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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem in China. This study examined liver function in relation to HBV infection, and the occupational and lifestyle factors among workers in Shanghai. The study included 690 male workers aged 20-59 employed at a steel manufacturing company. The occupational and lifestyle factors were evaluated by self-administered questionnaire addressing worksite, exposure to dust or chemicals, history of cigarette smoking and habitual alcohol consumption. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) seropositivity was 21.4%. Elevated values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, >30IU/liter) appeared in HBsAg-positive and current alcohol drinking groups but statistically on the borderline. There was a positive linear trend in the odds ratios(ORs) among age groups and ethanol consumption levels for elevated values of g-glutamyl transferase (GGT, >50IU/liter). There was no clear association between occupational exposure and liver functions. When the effects of HBsAg and the current alcohol drinking status on the elevated value of AST were examined simultaneously, OR for cases with HBsAg-positive and current alcohol drinking rose to 2.85(95%CI.98-8.28) against reference cases with HBsAg-negative and non-alcohol drinking, although this association was statistically on the borderline. The results indicated that some interventional attempts including educational strategy for alcohol drinking would be important among the HBsAg-positive cases to reduce the risk of liver dysfunction and further, hepatocellular carcinoma.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:The Effects of the Hepatitis B Virus and Occupational and Lifestyle Factors on Liver Function Among Workers in Shanghai. 1271 33

The cancer registry is an essential part of any rational programme of cancer control. The information is the primary resource for epidemiological research and for planning and evaluating health services for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Epidemiological research, based on comprehensive cancer registration, remains the most valid and efficient way to plan and evaluate all aspects of cancer control. The estimated incidence of primary liver cancer in Thailand is very high, Liver cancer is the leading cancer in males and third in frequency in females. There is a very marked regional variation, with the highest incidence in the northeast, the age - standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Khon Kaen is highest in the world. The percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) varies greatly between regions. In Thailand, chronic infections with hepatitis B virus and the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini are the major risk factors for the development of HCC and CCA, respectively. Primary prevention is an important approach for prevention and control of liver cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Thailand. 1271 42

A population-based case-control study was carried out to investigate risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Nagoya, Japan, including hepatitis virus infections, drinking and smoking habits and genetic polymorphisms in aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1). A total of 84 patients with HCC and 84 sex, age and residence pair-matched controls were recruited for this study. By univariate analysis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) (OR=5.14; 95%CI=2.29-11.6) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)(OR=32.00; 95%CI=7.83-130.7) infections, having a history of blood transfusion (OR=5.25; 95%CI=1.80-15.29), and habitual smoking (OR=2.36; 95%CI=1.17-4.78) were significantly linked to cases; by multivariate analysis, HCV infection (OR=23.5; 95%CI=5.07-108.9) and habitual smoking (OR=5.41; 95%CI=1.10-26.70) were still associated with a significantly increased risk. The c1/c1 genotype of CYP2E1 (odds ratio [OR]= 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.21-0.99), detected by Pstl and Rsal digestion was significantly more prevalent in the control group, while 1-1 genotype of ALDH2 (OR=1.24; 95%CI=0.70-2.20) did not demonstrate variation. There were no statistically significant interactions between habitual smoking/drinking and genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2/P4502E1 with reference to HCC development. These findings suggest that viruses, especially HCV infection, and habitual smoking are major independent risk factors, while genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 have only limited contribution to the risk of HCC in Nagoya, Japan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:HBV/HCV Infection, Alcohol, Tobacco and Genetic Polymorphisms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nagoya, Japan. 1271 71

