Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatoma cases (n = 130) were analyzed by means of histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings. There were 99 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 15 cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and 16 combined HCC and CC (HCC+CC). The clinical features and the cases accompanied with hepatitis and/or liver cirrhosis in the non-tumor liver tissue of HCC+CC cases were intermediate between HCC and CC cases. Histologically, in HCC+CC cases, there were 4 cases with trabecular, 4 with pseudoglandular, 3 with solid type. In these 11 cases, the CC occupied less than 10% of the neoplasm. These cases were designated as HCC+CC type I. There was no obvious stromal fibrosis. The rest 5 cases of HCC+CC cases showed tubular carcinoma in which the CC occupied more than 10% of the tumor. These cases were designated as HCC+CC type II. There was significant fibrosis in the stroma. In all HCC+CC cases only the CC region was positive for mucin and EMA staining. Nearly 70% of the HCC+CC cases had intracytoplasmic glycogen in the HCC area. Transition areas between HCC and CC in both type I and type II HCC+CC cases were observed and they were mucin negative but EMA positive. In conclusion, HCC+CC has both HCC and CC regions with the characteristics of HCC and CC, respectively. Histochemical mucin staining and immunohistochemical EMA staining are helpful in the detection and diagnosis of the HCC+CC.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of mixed type hepatocellular carcinoma]. 765 28

A case of a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is presented showing mucin production in both the HCC and the CC component. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins 7 and 19 was performed and it is concluded that immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 7 and 19 is an additional criterion to the detection of mucin in making the diagnosis of a combined HCC-CC of the transitional type.
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PMID:Cytokeratin profiles and mucin secretion in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. A case report. 883 55

Cancer metastasis is a complex phenomenon consisting of several sequential steps: invasion of primary sites, entry into blood or lymphatic vessels, transport, lodgement, extravasation, and growth at the target sites. These steps are achieved by peculiar interactions between tumor cells and host tissues. We developed several sublines from rat ascites hepatoma AH7974 that displayed different substrates adhesiveness and lung metastatic potential and demonstrated that the expression of 62 and 56kDa laminin-like substances with alpha-galactose residues on tumor cell surfaces is one of the determinants associated with the lung-colonizing potential of these cells. So, we expanded our investigation to detect the metastasis/prognosis-related carbohydrate antigens in primary cancers of the breast, lung, stomach, and large intestine by lectin histochemistry or immunohistochemistry. The results showed that certain types of carbohydrate antigen expressions in cancer cells are profoundly related to not only the mode of metastatic spread and the organ distribution pattern of metastasis but also the prognosis of cancer patients. Lymphatic metastasis was related to the expression of mucin core type carbohydrates (Tn antigen and Tn-like antigens) in common, whereas there were no conspicuous similarities in the hematogenous metastasis-related carbohydrates among the cancers. The expressions of blood group antigens such as ABH, Lewis and MN including their precursors appeared to be strong prognostic indicators of these cancers, although the relation of these antigens to each cancer varied. These results suggest that adhesion molecules and/or carbohydrates are one of the determinants of cancer metastasis and prognosis at least in part.
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PMID:[Adhesion molecules and carbohydrates in cancer metastasis]. 899 Sep 31

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is an uncommon form of primary liver cancer having features of both hepatocellular and biliary epithelial differentiation. We reviewed 21 cases of this tumour diagnosed between 1972 and 1996 (patient age range 16-79 years; mean patient age 49.7 years; 18 male and three female patients). Histologically, the majority (n = 18) of tumours were 'mixed' tumours, in which areas of hepatocellular and biliary epithelial differentiation were intimately mixed within the same tumours. Two patients had separate tumours in which discrete nodules of HCC and CC occurred in the same livers. One patient had a 'fibrolamellar' tumour that histologically simulated the fibrolamellar variant of HCC, but some of the tumour cells were mucin-producing cells. Of the 21 cases, mucin was demonstrable in 16 and, in the few mucin-negative tumours, electron microscopic studies confirmed the presence of the dual differentiation. The tumours frequently exhibited an invasive character with frequent venous permeation, direct invasion into adjacent liver parenchyma and tumour microsatellite formation, similar to that of ordinary HCC. Histological evidence of cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis was present in 77.8% of patients and 75% of patients were hepatitis B surface antigen positive. Raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (above 300 ng/mL) were present in 61.5% of patients and AFP was detected immunohistochemically in 55% of tumours. The overall survival times of patients with HCC-CC were short. In conclusion, HCC-CC showed clinical and pathological features more akin to those of ordinary HCC than to CC.
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PMID:Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a clinicopathological study. 973 69

In this article, we report the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding an isoform of bile-salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) expressed by human hepatoma cells. The BSDL is a 100-kDa glycoprotein normally expressed by the human pancreas. Using a polyclonal antibody raised against an internal peptide located between Ile(327) and Glu(350) of the human pancreatic BSDL, we have immunodetected an isoform of human pancreatic BSDL, with an apparent molecular mass of about 62 kDa. This isoform of BSDL was mainly associated with the cytosol of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), the remaining protein being found in the microsome fraction. In addition, esterolytic activity on p-nitrophenyl hexanoate measured in microsomes and cytosol appeared very low and was weakly stimulated by bile salts, such as taurocholate. In contrast to human pancreatic BSDL, which is secreted as a component of pancreatic juice, this isoform appeared to be retained in the HepG2 cells. Reverse transcription, followed by PCR and amplification, performed on RNA extracted from HepG2 cells using specific primers hybridizing to the sequence coding for the entire normal human pancreatic BSDL, allowed us to amplify a 1. 7-kb transcript that appeared to be 0.5 kb shorter than the transcript of the pancreatic enzyme (2.2 kb). From the sequence of the transcript thus obtained, a protein with a molecular mass of 62 kDa might be predicted, which is in good agreement with the size of the isoform of BSDL immunodetected in HepG2 cells. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence, deduced from the 1.7-kb transcript sequence, matched that of the pancreatic BSDL. However, the C-terminal domain appeared truncated, bearing only a single mucin-like sequence compared with sixteen for the human pancreatic BSDL. The actual intracellular function of this human BSDL hepatoma isoform remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Immunodetection and molecular cloning of a bile-salt-dependent lipase isoform in HepG2 cells. 1043 15

