-in-situ or a microinvasive stage of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Early hepatocellular carcinoma macroscopically resembling adenomatous hyperplasia: pathological resemblance to carcinoma-in-situ. 905 92

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with sarcomatous features is a rare neoplasm which has been found in only 1.8% of surgically resected HCC and has a higher incidence of metastasis than usual HCC. We recently experienced a case of sarcomatoid HCC removed from a 49-year-old man. A surgically resected liver revealed a well-defined grayish-white solid firm mass showing extensive central necrosis and infiltrative growth margin. Microscopically, the entire tumor was composed of pleomorphic spindle cells with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitosis. It showed a sinusoidal infiltrative growth pattern at the tumor-nontumor boundary. The tumor cells reacted positively with AE3 (high molecular cytokeratin) and Vimentin and reacted negatively with AE1 (low molecular cytokeratin), cytokeratin19, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, Factor VIII, CD31 and CD68. The spindle-shaped tumor cells were considered to originate from hepatocyte rather than from bile duct epithelium or mesenchymal elements.
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PMID:A case with sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma. 975 7

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a primary osteolytic tumor that is characterized by the formation of osteoclast-like giant cells. In addition to GCT of bone, extraskeletal GCT are known to be formed in several soft tissues. Giant cells in GCT of bone were suggested to be identical to osteoclasts, but the characterization of giant cells in extraskeletal GCT remains incomplete. In this study, a case of sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells was analyzed. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of almost all markers of osteoclasts: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, CD68, CD51, CD54 and matrix metalloprotease-9, in osteoclast-like giant cells in the tumor. In situ hybridization revealed the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) in the giant cells and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the tumor cells. The hepatic origin of the sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma cells was confirmed by the expression of albumin. This is the first report suggesting that hepatocyte-derived cells possess the potential for osteoclastogenesis. In addition, these findings suggest that osteoclast-like cells in the hepatocellular carcinoma were formed by the same mechanism as osteoclastogenesis in bone.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: possibility of osteoclastogenesis by hepatocyte-derived cells. 1282 10

Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare primitive vascular tumor of the spleen which is benign and usually associated with visceral malignancy. The diagnosis of LCA is based on histologic and immunohistologic analysis. We report a case of LCA in a 62-year-old man with a 20-year history of chronic hepatitis B. He was admitted because of passage of tarry stool and poor appetite. Dynamic computed tomography studies showed splenomegaly (20 cm in long axis) with a hypodense tumor in the upper pole and a contrast-enhanced hepatic mass in the right lobe of the liver. Under the impression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and splenic tumor, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Histopathology showed a moderately differentiated HCC of the liver and splenic angioma with dilated vascular channels lined by plump endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining of the splenic tumor showed focal positive reaction for factor VIII and CD68. LCA of the spleen was diagnosed. The postoperative course was uneventful during the 18-month follow-up. Although rare, LCA may coexist with cirrhosis and HCC, and is associated with visceral malignancy.
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PMID:Littoral cell angioma of the spleen in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. 1590 68

We report the case of a 77-year-old Japanese man with natural killer (NK)-like T cell lymphoma of the small intestine diagnosed after an emergency laparotomy for perforated peritonitis. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor showed that the patient had CD3+ CD8+ CD30- CD56+ CD68- CD79a- UCHL-1+ EMA- LMP-1 NK-like T cell lymphoma. The patient had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was also diagnosed with T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with T cell receptor (TCR) reconstruction in the Jgamma chain. Intestinal T cell lymphoma is uncommon and very few cases of CD56+ T cell lymphoma, otherwise known as NK-like T cell lymphoma, have been reported. The patient did not have a history of gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease). Multiple lesions appeared within months after the initial operation and his condition deteriorated rapidly. We think that this patient probably had NK-type granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorder (NK-GLPD) because the percentage of CD16+ CD56+ cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells was elevated, at 21%. We report this case to help elucidate the relationship between underlying digestive organ disease and the development of intestinal NK-like T cell lymphoma. An accumulation of other such cases is needed to determine the etiology of this disease.
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PMID:Natural killer-like T cell lymphoma of the small intestine: report of a case. 1663 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world, especially in Guangxi, China. The causes and mechanism of its tumourigenesis and development have not been completely clarified Some studies revealed that the hepatic local cellular immune function was one of the factors. In the present study, the local micro-environmental immune status was explored by investigating the number, distribution and function of CD3, CD57, CD20, CD68, and granzyme B (GrB) positive cells in 60 patients with HCC and 62 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and its relationship with the prognosis of the patients. The results showed that the number of T and B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in the liver of HCC patients was significantly higher than that in the LC and normal controls; while the number of macrophages (Mphi) was significantly lower The number of Mphi in the tissues decreased successively with the decrease of HCC differentiation; GrB-expressing cells in the liver predominantly consisted of CD57 positive cells. The number of NK cells, B lymphocytes and GrB-expressing cells in the cancerous tissues of stage I and II was significantly higher than that of stages III and IV. The number of T lymphocytes, NK cells, Mphi, and GrB-expressing lymphocytes in HCC cases without metastasis in 15 months was significantly higher than in the metastatic counterparts. The number of T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, and GrB-expressing cells decreased in patients with the progression of the HCC. These results suggest that the number of T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, Mphi and GrB-positive lymphocytes might be important markers in the estimation of hepatic local immune status and be useful factors for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
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PMID:Hepatic local micro-environmental immune status in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic tissues. 1769 Dec 35


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