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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The stability of nine viruses, Aujeszky, Sindbis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Newcastle Disease, Vaccinia, FMD, HCC, Reo and Teschen virus in drinking and surface water was investigated comparatively at temperatures of 9 and 15 degrees C as well as the influence of water factors like seasonal difference in temperature, pH value, hardness and sort of water. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. At temperatures of 9 to 15 degrees C the majority of the viruses remained stabil in natural water for an astonishing long time. 2. Starting with virus concentration of about 10(4) infectious units per ml Teschen, Vaccinia, Reo, HCC and ND virus could mostly be demonstrated in water longer than 200 days and FMD, Aujeszky, Vesicular Stomatitis and Sindbis virus for 20 to 50 days on average at 9 degrees C. The stability of the viruses investigated decreased in water in the named turn. 3. Based on these results it can be assumed that under natural conditions with very low virus content of some particles the labile viruses such as Toga, Herpes, Rhabdo and pH labile Picorna remain infectious in water for some days. They should not have any importance as water contaminants. More resistant viruses like Paramyxo may keep infectious for weeks and very stabile viruses such as Entero, Reo, Adeno and Pox viruses several weeks to months. 4. As to factors temperature, pH, hardness and sort of water-within the naturally differing range-only the temperature and only in the case of less resistant viruses showed significant influence on the virus stability in water.
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PMID:[Stability in drinking and surface water of nine virus species from different genera (author's transl)]. 1 60

Administration of 40 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in the drinking water for 10 weeks to male Fischer rats led to hepatocellular carcinoma in 100 percent with metastasis to the lung in 40 percent, of the animals living for the full experimental period of 20 weeks. Concurrent feeding of phenobarbital and DENA for 10 weeks produced cancer of the liver in 77 percent of the animals, but only 9 percent had metastases in the lung. A brief regimen of DENA for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of observation, induced cancer of the liver in only 13 percent of the rats. Administration of phenobarbital, begun 1 week after cessation of DENA intake and terminated at week 20, led to liver cancer in 64 percent of the rodents. Hydroxyurea had no effect on this enhancement. Treatment with a purified gamma fraction of antilymphocytic serum after the DENA did not influence the outcome. Thus phenobarbital given together with DENA reduced the severity of the carcinogenic process, but when it was given after the hepatocarcinogen, it increased the effect.
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PMID:Modification of diethylnitrosamine liver carcinogenesis with phenobarbital but not with immunosuppression. 16 10

Groups of normal and hepatoma (7288CTC) bearing rats were maintained on normal chow and fat-free diets for 4 weeks. Normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma neutral lipids were examined in detail and compared. Water content, unaffected by diet was: hepatoma, 82 percent; host liver, 71 percent; and normal liver, 67 percent. The fat-free diet had no effect upon the hepatoma neutral lipids but elevated the triglyceride level in normal and host liver, shifted the triglyceride carbon number distribution to lower mol wt, and elevated the percentage of monoenoic acids in triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Host triglyceride concentrations were ca. half, and cholesterol levels were reduced moderately relative to normal liver values. Hepatoma cholesterol levels were higher and triglyceride concentrations lower than normal and host liver values. Hepatoma triglycerides differed dramatically from liver and were characterized by increased concentrations of high mol wt species and a fivefold increase in the percentage of C-20 and C-22 fatty acids. The percentage of C-20 and C-22 fatty acids in hepatoma cholesteryl esters also increased ca. fivefold relative to liver. The data indicate that the systems that regulate triglyceride and cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition in liver do not control the compositions of these lipid classes in this hepatoma. The unchanged high level of essential fatty acids in the hepatoma lipids from the fat-free fed animals demonstrates the hepatoma's ability to absorb and conserve specific fatty acids.
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PMID:Hepatoma, host liver, and normal rat liver neutral lipids as affected by diet. 16 44

