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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Line 10, a transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma, was obtained originally from an NIH strain-2 male guinea pig fed diethylnitrosamine. The antitumor activity of BCG and BCG extracts was evaluated in strain-2 guinea pigs obtained both from NIH and the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center (NJH). Animals were immunized with these materials and then tested for their capacity to resist the growth of intradermally injected line-10 tumor cells. Tumor growth was not prevented in 18 NIH animals immunized with living BCG. No tumor growth occurred in 1 of 22 NIH animals immunized with a residue that remained after exhaustive methanol extraction of BCG and in 1 of 44 NIH guinea pigs immunized with BCG extracts. In contrast, tumor growth was prevented in 13 of 22 similarly immunized NJH guinea pigs.
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PMID:Prevention of tumor growth after intradermal injection of BCG extracts: a comparison of results in strain-2 guinea pigs from the National Institutes of Health and from the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center. 17 90

Inbred rats were injected s.c. with cells of syngeneic hepatoma D23, D23 cells + BCG as a mixed inoculum, mixed inoculum one side and D23 alone contralaterally, or BCG alone. Their blood mononuclear cells were tested weekly for cytotoxicity against D23 target cells using a microcytotoxicity method and their serum was tested for blocking activity against cytotoxicity by lymph node cells from immunized rats. Tumour growth was suppressed when BCG was in contact with tumour cells but tumours grew unhindered if the BCG was given contralaterally. All rats receiving tumour cells, either alone or mixed with BCG, developed cell-mediated cytotoxicity which remained until termination at 35 days. Rats receiving BCG alone showed slight initial cytotoxicity which disappeared after 7 days. Blocking factors appeared in the serum of rats which developed growing tumours but not in rats whose tumours were suppressed by contact with BCG. Splenectomized rats did not differ markedly from intact rats in the in vitro studies or in vivo. It is concluded that development of cell-mediated immunity and blocking factors depends more upon treatment with tumour cells and the subsequent behaviour of the tumour than upon treatment with BCG per se.
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PMID:Effect of BCG on cell-mediated cytotoxicity and serum blocking factor during growth of rat hepatoma. 18 Oct 41

Two novel immunotherapeutic regimens were developed for a uniformly lethal, intradermally growing transplantable ascites variant (line 10) of a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma in strain 2 guinea pigs. In an apparently tumor-specific immunotherapy model, 32 guinea pigs were cured by the injection into the tumor area, five or seven days after tumor challenge, of syngeneic or xenogeneic RNA extracts obtained from lymphoid tissues of line 10-immune strain 2 guinea pigs or rhesus monkeys, as part of a total regimen which included syngeneic nonsensitive peritoneal exudate cells injected prior to, and tumor-specific antigen injected after, the RNA. In another immunotherapy model, not tumor-specific, 18 strain 2 guinea pigs were cured by the injection into the tumor area, 6 and 16 days after tumor challenge, of antibody specific for fibrin fragment E (FFE), an essential component in the formation of a fibrin matrix considered to be important in tumor development. When therapy was delayed to 12 days in the RNA test system, or to 16 days in the anti-FFE test system, complete abrogation of the tumors did not occur. The long-term survival of the 50 successfully treated animals and their immunity to further tumor challenge indicated that both immunotherapeutic procedures had systemic effects. To test this further, line 10 cells were injected intradermally simultaneously at two sites and only one site was treated. When the one tumor location was treated with anti-FFE, complete regression of the treated tumor and a 30% retardation in the development of the untreated tumor were observed. When this tumor location was treated with the RNA regimen, complete regression of the tumors occurred at both the treated and the untreated sites. Optimal conditions for both immunotherapeutic models and their combination have yet to be establshed. Nonetheless, both immunotherapeutic regimens were more effective than any other immunotherapy thus far reported for this tumor, including the use of BCG or its derivatives.
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PMID:Complete regression of a guinea pig hepatocarcinoma by immunotherapy with "tumor-immune" RNA or antibody to fibrin fragment E. 18 52

In inbred guinea pigs, administration of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG by scarification at a site distant from an excised skin tumor, but in the regional lymph node drainage, was evaluated for its immunotherapeutic effect on the development of lymph node metastases. Scarification was performed after surgical excision of intradermally transplanted syngeneic (line-10) hepatocarcinoma at a time when microscopic foci of tumor cells were present in regional lymph nodes. Various strains of BCG were evaluated for their immunotherapeutic potential: fresh-frozen Phipps, Pasteur, and Tice; and lyophilized Pasteur, Tice, and Connaught. Scarification commenced 3 days after surgical removal of the tumor and continued once a week for 5 weeks. Only lymph nodes from fresh-frozen Phipps- and Pasteur-scarified animals were significantly smaller than those in the control groups. Differences in lymph node weight correlated histologically with less detectable metastases. This cytostatic effect was short lived; eventually, the metastatic tumor growth was not significantly different from that of control animals. No significant differences were observed in mean survival time: All animals died as a result of metastases 3 months after tumor inoculation. These results demonstrated that limited scarification with BCG of certain strains temporarily inhibits the growth and proliferation of metastases in regional lymph nodes after removal of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Evaluation of BCG administered by scarification for immunotherapy of metastatic hepatocarcinoma in the guinea pig. 18 11