Objective: To determine whether screening can lead to early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and improvement of long-term outcome. Methods: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serosurvey plus ultrasonography have been employed as the principal screening approach for early detection of subclinical HCC. Results: During January 1971-December 1997, 2742 patients with pathologically proven HCC were retrospectively reviewed. Comparison between screening patients(n=1019) and clinical patients(n=1723), revealed the former to have a higher proportion of subclinical stage(74.1% vs 5.3%), a smaller tumor size (<;5cm, 52.1% vs 17.8%), a higher proportion of single tumors (71.6% vs 55.4%), a higher proportion of encapsulated tumors(65.5% vs 43.1%), a lower proportion of tumor emboli in the portal vein (6.8% vs 10.8%), a lower r-GTP level (<6 units, 44.5% vs 28.3%), a lower preoperative AFP level(<400ng/ml, 30.0% vs 25.0%), a higher resection rate (81.1% vs 58.0%), a higher radical resection rate(72.4% vs 66.6%), a lower operative mortality rate (2.5% vs 4.8%), a higher postoperative normalization of AFP level (37.5% vs 24.0%) and higher survival rates (5-year, 49.9% vs 32.5%; 10-year, 34.4% vs 24.0%). Conclusions: The significance of the role of screening for HCC is clear. It provides a hopeful chance of cure of HCC, has proven to be an important approach to improve overall prognosis, and has also led to changing concepts in clinical research into HCC.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Screening. 1271 78

To assess the relevance of altered iron metabolism, hemoglobin electrophoresis by isoelectric focusing was performed for 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the Liver Unit, Yangon General Hospital. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin and free iron were also determined. Hemoglobin A (HbA) was found in all of the cases. Four cases had one extra band, hemoglobin A(2) in three cases, and hemoglobin F in one case. No abnormal hemoglobin was detected. Anemias due to chronic disorders or associated with liver disease were observed in all of the cases. Iron overload was documented in 83% and free iron was detected in all cases. Viral markers like HBsAg, AntiHBc, and AntiHCV singly or in combination were found in all cases. HCC occurring at young age was seen in this study; the youngest patient was 23 years old and four cases (25%) were under 40 years, with a mean age of 49 years. The findings support the hypothesis that free iron and iron overload is a potential promoter of the development of HCC, especially if underlying chronic viral infection is present.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:Hemoglobinopathies, Iron Overload and Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Myanmar. 1271 79

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum hyaluronan (HA) as a marker of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Serum HA was measured by an ELISA-based method in 28 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 43 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 57 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 60 healthy controls. Mean serum HA concentration in patients with LC was 1,376.80 +/- 2,568.85 ng/ml which was significantly higher than those in patients with CH, HCC and the controls (575.93 +/- 732.58, and 426.36 +/- 687.33, and 117.86 +/- 311.11 ng/ml, respectively). Based on a ROC curve analysis, a cut-off point of 354 ng/ml discriminated between LC and other groups with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 82.4%, 78.2%, and 80.2%, respectively. Mean HA concentrations were correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, but not the grade of necroinflammatory activity. In patients with LC, the mean serum HA level was significantly increased in the Child C group (3,977.96 +/- 4,906.21 ng/ml) in comparison with the Child B and A groups (1,002.63 +/- 448.55, and 537.90 +/- 424.16 ng/ml, respectively). We conclude that serum HA concentrations reflect the extent of liver fibrosis and severity of cirrhosis. Thus, serum HA can be a diagnostic marker of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2003 Jun
PMID:Serum hyaluronan: a marker of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. 1462 29

Since there has been no report on histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its significance in the Thai population, the present study was conducted to elucidate the situation through appraisal of histologic and laboratory records. A total of 180 archived microscopic slides of HCC in Sonklanagarind Hospital from 1991 to 1998 were of good enough quality with sufficient tissue to be reviewed. The reclassified histologic subtypes were correlated with microscopic features and laboratory data. Of the 180 cases, 147 were males and hepatitis B was the main etiologic factor. The histologic subtypes of HCC were trabecular 63.3%, compact 15.6%, scirrhous 7.8%, pseudoglandular 5%, and fibrolamellar 0.6%. There was no correlation between histologic subtypes and morphological findings, as well as HBV, HCV, and cirrhotic status. A correlation between AFP levels and the AST/ALT ratio was evident.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma in the southern Thai population. 1472 87

