Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sialyltransferases responsible for the formation of sugar chains in glycoproteins were studied in rat hepatoma in comparison with rat liver. Hepatoma induced by feeding Wistar rats with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (MeDAB) was more active than Wistar liver in sialylating asialo-orosomucoid, and this was due to an increased activity of Gal(beta 1----4)GlcNAc (alpha 2----6) sialyltransferase, the major sialyltransferase in these tissues. Gal(beta 1----3,4)GlcNAc (alpha 2----3) sialyltransferase and the sialyltransferase acting on asialo-bovine submaxillary mucin were, however, decreased in the hepatoma. A similar pattern of sialyltransferase alterations was observed in regenerating liver and other tumors such as AH-109A hepatoma and Sato lung cancer, both of which had been inoculated into Donryu rats. In contrast to these sialyltransferases, the activities of the sialyltransferases responsible for the formation of gangliosides were markedly different even between Wistar and Donryu livers. When compared with Wistar liver, MeDAB-induced hepatoma was higher in lactosylceramide- and lower in GM3-sialyltransferase activity, but these two activities were both lower in AH-109A compared with Donryu liver.
 ...
PMID:Comparative study of the levels of sialyltransferases responsible for the formation of sugar chains in glycoproteins and gangliosides in rat liver and hepatomas. 313 1

The influence of varying the amount of wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on Sepharose beads on the binding of glycoproteins to these beads was investigated. A series of wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose gels containing between 0.10 and 10.0 mg of lectin/ml of gel was prepared, and the actual lectin content was established by acid hydrolysis of the gel followed by analysis of glycine, a major amino acid in wheat germ agglutinin. Affinity chromatography of labeled glycoproteins indicated that glycophorin bound to all the wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose preparations. Fetuin, ovomucoid, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein bound not at all or very poorly to gels with a low content of wheat germ agglutinin (less than 0.95 mg/ml). The specific binding of these glycoproteins increased with increasing lectin content on the gels, and on gels of high content (greater than 3 mg/ml) the binding was virtually quantitative. On chromatographing a mixture of glycophorin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and ovomucoid on wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose, containing 0.08 mg of lectin/ml of gel, glycophorin was selectively retained on the gel. It was possible to purify glycophorin from an extract of human erythrocyte membranes in one step by chromatography on the above gel. By using the series of gels, it was demonstrated that Morris hepatoma 7777 membranes contained at least 4-fold more sialoglycoproteins which bound to low density wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose compared to rat liver membranes. These hepatoma sialoglycoproteins were isolated, purified, and partially characterized as having a high proportion of O-linked sialyloligosaccharides. Our studies illustrate the use of low density wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose gels both for the detection and for easy isolation of mucin-type glycoproteins from crude extracts of cells or membranes.
 ...
PMID:Interaction of sialoglycoproteins with wheat germ agglutinin-sepharose of varying ratio of lectin to Sepharose. Use for the purification of mucin glycoproteins from membrane extracts. 371 Nov 7

By immunoperoxidase histochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, the production of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), albumin(ALB), transferrin(TF), alpha-1-antitrypsin(AAT), and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was examined in 35 operatively resected stomach cancers with elevated serum AFP levels (higher than 20 ng/ml as determined by radioimmunoassay). Cells positive for AFP were found in 19 cases (54%). In 29 cases (83%), some tumor cells contained normal serum proteins (ALB, TF, or AAT). All 19 tumors with AFP-positive cells also stained positively for two or three kinds of normal serum proteins. In some cases, AFP and normal serum proteins were localized in the same cells. There were two cases in which metastatic tumors produced AFP, whereas the primary sites did not. In nine cases (26%), HCG was present in tumor cells and HCG- and AFP-positive cells were coexistent in six tumors. Histologic examination of AFP-producing stomach tumors revealed medullary or papillotubular arrangements with marked nuclear atypia and eosinophilic granular or clear cytoplasms containing no glycogen or mucin. Some tumors with medullary patterns resembled liver cell carcinomas. Concordant phenotypic expression of AFP and normal serum protein production appears to be a general feature of AFP-producing tumors such as liver cell carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and stomach cancer.
 ...
PMID:Production of alpha-fetoprotein, normal serum proteins, and human chorionic gonadotropin in stomach cancer: histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of 35 cases. 616 23