The immunoprophylactic effects of the methanol extraction residue (MER) of BCG were investigated in Strain 2 guinea-pigs injected with cells of the transplantable, diethylnitrosamine-induced, Line 10 hepatocarcinoma. Pretreatment with MER at times ranging from 18 to 182 days prior to tumour implantation protected approximately 40% of guinea-pigs from progressive neoplastic disease. In addition, MER-treated animals developed specific cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity both more rapidly and at higher levels than did non-MER-treated tumour-bearing controls. It was not possible, however, to prognosticate from the results of such laboratory studies to the outcome of immunoprophylaxis.
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PMID:Stimulation of anti-tumour immunity in guinea-pigs by methanol extraction residue of BCG. 18 7

Heat-killed BCG, cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate), or killed BCG plus cord factor in aqueous medium, admixed with tumor cells and injected into the skin of guinea pigs, inhibited the growth of a hepatocellular carcinoma. Intralesional administration of killed BCG or Mycobacterium kansasii coated with cord factor, in the same medium, caused regression of established tumors in 48 and 45% of the treated animals, respectively.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of cancer with nonliving mycobacteria and cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) in aqueous medium. 18 85

Soluble material enriched in tumor-associated antigen was prepared by affinity chromatography from a KCl extract of the chemically-induced D-23 rat hepatoma. Microgram quantities of the above material bound spontaneously to living BCG when the two were incubated briefly in vitro. When injected into normal syngeneic rats, the BCG-associated tumor antigen induced a measure of resistance against challenge with D-23 tumor cells. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained from such actively immunized subjects were able to suppress the growth of D-23 tumor cells at a test site in muscle. In contrast, immunization with either BCG alone, tumor protein alone, or tumor protein admixed with BCG in circumstances designed to impede association of the protein, failed to provoke the formation of tumor suppressor PEC. The results encourage of the belief that binding of tumor antigen to BCG favors the induction of a cell-mediated tumor suppressive response.
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PMID:Induction of tumor resistance with BCG-associated tumor antigen. 20 May 76

Animals with established syngeneic tumor transplants were treated with glucan to study the therapeutic potential of this agent under well-defined experimental conditions. The tumors used were a guinea pig hepatoma, 2 murine fibrosarcomas, a murine melanoma, and a murine adenocarcinoma. All tumors were syngeneic to the host. Living BCG, administered directly into guinea pig tumors, cured all animals, whereas glucan, administered under the same conditions, had no significant antitumor activity. Neither BCG nor glucan, when administered iv, was active against the guinea pig hepatoma. An emulsion prepared with endotoxin, a fraction of mycobacteria related to cord factor, and mineral oil when administered intratumorally was also effective in treatment of line 10 tumor. A similar emulsion, in which glucan was substituted for endotoxin, was inactive, intralesional, ip, or iv administration of glucan was ineffective against the murine tumors. Previous reports of glucan-induced activity against a B16 murine melanoma were not confirmed. BCG was tested against the 2 murine fibrosarcomas and, when given either intratumorally or iv, was found to be effective against one of them.
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PMID:Glucan: attempts to demonstrate therapeutic activity against five syngeneic tumors in guinea pigs and mice. 20 19

The effect of intradermal immunisation with viable line 1 hepatoma cells and BCG was studied in syngeneic strain 2 guinea pigs. Immunisation with 1.5 X 10(6) hepatoma cells admixed to 200 microgram BCG induced tumor regression in 7/8 animals. Higher or lower doses were less effective and sometimes led to enhanced tumor growth. It appeared that regression or progression of tumors is established as early as 3 weeks after tumor inoculation. Aspects of humoral and cell-mediated tumor immunity in immunised and/or tumor-bearing animals were studied in vitro by the use of mixed cell cultures and of cytotoxicity tests. Immunised tumor-bearing animals reacted more vigorously than those from non-immunised animals when the tumor was small. With increasing tumor volume the specific tumor immunity disappeared in both immunised and non-immunised animals. Sera obtained from immunised or regressor animals were cytotoxic and partially blocked the mixed cell interaction. Sera obtained from progressor animals were neither cytotoxic and nor did they block the mixed cell interaction. Cytotoxic activities resided within immunoglobulin fractions enriched in IgG1 or IgG2, whereas blocking activity was mainly associated with IgG2. The effector cell function was not inhibited by the immunoglobulin fractions tested. In the discussion it is suggested that the ratio of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies elicited during immune treatment may critically influence the success or failure of immunotherapy.
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PMID:Immunotherapy with tumor cells and BCG in the guinea pig, studied by immunological in vivo and in vitro experiments. 20 79

Suppression of growth of the line-10 guinea pig hepatocarcinoma was achieved after the simultaneous injection of line-10 cells and heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of tumor was also suppressed when line-10 cells were injected alone, contralaterally, at the same time as the vaccine mixture. Immunity developed to subsequent line-10 cell challenges but not to other syngeneic tumors. Similar results were obtained with the use of protein A-rich or -deficient strains of S. aureus. Multiple intratumor injections of heat-killed S. aureus were therapeutically effective against 6-day tumors. The antitumor effects of nonviable S. aureus were similar in many ways to those of living BCG or bacterial products suspended in oil droplets.
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PMID:Suppression and immunotherapy of the guinea pig line-10 hepatocarcinoma mediated by nonviable Staphylococcus aureus. 21 Feb 95


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