Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prognosis with large hepatocellular carcinomas is poor, and only palliative treatment is available. Small tumors are amenable to several modes of treatment, including liver transplantation, resection, or alcohol injection, with acceptable 5-year survival rates. Although the value of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma has yet to be shown, these data, coupled with the recognition of at-risk groups and useful diagnostic techniques, might encourage the clinician to screen at-risk patients in the clinic. New imaging techniques such as ultrasonographic angiography enhanced with CO2 microbubbles, or color Doppler ultrasound, may clarify the intratumoral blood flow of small tumors.
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PMID:Etiology, screening, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 880 77

Liver resection by open surgery remains the method of choice for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients with compensated liver function. Laparoscopy for surgical treatment of hepatic diseases is at an early stage. Laparoscopy has been often proposed for diagnosis, staging of hepatic malignancy, treatment of hepatic cyst or benign tumors, but very few laparoscopic treatments of hepatic malignancies have been reported at present and always using conventional CO2 laparoscopy. We describe herein the operative treatment of a single subglissonian HCC of segment III in a child, HCV (hepatitis C virus)-related cirrhosis. A nonanatomical wedge resection was performed by gasless laparoscopic technique using a mechanical retractor obviating the creation of the pneumoperitoneum and of the sealed environment. The technique, in selected cases, is a simple, safe, and effective surgical method. The gasless technique guarantees a clear vision, it makes possible the continuous suction of smoke and fluids, it allows the use of conventional instruments for classic maneuvers of the liver surgery (Pringle maneuver), and the easy management of suturing. The present case has proved to be another abdominal procedure that can be carried out with all the advantages of gasless minimally invasive surgery.
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PMID:Gasless laparoscopic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. 887 47

Rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma showed important changes in lipid metabolism. The presence of this rapidly growing tumour induced a significant reduction in the intestinal absorption of an oral [14C]triolein load but without changes in whole body oxidation of the tracer to CO2. Both white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were increased at day 4 of tumour growth, changes that seem to be related with those observed in [14C]lipid accumulation; however, heart LPL activity was increased at day 7 but there was no change at day 4. In addition, there was a marked hyperlipemia in the tumour-bearing animals, whereas the blood ketone body concentrations were lower in these animals in comparison with the corresponding pair-fed group. The in vivo lipogenic rate was increased in liver of the tumour-bearing animals (day 4); conversely, it was decreased in WAT and skeletal muscle (day 4) and IBAT (day 7) of the AH-130-bearing rats. It may be suggested that the increased liver lipogenic rate associated with tumour burden is the main factor contributing to the hyperlipidaemia present in the Yoshida AH-130 bearing rats.
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PMID:Lipid metabolism in rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma. 897 77

Resting rat thymocytes partially degrade glucose aerobically to CO2 and H2O and produce reactive peroxide anions. In contrast proliferating cells, due to enhanced induction of glycolytic enzymes, degrade glucose almost completely to lactate thus minimizing the production of reactive oxygen species. In this paper we show that under conditions of oxidative stress the induction of the glycolytic enzymes in cultured rat thymocytes is markedly reduced. Furthermore, transfection assays with a rat hepatoma cell line and Drosophila Schneider cells revealed that reactive oxygen intermediates dramatically decrease the transcriptional activities of the Sp1-dependent aldolase A and pyruvate kinase M2 promoters leading to reduced reporter gene expression. These results indicate that cellular redox changes can regulate gene expression by reversible oxidative inactivation of Sp1 binding.
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PMID:Redox-regulated expression of glycolytic enzymes in resting and proliferating rat thymocytes. 903 66

HCC is well known for its high incidence of intrahepatic tumor recurrence and many patients suffering from them, usually undergo further treatments, such as PEI, TAE, MCNT or hepatic resection. However, conventional hepatic resection by large skin incision causes severe intraabdominal adhesions, which disturb US examination and further treatments. The aim of the laparoscopic procedure is to prevent intraabdominal adhesions. This is a study of the feasibility of laparoscopic hepatic resection without CO2 pneumoperitoneum, which is not yet popular, as a safe and effective procedure. The patient in this study had a solitary HCC in the lateral segment. Mobilization of the lateral segment, dissections of the left hepatic artery and portal venous branches, i.e. P2 and P3, were performed under CO2 gas insufflation. However, to avoid CO2 gas embolism, further procedures, including parenchymal compression and hepatic venous dissection, were performed using the abdominal wall lifting method without pneumoperitoneum. The patient could eat on the second postoperative day and had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged from the hospital 13 days after surgery. Hospital stay was shorter than conventional hepatic resections with large skin incisions. The importance of this procedure lies in that it is not only a minimally invasive procedure, but also provides us with the possibilities of further treatments, including PEI and re-hepatic resection.
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PMID:Laparoscopic hepatic resection: a new and safe procedure by abdominal wall lifting method. 905 33

