Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are two well-characterized antigen-antibody systems which relate specificially to viral hepatitis B. Tests for HBsAg and anti-HBs are readily available and of great benefit to the diagnosis, prevention and understanding of hepatitis B. Tests for HBcAg and anti-HBc are still research techniques which requires further development before they can be used at the level of everyday medical practice. HBsAg in an individual indicates that he harbors the virus of hepatitis B; it may be present in the absence of liver disease or be found in association with both acute and chronic type B hepatitis. The presence of HBsAg also suggests that HBV may be causally related to some cases of periarteritis nodosa, chronic glomerulonephritis, and hepatoma. Although HBV is readily transmitted in blood, the major portion of post-transfusion hepatitis now appears to be serologically unrelated to either the hepatitis B virus ("serum") or the hepatitis A virus ("infectious"); the etiology of these cases is currently undetermined. There is increasing evidence that HBV may be transmitted by modes other than blood, but the exact mechanisms of such transmission is not established. The combined transmission of HBV by blood and other routes has resulted in a large number of persistent carriers of HBsAg in the world. There is no current method to alter this carrier state. The hepatitis risk of such persistent carriers to their personal and professional contacts is under investigation.
Med Clin North Am 1975 Jul
PMID:The clinical significance of hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies. 4 64

Human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was isolated from cord serum on an immunoadsorbent column obtained by covalently linking rabbit anti AFP to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose. Bound AFP was eluted with 8 M urea with better than 50% recovery. The purified AFP was iodinated prior to its use in a double antibody radioimmunoassay. The purification and radioimmunoassay employ commercially available materials. A standard inhibition curve was obtained which allowed determination of AFP levels between 50 and 100 ng/ml in human serum. The assay was verified by measureing AFP levels in normal female serum, pregnancy serum, cord serum, hepatoma ascitic fluid and a standardized AFP solution.
Clin Chim Acta 1975 Nov 03
PMID:A rapid method for the purification and radioimmunoassay of human alpha-fetoprotein. 5 20

The author discusses the result that may be expected in clinical medicine from an electro-immunodiffusion method for the detection of alpha-foetoprotein. The samples studied were obtained from pregnant women, patients with liver cell carcinoma or severe digestive diseases, whether malignant or not, and a few amniotic fluids and sera obtained from the umbilical cord. This simple, rapid method is characterized by a sensitivity threshold of about 300 ng/ml and permits one to detect about 75% of cases of liver cell carcinoma.
Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1975
PMID:[Bioclinical study of the electro-immunodiffusion technic for the assay of serum alpha fetoprotein]. 5 21

Serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The human TBG used in this study was purified by affinity, anion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The serum TBG concentration in 98 euthyroid normals was 1.48 +/- 0.46 mg/100 ml (mean +/- SD), which is one-half that previously reported using a similar method. The level in females (1.66 +/- 0.56) was significantly higher than that in males (1.37 +/- 0.37). Comparison of the serum TBG level and the maximum binding capacity of serum TBG for thyroxine (T4) yielded a molar ratio of 1:1 for T4 and TBG. The mean serum TBG in 19 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was 2.10 +/- 1.29 mg/100 ml; however, only 2 of these patients had serum TBG levels outside the normal range.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976 May
PMID:Radioimmunoassay for serum thyroxine-binding globulin: results in normal subjects and in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 5 64

The recent literature on various aspects of hepatitis-B is reviewed with emphasis on the interrelationships of viral structure, antigenic components, and host immune response in acute, chronic, and asymptomatic carrier states of the infection. The mode of replication and mechanisms of transmission are discussed. Special attention is paid to potential non-parenteral routes of spread. The role of hepatitis-B in associated immune complex diseases and in hepatoma is outlined. A guide to the interpretation of serologic tests for hepatitis-B associated antigen and antibody patterns is presented in relation to the clinical stage and prognosis of the infection. Therapy, except in conceptual terms, is not covered but a summary of the current status of active and passive immunization is given. The unresolved question of the infectivity of carrier medical staff for their patient contacts, and the reverse, is discussed.
CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1976 May
PMID:Hepatitis-B: a review. 6 Feb

The close relationship between serum levels of cholesterol and bile acid has been confirmed in 46 patients with primary hepatoma. Serum levels of cholesterol and bile acid are roughly correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration. Because the relationship between serum cholesterol and bile acid did not exist in common hepatocellular diseases, the results suggest a peculiar sterol metabolism occurring in human hepatoma.
Clin Chim Acta 1976 Aug 16
PMID:Serum cholesterol and bile acid in primary hepatoma. 6 Oct 74

