Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the aid of a simple silver-staining procedure, large numbers and unusual arrays of nucleolar argyrophilic granules were found in Novikoff hepatoma, KB, and HeLa cells. Some of these arrays consisted of linearly arranged discrete granules, and others were in two to three rows each containing three to five granules. Corresponding formations were not found in either the normal or regenerating liver nucleoli which contained an argyrophilic network in which the dark granules were apparently associated with the less dark argyrophilic fibrils of a reticulum. The nucleolar argyrophilic granules were readily identifiable in the separated daughter nuclei of the tumor cells in telophase, suggesting that the increased nucleolar activity of the G1 phase begins in these cells even before cell division has been completed.
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PMID:Silver staining of nucleolar granules in tumor cells. 8 81

Nucleoli isolated from Novikoff hepatoma cells were stained with AgNO3 to demonstrate the typical staining of active ribosomal cistrons. Pre-treatment of the nucleoli with 80 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) -- 2.0 M NaCl did not interfere with silver staining. Treatment of the nucleoli with 80 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) -- 0.15 M NaCl did, however, eliminate silver binding. Serial extraction of nucleoli with 2.0 M NaCl buffer followed by 0.15 M NaCl buffer also abolished silver staining. Analysis of the supernatant fraction of these extracts by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that, although more than one nucleolar protein can bind silver, only one protein is associated with the staining of active ribosomal cistrons.
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PMID:Identification of a silver binding protein associated with the cytological silver staining of actively transcribing nucleolar regions. 9 80

An H4-IIE-C3 hepatoma cell line derived from an ACI rat has been shown to have differentially stained regions attached to the short arms of chromosomes 3, 11 and 13 and the long arm of an unidentified small chromosome. There is cell to cell variability in the number and size of the differentially stained regions, which contain, on the average, about 5% of the total DNA. A series of secondary constrictions occur at intervals along the length of each differentially stained region. These stain with silver by the Ag-AS method, indicating that the differentially stained regions contain sites of active 45S ribosomal precursor RNA transcription. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes shows that the hepatoma cells have a 10 fold increase in DNA coding for 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA, 90% of it located in the differentially stained regions, and no change in the number of genes coding for 5S RNA. These results have been confirmed by filter disc hybridization.
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PMID:Marked increase in ribosomal RNA gene multiplicity in a rat hepatoma cell line. 42 74

Deviations in the pattern of soluble proteins from chemically induced primary rat hepatomas and from transformed, tumorigenic liver cell lines were determined by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). As compared with the protein pattern of normal rat liver with approximately 1300 protein spots visible in silver-stained gels, quantitative and qualitative alterations were found in hepatomas including neoexpression of glutathione-S-transferase P, as described earlier. After correction for proliferation-related changes by comparison with gels of cells from regenerating rat liver, 30 protein variants remained, which were identically up- (n = 6) or down-regulated (n = 18) or were detected as new spots (n = 6) in primary hepatomas and transformed tumorigenic liver cell lines which are devoid of contaminating nonparenchymal cells. Seven of these variants showed a reduced expression in short-term cultured liver cells indicating dedifferentiation processes in the transformed state. Several hepatoma- and transformation-associated variants were found in clusters of similar mol. wt and/or pI, among them a complex of eight protein variants at approximately 33-35.5 kDa and a pI of approximately 6.6-7.4. Spots of this cluster show considerable changes between the investigated experimental groups and might be suited for being studied at the level of posttranslational modification during carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Variant protein patterns in hepatomas and transformed liver cell lines as determined by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). 163 84

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were quantitatively counted and DNA content was measured via flow cytometry in 31 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Ag-NORs counts were 2.1 +/- 1.20 in HCC with diploid DNA content which was significantly lower than the amount (7.0 +/- 2.01) obtained in HCC with aneuploid DNA content (P less than 0.05). The Ag-NORs counts in grade I (well differentiated) HCC were 1.8 +/- 0.24, significantly lower than 4.6 +/- 1.78 and 6.9 +/- 2.29 in grade II (moderately differentiated) and grade III (poorly differentiated) HCC, respectively (P less than 0.05). It is considered that Ag-NORs counting might be a useful indicator in predicting the malignant degree of HCC at the optical level.
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PMID:[Relationship between nucleolar organizer regions and DNA content in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 165 97