The membrane-bound UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase from an ascites hepatoma, AH 66, has been purified 48,100-fold, mainly by affinity chromatography in aqueous Triton X-100 on apomucin (deglycosylated bovine submaxillary mucin) coupled to Sepharose. The purified preparation behaved homogeneously on gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 in aqueous Triton X-100 and on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with an apparent molecular weight of about 55,000. The enzyme requires Mn2+, and only UDP-GalNAc served as a sugar donor. Apomucin, A1 protein, kappa-casein, apofetuin, and apoantifreeze glycoproteins served as acceptors, but the rate and amount of the transfer varied considerably from one acceptor to another. The transfer reaction terminated at the level of glycosylation of from only a few to at most about 40% of the serine plus threonine residues from which mucin-type oligosaccharides had been removed. This indicates that the transferase requires a certain conformation surrounding the acceptor site, but suggests also that a special mechanism may be functioning in vivo for frequent glycosylation of the abundant serine plus threonine residues of mucins. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I, ceramide di- and trihexosides, and globoside were not acceptors.
 ...
PMID:Purification and characterization of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase from an ascites hepatoma, AH 66. 680 38

We isolated the Golgi-rich fraction from rat ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells and rat liver, and compared some properties of glycosyltransferases using various acceptors. The specific activity of sialyltransferase in the hepatoma Golgi fractions was reduced to 19--41% depending upon the acceptor used (asialo-orosomucoid, asialo-fetuin or asialo-mucin), as compared to that of the normal liver Golgi fraction. However, no significant difference between the enzymes from the two sources was observed in pH optimum, requirements for the enzyme activity, and Km values for the donor substrate (CMP-sialic acid) and various acceptors used. The specific activity and other kinetic parameters of hepatoma galactosyltransferase were not significantly different from those of the liver enzyme, when assayed with N-acetylglucosamine, asialo-agalacto-fetuin and asialomucin as acceptors. Glycosyltransferases in the hepatoma and liver Golgi fractions were then assayed with plasma membranes from both sources as exogenous acceptor. Hepatoma sialyltransferase activity was much lower (1/2 to 1/4) than that of the normal liver. Galactosyltransferase activity, however, was found to be slightly higher in the hepatoma Golgi fraction than in the normal liver. Acceptor plasma membranes which were thus glycosylated in vitro by each Golgi enzyme were separated into protein and lipid fractions, and the latter fraction was further analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The results suggest that the hepatoma Golgi had much lower levels of glycoprotein : sialyltransferase and asialo-GM1 : sialyltransferase, but had an increased activity of asialo-GM3 : sialyltransferase. It is also suggested that the hepatoma Golgi had a high activity for the formation of di- and tri-glycosylceramides, for which the liver Golgi showed negligible activity.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi complex from rat ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells: a comparison with those from normal liver. 681 67

Seven cases of ovarian yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) with patterns resembling those of hepatocellular carcinoma were encountered in patients 7-43 years of age. Two of the patients had gonadal dysgenesis with a 46XY karyotype. At operation three tumors were confined to the ovary and four were associated with intra-abdominal metastases. Two of the Stage I tumors recurred within one year. The hepatoid pattern was a prominent feature of all the tumors and was exclusive in four of them. In one specimen it merged almost imperceptibly with a polyvesicular vitelline pattern. The hepatoid component of the tumors was characterized by discrete masses, nests and/or broad bands of large polyhedral cells with central nuclei and prominent nucleoli; gland-like spaces, some of which contained mucin, were occasionally evident. Each tumor contained numerous PAS-positive, diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. Alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were identified by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in four tumors and albumin in two. Immunoperoxidase stains for chorionic gonadotropin were negative in four cases. Ultrastructural analysis of two specimens disclosed features similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hepatoid yolk sac tumor of the ovary (endodermal sinus tumor with hepatoid differentiation): a light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. 713 31