The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in mitochondria from hepatomas AH-130, 3924A and 5123 is higher than in the particles isolated from adult or fetal rat livers. Nearly all the cholesterol of hepatoma mitochondria is located in membranes. As in liver mitochondria, in the particles isolated from hepatoma AH-130 there is more cholesterol in the outer than in the inner membrane. In mitochondria from cholesterol-enriched liver and hepatomas, there occurs a decrease in extent of hypoosmotic and phosphate-induced swelling and a decrease of conformational changes linked to energy states. The phenomenon is more marked in particles which exhibit higher cholesterol to phospholipid ratios. A statistically significant negative correlation exists between the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio and extent of volume or conformational changes. No significant modifications of these parameters were found in fetal liver mitochondria. Cholesterol content does not influence K+ uptake by cholesterol-enriched or hepatoma mitochondria. Nor does cholesterol content affect the respiratory increment related to this uptake. As a consequence of K+ uptake, total mitochondrial water exchangeable with tritiated water rises 20% while sucrose-impermeable water rises 42-48% in both adult rat liver and hepatoma AH-130 mitochondria. Absorbance changes linked to ion uptake do not correspond merely to variations in mitochondrial water content. Water content is apparently not influenced by the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio. However, the ratio is significantly correlated to both extent and initial rate of absorbance decrease of mitochondrial suspensions during K+ uptake. The higher the ratio, the lower the extent and initial rate of absorbance decrease.
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PMID:Effect of cholesterol content on some physical and functional properties of mitochondria isolated from adult rat liver, fetal liver, cholesterol-enriched liver and hepatomas AH-130, 3924A and 5123. 17 47

Liver carcinogenesis with a single dose of aflatoxin B1 (7 mg/kg body weight) has been investigated in a group of female Wistar strain rats by repeated biopsies and necropsies. Another group received a subsequent intoxication with carbon tetrachloride by inhalation (approximately 200 doses) and another one was overloaded with riboflavin (25 parts/10(6) in drinking water). The frequency of hepatomata was almost equal in the aflatoxin and aflatoxin-carbon tetrachloride group. It was lowere in the riboflavin-aflatoxin group. In these 3 groups cirrhosis was never present in neoplastic livers. Megalocytosis was the first lesion observed. All tumoral livers had previous or concomitant megalocytosis. This modification was about as frequent, intense and widespread in aflatoxin-CCl4 and aflatoxin groups but appeared much earlier, as did the first hepatoma, in the aflatoxin-CCl4 group. It was less frequent, less intense and less widespread in the riboflavin-aflatoxin group than in the aflatoxin group. There was also a lower frequency of hepatomata in the riboflavin-aflatoxin group, but the difference was not significant due to the too small number of animals involved. The facts are not a proof of the existence of an obligatory link between megalocytosis and carcinogenesis since a slight megalocytosis was observed in the riboflavin group not affected by the neoplastic process. However, the simplest explanation of our results would be to consider that the potential tumour cells are located among the megalocytic cells, without admitting that every megalocyte is obligatorily a precancerous cell. CCl4 seems to act in shortening the time of appearance of megalocytosis. The protective effect of riboflavine should be regarded with more caution.
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PMID:Influence of carbon tetrachloride or riboflavin on liver carcinogenesis with a single dose of aflatoxin b1. 17 84