The silver staining technique to demonstrate nucleolar organizer region (NOR)-associated proteins (AgNORs) was applied to a variety of liver tissues, including chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver cirrhosis (LC), liver cell dysplasia (LCD), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, only discrete, easily counted black dots within nuclei and silver-stained nucleolus were counted under a magnification of x400 without oil-immersion objectives. The mean AgNOR counts of HCC and LCD were significantly higher than that of normal hepatocytes, and 77% of cases of LCD and 56% of HCC had mean AgNOR counts more than 2, whereas those in CPH, CAH, LC, FNH and AH were always less than 2 and were not different from that of normal hepatocytes. Among HCC, the mean number of AgNORs increased with the grade of the tumor. However, the AgNOR counts of grade I HCC were always less than 2 and overlapped with those of normal hepatocytes and other benign categories. All cases with mean AgNOR counts of more than 2 turned out to be HCC, except LCD which exhibited characteristic histologic appearances easily distinguished from HCC. These findings suggest that AgNORs could be quantitatively useful in evaluating the grade of HCC, even under routine microscopic examination without oil-immersion objectives, and mean AgNOR counts of more than 2 per nucleus are hallmarks of HCC.
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PMID:Identification of nucleolar organizer regions in non-neoplastic and neoplastic hepatocytes by the silver-staining technique. 169 6

Detection of HBxAg was done by the immunogold-silver staining technique in 22 liver cancer specimens from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and positive markers of hepatitis B were found to express HBxAg of hepatitis B virus, which was distributed in the perinuclear cytoplasm. The result suggests that HBxAg can be detected practically in all the liver specimens of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, who had been infected by hepatitis B virus. The relationship between X gene and its translation product and hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed.
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PMID:[Detection of HBxAg in liver specimens of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 196 3

By means of a silver staining method, Nucleolar Organizer Region-associated proteins (NORs) have been evaluated on paraffin sections of a series of 58 ultrasound-guided liver biopsy specimens. These included 12 normal livers, 12 cirrhotic livers, 12 cases of chronic hepatitis and 22 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was found between the mean AgNOR scores of the normal and pathological biopsies, and between the non-neoplastic and the carcinomatous lesions. The authors suggest that AgNOR counts, in combination with conventional histocytological criteria, may be a useful method in the diagnosis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in normal and pathological liver: a quantitative analysis. 196 12

To demonstrate postangiographic Lipiodol (LIP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in paraffin sections, direct impregnation of formalin-fixed tissue blocks with silver nitrate (AgNO3) was followed by routine processing. LIP appeared as black globules in the sinusoids. Ninety-four tissue blocks from 13 postangiographic LIP HCCs and 69 from 8 non-LIP HCCs and 4 fatty livers were studied. Seventy-two of 73 negative controls and all positive blocks as seen on soft tissue radiographs (STRs) were correctly coded (specificity 98.6%, sensitivity 100%). Twenty-six of the 44 LIP-negative areas on STRs from LIP cases contained scanty globules of less than 10 microns in diameter. Fatty change gave no positive readings. Thus, modified AgNO3 impregnation is a simple, accurate means of detecting LIP in high-quality paraffin sections suitable for tumor diagnosis and, if applied to postangiographic LIP, ultrasonographically guided liver biopsy, can verify that a biopsy has reached a suspected tumor focus.
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PMID:Demonstration of Lipiodol in paraffin sections using a modified silver impregnation technique. 217 99

The number of silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNOR) was counted in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver lesions induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA) and was compared with that of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-incorporating cells detected immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody against BrdU. Male ACI/N rats were given diet containing 200 ppm FAA for 12, 16 or 20 weeks to induce hepatocellular foci and tumors. The mean numbers of AgNOR stained by a one-step silver colloid method and BrdU-labeling indices in various liver cell lesions were as follows: nontreated liver (n = 20), 1.20 and 0.08; nonlesional areas (n = 20), 1.33 and 0.13; altered liver cell foci (n = 80), 2.04 and 4.05 [eosinophilic cell type (n = 20), 1.78 and 1.82; clear cell type (n = 20), 1.45 and 1.77; basophilic cell type (n = 20), 1.99 and 4.58; hyperbasophilic cell type (n = 20), 2.94 and 8.02]; neoplastic nodules (n = 10), 3.11 and 2.99; hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 10), 7.22 and 8.29. Thus, the mean number of AgNOR and the value of BrdU-labeling index were well correlated and both values showed a stepwise increase from normal liver cells to liver cell carcinoma, although some scatter was present. These data suggest that mean number of AgNOR may reflect the cellular kinetics in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and the one-step silver colloid method for demonstration of AgNOR may therefore be a simple and useful staining to examine the proliferative nature of cells.
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide in rats: comparison with bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. 251 66


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