1. Liposomes containing 111In-labelled bleomycin were injected intravenously into two patients. One patient had a hepatoma and the other had secondary adenocarcinomatous deposits in the liver. 2. The tissue distribution of 111In was determined by whole-body scanning and by measurement of the radioactivity in organs at autopsy. 3. Scans in vivo and post-mortem measurement of radioactivity indicated that liposomes accumulate predominantly in the liver, but that there is no selective uptake of liposomes by the malignant tissue. 4. The subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the liver was measured 90 min after injection by fractionation of percutaneous liver biopsies on sucrose density gradients. 5. Radioactivity within the liver was concentrated in lysosomes. 6. Electron microscopy of tissue obtained before the administration of liposomes revealed particles morphologically indistinguishable from liposomes in hepatoma cells and hepatocytes.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Oct
PMID:Tissue and hepatic subcellular distribution of liposomes containing bleomycin after intravenous administration to patients with neoplasms. 6 Oct 88

Two hundred seventy-nine patients who died of hepatocellular carcinoma were autopsied at Los Angeles County--USC Medical Center and the John Wesley--USC Liver Unit from 1949 through 1974, and tissues from 168 of these cases were available for staining for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Twenty-one per cent of the livers had stainable HBSAg. There were prominent increases both in total numbers of hepatic cancers and in the percentages that were HBSAg-positive beginning about 1970, but the numbers of hepatocellular carcinomas arising in noncirrhotic livers also increased. From 1969 to 1974, 73% of those who had hepatocellular carcinomas arising to nonalcoholic but cirrhotic livers were HBSAg-positive. Racial differences in the incidences of cirrhosis, the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas associated with HBSAg were found. The incidences of cirrhosis were: Caucasian 11%; Mexican 12.2%; Negro 5.7:; Oriental 10%. Hepatocellular carcinomas arose in 3.2% of Caucasians who had cirrhosis; 3.6% of Mexicans; 8.3% of Negroes; 47% or Orientals. Ten per cent of Caucasians who had hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhotic livers were HBSAg-positive; 25% of Negroes; 12% of Mexicans; 47% of Orientals.
Am J Clin Pathol 1977 Jul
PMID:The changing incidence of association of hepatitis B with hepatocellular carcinoma in California. 6 78

A rational comparison of different serum concentrations of alpha1-fetoprotein (S-AFP) in the diagnosis of hepatoma must be made. We took data on the sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic S-AFP concentrations from the literature and evaluated them statistically and by Bayesian analysis. In our patients (hepatoma prevalence 0.028) a sensitive diagnostic concentration (30-50 ng/ml) will misdiagnose hepatoma so often that a positive test will indicate hepatoma in only 10% of cases. A positive test at a specific diagnostic concentration (500 ng/ml) indicates hepatoma in 100% of cases and is preferable in terms of cost benefit. Although the lower concentration will diagnose a larger proportion of patients with hepatoma (74% compared with 59%) the 'costs' of excluding false positives are considerable (A$2545 per extra case with 2.5% of patients suffering significant morbidity). In western societies, where the prevalence of hepatoma is low, a higher, less sensitive but more specific diagnostic S-AFP concentration is appropriate.
J Clin Pathol 1977 Dec
PMID:Alpha1-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatoma: statistical and cost benefit aspects. 7 13

Since 1973, over 200 cases of liver masses associated with oral contraceptive usage have been reported. Nearly 100 have been liver cell adenomas and 11 have been hepatocellular carcinomas. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) appears only coincidentally associated, but with a particular hemorrhagic tendency. Bile duct proliferation distinguishes FNH from liver cell adenoma. Two typical cases are presented. Right upper quadrant pain with intra-abdominal hemorrhage is the single most common clinical presentation. Mestranol-containing preparations appear more hazardous. Liver enzymes are usually normal or slightly elevated. Most cases are resectable. Lesions have regressed following discontinuation of pill use; however, close observation is required. Although mammalian liver possesses estrogen receptors, these agents have induced few or no liver tumors in numerous animal studies. Mutagenicity tests indicate that estrogenic compounds do not damage DNA. However, diethylstilbestrol can promote the growth of rat hepatomas initiated by a carcinogen. Further experimental studies may better characterize estrogens as hepatoma promoters.
Ann Clin Lab Sci
PMID:Liver tumors and oral contraceptives: pathology and pathogenesis. 8 9


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