Although estimation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT), the clinical usefulness of this test is limited by a low specificity. However, there exist glycoforms of AFP which may be more specific for particular tumours. Previously, detailed analysis has been prevented by the low levels of AFP in human serum. We report here the application of fluorescence labelling, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization in time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to determine the glycan structures of purified serum AFP from patients with HCC and NSGCT. Eleven major glycans were found, of which seven were N-linked, and four were O-linked, to the protein backbone. The structure of the N-linked glycans (all of bi-antennary complex-type with varying degrees of sialylation, fucosylation and galactosylation) were consistent with those previously reported. The O-linked glycans (three mucin O-GalNAc type glycans with variable degrees of sialylation, one O-HexNAc monosaccharide glycan) have not previously been reported. The finding of mucin O-GalNAc type glycans was supported by the prediction of potential O-GalNAc glycosylation sites on the protein backbone by analysis of the AFP structure by molecular modelling. With knowledge of these structures it may be possible to develop more specific assays for the detection of HCC and NSGCT.
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PMID:Glycan composition of serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumour. 1058 81

In a review of 79 cases of gall bladder malignancy, nineteen cases were labelled as unusual tumors while sixty were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Alcian blue, PAS, Grimelius' and Masson trichrome stains were done. Expression of EMA, CEA and desmin was assessed (PAP). Histological subtype was revised, in eleven cases out of 19. Five tumors initially diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma were found to be positive for mucin and CEA and hence were reclassified as adenosquamous carcinoma. Three undifferentiated carcinomas and two malignant carcinoids were labelled as adenocarcinoma and composite tumor respectively. Positive reactivity with CEA and alcian blue PAS and absence of AFP helped in differentiating one giant cell carcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma. No definite marker could be identified in one case of malignant mesenchymal tumor. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry also helped in confirming the diagnosis of three cases of carcinoma in situ, one of malignant carcinoid and three of clear cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Diagnostic distinction between unusual malignant tumors of gall bladder by histochemistry and antigenic phenotype. 1063 74

We report a rare case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma that occurred in the left hepatic lobe of a 62-year-old man and measured 20 cm in its greatest dimension. The neoplastic epithelium consisted of two types of cells: (1) cells with clear cytoplasm containing abundant mucin, and (2) cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, which in some areas formed nodules with hepatocytoid features (polygonal cell shape, large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and pseudoglandular structures). Histochemical stains revealed the presence of cytoplasmic mucin in the hepatocytoid areas, whereas immunohistochemical stains clearly showed a biliary phenotype (diffuse positive staining for "biliary type" cytokeratins, rare foci of positive staining with antibody to human hepatocytes (HEP-PAR1), absence of staining for alpha-fetoprotein, and no evidence of canalicular pattern of staining with polyclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen). These findings indicate that areas reminiscent of hepatocellular carcinoma may occur in biliary cystadenocarcinomas. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains are useful in reaching a definitive diagnosis in such cases.
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PMID:Biliary cystadenocarcinoma with two types of tumour cells. 1114 78

A transitional type of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma developed in a 12-year-old male Yorkshire terrier dog. The tumor was histologically composed of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma components, and both elements were closely intermingled. Intraluminal mucin accumulation in cytokeratin-positive tubular/glandular structures was observed within the cholangiocellular carcinoma components and this feature was useful histological marker for a differential diagnosis between combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma and a pseudoglandular type of hepatocellular carcinoma. This primary hepatic tumor is extremely rare in dogs.
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PMID:Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma in a dog. 1134 90

Most cholangiocarcinomas are ductal adenocarcinomas that arise from both intra- and extrahepatic bile duct epithelium, and their typical growth pattern can be classified as exophytic, infiltrative, polypoid, or a combination of these. Those of unusual histologic type (eg, mucin-hypersecreting cholangiocarcinoma, squamous adenocarcinoma, biliary cystadenocarcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma) show a growth pattern different from that of the typical ones (ie, ductal). Cholangiocarcinomas frequently develop in patients with any of a variety of preexisting bile duct diseases, some of which are considered precursors of cholangiocarcinoma (eg, biliary lithiasis, clonorchiasis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis). Some bulky hepatic tumors of either primary or secondary origin mimic exophytic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Some variants of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as sclerosing, fibrolamellar, and cholangiohepatocellular carcinoma, resemble exophytic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma, while that with intraductal growth resembles polypoid cholangiocarcinoma. Among benign bile duct diseases, tumorous conditions (eg, benign biliary tumors) may mimic polypoid cholangiocarcinoma, whereas benign stricture of various causes (eg, cholangitides, traumatic and postsurgical sequelae, chronic pancreatitis, papillary stenosis) usually mimics infiltrative cholangiocarcinoma.
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PMID:Radiologic spectrum of cholangiocarcinoma: emphasis on unusual manifestations and differential diagnoses. 1159 51


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