The incidence of liver cancer varies widely throughout the world, with high rates in sub - Saharan Africa, eastern and southeastern Asia, and Melanesia and a low incidence in Northern and Western Europe and the Americas. Primary cancers of the liver in adults are of two main histological types: hepatocellular carcinoma, which is derived from hepatocytes, and cholangiocarcinoma, which is derived from the epithelial lining of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatocellular cancer is a frequently occurring tumor in individuals in many developing countries, where several important risk factors have been demonstrated, including chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and other environmental factors, such as exposure to aflatoxin, consumption of alcohol, and cigarette smoking. By contrast, cholangiocarcinoma is less common, accounting for only 7.7% of malignant tumors of the liver in the United States. However, in parts of Southeast Asia, cholangiocarcinoma occurs more frequently; it is responsible for more than 60% of liver tumors in northeastern Thailand. The geographic distribution worldwide coincides with endemic areas of the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. The interaction between genes and the environment and the interplay of environmental factors, which include diet and other lifestyle parameters, illustrate the complexity underlying susceptibility.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Epidemiology of liver cancer: an overview. 1524 12

Biobanks containing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, as well as frozen serum or plasma, are important resources for molecular epidemiologic studies. However, few studies have compared the reliability of formalin-fixed tissue samples and archival plasma samples for genotyping. We determined the genotype of four proposed genetic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma [hereditary hemochromatosis (HFE 63 and 282), alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT 342) and cystic fibrosis (CFTR 508)] on formalin-fixed tissue samples, stored for up to 25 years, from 318 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and on plasma or serum samples from 31 of these patients. The genotypes were analyzed by RFLP or allele-specific amplification as well as by TaqMan assays. In addition, genotyping was attempted after whole genome amplification by multiple displacement amplification (MDA). Genotyping was successful in 94% of the tissue samples and successful and identical to the tissue samples from the same subjects in 98% of the plasma/serum samples. DNA from plasma samples could be amplified >5,000-fold by MDA and genotyping after MDA gave identical results to the genotyping of the same subjects before whole genome amplification. MDA amplification of the tissue samples was not successful. In summary, archival plasma was found to be an adequate source of efficiently amplifiable DNA. MDA on plasma samples allows analysis of multiple genotypes in epidemiologic studies.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of archival plasma and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue for genotyping in hepatocellular carcinoma. 1566 2

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Asia and Africa. The epidemiology of liver cancer is distinctive in Japan, where chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) rather than hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays the major role in the etiology. In this paper, together with a brief review of the descriptive epidemiology of liver cancer and its prevention, Japanese experiences of liver cancer occurrence and some epidemiological studies are described, and Japanese national projects directed against hepatitis and liver cancer are presented. Distinctive time-trends have been observed for liver cancer incidence in Japan. The rates for over 55-59 year olds (both sexes) showed a peak in the birth cohort of 1931-1935, while the rates for less than 50-54 year old females indicate a decreasing trend. The extremely high incidences among birth cohorts around 1931-1935 seems to be related to endemic HCV infection in this generation in Japan. Follow-up studies not only of patients with chronic hepatitis C but also of apparently healthy carriers of HCV showed an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cumulative risk of HCC (40-74 years of age) was estimated as reaching 21.6% (males) and 8.7% (females) among anti-HCV positive voluntary blood donors. Retrospective cohort studies indicated interferon (IFN), with or without ribavirin, to be effective for reducing the risk of HCC among patients with chronic hepatitis C. Periodic examination with ultrasonography and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein has become common practice for early detection of HCCs among patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis in Japan. A non-randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effect of periodic examination on mortality, but we failed to show any beneficial effects of screening for liver cancer. In the fiscal year 2002, Japanese National Projects directed against hepatitis and HCC were started, in which blood tests for HCV and HBsAg are offered just once at the age of 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70 for five years. Participants are categorized as either HCV carriers or non-carriers. HCV carriers are further examined by liver disease specialists, seeking indications for IFN therapy. Type C chronic hepatitis patients are recommended to receive IFN therapy with or without ribavirin. This project is expected to become a model of liver cancer control in HCV-endemic countries. Recently however, the US Preventive Service Task Force has recommended against routine screening for HCV infection in asymptomatic adults in the general population who are not at increased risk of infection. This divergence of views is also discussed.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Liver cancer and its prevention. 1623 81


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