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is rare, constituting much less than 5% of all primary liver cancers. Its dual histologic and cytologic differentiation may be a major problem in the differential diagnosis of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of the liver. We describe two cases of combined HCC-CC, both examined initially by FNAB. Cytologic smears were markedly cellular, with a population of slightly to moderately pleomorphic neoplastic cells, often arranged in cohesive cords and columns resembling anastomosing hepatic plates. Many of these cells had centrally placed nuclei and a moderate amount of granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Other cellular groups were arranged in acinar formations, with eccentric nuclei and intraluminal and cytoplasmic mucin production. Both types of cells were positive for cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen; in one case the carcinoma cells were also focally positive for alpha-fetoprotein. Although these neoplasms may pose diagnostic challenges, our experience suggests that HCC-CC may be suspected or even diagnosed by FNAB.
 ...
PMID:Cytomorphology of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in fine needle aspirates of the liver. A report of two cases. 750 82

A carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lewis X (SLEX), is an inflammation-associated liver cell antigen, which is increasingly expressed as histological diagnosis progresses. A solid phase radioimmunoassay was developed to determine the plasma levels of this substance which were found to be elevated in about 70% of patients with liver disease, with no significant differences among disease groups. Although the plasma levels of SLEX were not directly correlated with the degree of hepatic SLEX expression, the abnormal values were only found in cases with hepatic SLEX expression. Cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma had comparable values. Plasma levels of SLEX decreased significantly in chronic hepatitis patients successfully treated with IFN, but not in those without a favourable clinical response. Plasma SLEX was carried by some macromolecules with chromatographic and buoyant properties of mucin-type glycoproteins, and others of non-mucin type. These observations suggested that (i) the plasma levels of SLEX increase significantly but non-specifically in liver diseases, (ii) liver cells in the inflammatory lesion are probably the origin of the SLEX-active glycoproteins in the peripheral circulation, (iii) both the increased hepatic synthesis and impaired secretion of the SLEX-positive glycoproteins might be related to the tissue expression and plasma levels of SLEX, and (iv) plasma SLEX might be a useful marker to evaluate the activity of inflammatory liver disease in individual patients and to monitor their treatment.
 ...
PMID:Elevated plasma levels of a carbohydrate antigen, sialyl Lewis X, in liver diseases. 751 12

Expression of mucin core protein of mammary type (MUC-1 core protein) was investigated in primary hepatic carcinoma (25 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, 15 cases of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma and 18 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma) with monoclonal antibody DF3 and a standard avidinbiotin complex method. MUC-1 core protein was almost always expressed in cholangiocarcinoma and in the cholangiocarcinoma area of hepatocellular-cholangio-cellular carcinoma to a varied degree, whereas such expression was virtually absent in hepatocellular carcinoma and the hepatocellular carcinoma areas of hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma. Nonneoplastic intrahepatic biliary epithelium, as well as hepatocytes, was virtually negative for this protein. In well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, this protein tended to be expressed on luminal surfaces, whereas poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma showed cell membranous or diffuse cytoplasmic staining patterns. Double staining with Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and immunostaining for MUC-1 core protein showed that although some parts of cancerous areas were positive for both stains, most cancerous areas were only positive for one. Alcian blue--positive areas were dominant over MUC-1 core protein--expressing areas in well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, whereas the reverse was the case in poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinomas and also in cholangiocarcinoma areas of hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma. This study is the first report to document that cholangiocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma areas of hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma express MUC-1 core protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Expression of mucin core protein of mammary type in primary liver cancer. 752 72

We herein evaluated 36 cases of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) (including 29 surgically resected and seven autopsy cases) by the immunohistochemical methods of anticytokeratin antibodies 7 and 19, and then analyzed the clinicopathologic features by comparing cHCC-CC with ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). The results indicated that even if mucin production could not be confirmed, nine cases with HCC areas that showed a histological resemblance to CC also showed immunohistological biliary differentiation. Therefore, we advocate that these HCC with biliary differentiation based on an immunohistochemical analysis should thus be included in the criteria of cHCC-CC in broad terms. Regardless of the extent of mucin production, the cHCC-CCs as indicated by an immunohistochemical analysis are considered to have a similar background to that of ordinary HCCs regarding such factors as the average age, male:female ratio, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb) positivity, alpha-fetoprotein level, and the presence of cirrhosis. However, cHCC-CCs tend to metastasize to many organs and the lymph nodes, and, as a result, have a poor prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma: proposed criteria according to cytokeratin expression and analysis of clinicopathologic features. 754 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>