The changes in water and electrolyte content of slices of Morris hepatoma 3924A induced by various conditions of incubation have been compared with the ultrastructural appearance of the tissue. Incubation at 1 degrees led to an increase of water, Na+, and Cl- content and to a loss of K+. There was simultaneous increase in size of the cells and intercellular spaces, loss of junctional complexes, increase in the number of microvilli, and fragmentation and dilation of the cytocavitary network. Subsequent incubation at 38 degrees in oxygenated medium led to a substantial reversal of all of these changes of composition and structure, which was well advanced within 10 min and largely complete by 60 min. The presence of 20 mM glucose in the medium somewhat enhanced the degree of recovery. A reduction of cell volume and intercellular spaces was evident both from the electron microscopic observations and measurements of the volume of inulin distribution. The presence of ouabain inhibited the net accumulation of K+ and much of the Na+ extrusion, but permitted about 50% of the net extrusion of water (accompanied by Na+ and Cl-) and had little effect on the ultrastructural recovery. The presence of glucose increased the resistance of volume and structural recovery of ouabain without releasing the inhibition of K+ accumulation. A marked feature of the recovering tissues was the Golgi apparatus, which assumed an appearance suggestive of increased activity when water extrusion was active. In slices using only endogenous substrate, cyanide and (to a lesser extent) oligomycin greatly inhibited the recovery of volume and structure. The presence of glucose permitted some recovery in the presence of cyanide. The control of cell volume in hepatoma 3924A appears to involve two separate components of water transport, one of which is sensitive, and one insensitive to ouabain. The ouabain-insensitive component appears to be especially related to the recovery of cell ultrastructure after incubation at 1 degrees, to be more sensitive to paucity of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and to proceed by secretion of water, Na+, and Cl- into vesicles that fuse with the Golgi apparatus. This mechanism may be related to that for bile secretion in normal liver. The ouabain-sensitive component of water transport is a function of the mechanism for the coupled transport of Na+ and K+.
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PMID:The metabolism-dependent maintenance of cell volume and ultrastructure in slices of Morris hepatoma 3924A. 18 26

Intraperitoneal injection of trace amounts of corn oil prior to and following the injection of 40-50 mg of tissue from hepatoma 7777 or 7800 into the thigh of adult male Buffalo rats resulted in a marked decrease in the growth rate of both tumors. Exhaustive extraction of the corn oil with water indicated that the active component was not water soluble. Similar injections of safflower oil or isotonic saline had no effect on tumor growth rate. Analysis of the tissue phospholipid fatty acids revealed that the injected corn oil caused no change in the esterified fatty acids in this lipid fraction.
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PMID:Inhibition of growth of Morris hepatomas 7777 and 7800 by corn oil. 19 60

Liver neoplasms including trabecular hepatoma and cholangioma were induced in medakas (Oryzias latipes) by the addition of methylazoxymethanol acetate to their aquarium water at levels of 0.1-3 ppm for periods ranging from 1 to 120 days. More than 80% of the surviving fish developed tumors at 3 or 5 months after commencement of the treatment, irrespective of levels of the drug, when appropriate times of exposure were chosen.
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PMID:Induction of hepatic tumors in a teleost (Oryzias latipes) after treatment with methylazoxymethanol acetate: brief communication. 20 Jul 62

A newly synthesized water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU; NSC-254157) has marked activities against experimental tumors such as lymphoid leukemia L-1210, ascites sarcoma- 180, ascites hepatoma AH-130, and Walker carcinosarcoma-256. A single intraperitoneal injection of the compound is more effective than successive injections on the L-1210 system. An especially interesting point is that both the single intraperitoneal and single oral administrations 2 days after tumor implantation showed a high effectiveness. In addition, growth of the mammary adenocarcinoma transplanted subcutaneously on the back of mice was also considerably suppressed by successive intraperitoneal injections of the compound.
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PMID:Effect of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea on experimental tumors. 20 35

The suitability for field use of heating up to 80 degrees C and adding six different virucidal chemicals for decontamination of drinking and surface water was investigated using the viruses of Polio (vaccine strain), ECBO, Reo, bovine Parvo, HCC, Pseudorabies, ND and Vaccinia. The Parvovirus (concentration 10(5) TCID50/ml) heated to 80 degrees C could not be inactivated completely in drinking water within one hour; the Reovirus could after one hour only at 60 degrees C. The other viruses used lost their infectivity at 56 degrees C within 60 minutes or at 60 degrees C within 20 minutes respectively. Heating therefore seems to be too circumstantial a method for viral decontamination of water and unreliable under field conditions. As to the chemical water additives tested, chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide proved to be unsuitable in spite of virucidal activity. The amount of their concentration necessary for reliable virus inactivation makes the water unfit for drinking. Iodine, a calcium hypochlorite sample and potassium permanganate were useful. Because of its constant reaction in drinking water together with additional advantages, iodination of water would seem to be the best method at present for viral water decontamination usable under field conditions.
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PMID:[Studies on inactivation of viruses in drinking and surface water. A contribution to the decontamination of water by field methods (author's transl)]. 61 Feb 55


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