Norcantharidin is the demethylated form of Cantharidin, which is the active ingredient of the blister beetle, Mylabris, a long used Chinese traditional medicine. Though not well publicized outside China, Norcantharidin is known to possess significant anti-hepatoma activity, and is relatively free from side effects. In the present study, glucose oxidation in tumour and liver tissue slices harvested from hepatoma-bearing animals was quantified by measuring the radioactivity of 14C-labelled CO2 released from 14C-glucose in oxygen-enriched incubation medium. Results were expressed as a tumour/liver ratio. For comparison, treatments with Norcantharidin, Adriamycin and with hepatic artery ligation were studied. The mean tumour/liver ratio was 4.2 +/- 2.2 in untreated controls, but dropped significantly to 2.3 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.05) with intra-arterial Norcantharidin (0.5 mg/kg) and to 2.3 +/- 0.7 (p < 0.05) with intra-arterial Adriamycin (2.4 mg/kg), and to 2.2 +/- 0.7 (p < 0.05) with hepatic artery ligation. However, with intravenous Adriamycin at 2.4 mg/kg, the mean tumour/liver ratio was reduced to only 3.5 +/- 2.0 and was not significantly different from untreated controls. It is concluded that intra-arterial Norcantharidin is as effective as intraarterial Adriamycin and hepatic artery ligation in suppressing tumour glucose oxidative metabolism. These result simply that Norcantharidin may have a role to play in the chemotherapy of primary liver cancer.
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PMID:Efficacy of intra-arterial norcantharidin in suppressing tumour 14C-labelled glucose oxidative metabolism in rat Morris hepatoma. 918 58

One of the shortcomings of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is that many sessions are necessary to accomplish the treatment. This may be caused by which the ultrasonography (US) image does not reflect correctly to the kinetics of injected ethanol into HCC nodule. It is considered that number of treatment sessions are able to be reduced if we just enough injected labelled ethanol under US into HCC nodule. Therefore, we tried PEIT by ethanol mixed with CO2 microbubble (CO2 ethanol). The injected CO2 ethanol was aquired as hyperechoic image without strong acoustic shadow to the end of injection. Consequently we could reduce the number of treatment sessions to almost 1 for lesions < or = 3 cm in diameter and markedly reduce total dose of injected ethanol. The detectable rate of CO2 ethanol leaked out HCC nodule was high. No serious complication occurred. There have been only 1 lesion of local recurrence and no case of intrahepatic and peritoneal dissemination for 11.5 months on average of observation after PEIT by CO2 ethanol (CO2PEIT). These findings suggest that CO2PEIT is useful method for reducing the number of treatment sessions and total dose of injected ethanol, moreover preventing complication by ethanol leakage.
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PMID:[Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy by ethanol mixed with CO2 microbubble for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 939 27

In order to identify genes differentially expressed under hypoxia (1% O2, 5% CO2, balance N2), we performed mRNA differential display analysis using total RNA extracted from hypoxic and normoxic HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Of the differentially expressed genes by hypoxia, some of cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced. The expression patterns of these clones by hypoxia were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and the quantitative RT-PCR. Down-regulated genes by hypoxia have homology to cDNA sequences encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit II and ADP/ATP translocase, respectively. Up-regulated gene by hypoxia was identified as Homo sapiens oscillin. Moreover, novel genes induced by hypoxia represent partial sequences of cDNAs that have not been reported or functionally identified. Up- or down-regulated expression of these genes in response to hypoxia may contribute to human hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Identification of genes differentially expressed by hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 947 98

The findings of enhanced ultrasonography under the injection of microbubbles of carbon dioxide into a hepatic artery (CO2-US) were evaluated in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They were as follows. Most nodules showed early (within 3 seconds) stronger enhancement compared to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma, remaining the enhancing effects more longer than the surround. A few nodule showed isoenhance or nonenhancement. However, metastatic cancer of the liver often showed the early enhancement only at the edge of tumor. In hepatic hemangioma, only the spotty enhancement in the tumor and or the later (later than 4 seconds) enhancement at the edge of tumor was showed. The hyperenhanced mass was detected more often in a larger HCC and revealed to be a relatively poorly differentiated HCC with the capsule formation.
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PMID:[Transarterial enhanced ultrasonography examination of hepatocellular carcinoma using CO2]. 957 14

US angiography, enhanced with intraarterial CO2 microbubbles imaging, documented 40 nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesser than 20 mm in diameter in 34 patients, which were convinced histopathologically. As to the imaging acuity of arterial vascularity in nodules, US angiography was compared with DSA and US color angio. The detection of arterial vascularity was possible in 34 (85.0%) of 40 nodules by US angiography, 26 (65.0%) by DSA, and 28 (70.0 %) by US color angio. US angiography was available for detection of HCC, particularly with small HCC lesser than 20 mm in size.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma by US angiography with intraarterial CO2 microbubbles imaging]. 957 15


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