Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Taiwan, 27 were females and the median age of symptom onset was 54.5 years. Most had similar clinical manifestations to those reported in the Western countries, but ascites and oesophageal varices as commonly found at the late stages of cirrhosis of liver were noted in nine patients (30%) and 13 patients (43%) respectively. Only one patient was asymptomatic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was noted in 21 patients (70%) and hypoalbuminaemia in 8 patients (27%). All patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and 28 (93%) had antimitochondrial antibodies. Ten out of 21 patients (48%) were positive in antinuclear antibodies, of which most were of speckled type. Sixteen out of 18 patients (89%) had elevated serum IgM levels. Interestingly, only one of 26 patients (3.8%) was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, in contrast to its high prevalence (15%) in the Taiwan population. Special associated diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, malignant lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, were each noted in one patient respectively. Eight patients had a history of gallstones before the diagnosis of PBC. The mean follow-up period was 23.6 +/- 19.8 months, and nine patients died during that period. In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of PBC in Taiwan are similar to those in Western countries, but most of our cases were at later stages.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis in Taiwan. 212 28

The clinical manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly nonspecific since they usually mimic those of hepatic cirrhosis, which frequently underlies this neoplasm. The fact that some HCC patients present with severe diarrhea, an unusual symptom in liver cirrhosis, prompted us to determine the prevalence of diarrhea in a series of 23 consecutive HCC patients and compare it with that of a control group formed by cirrhotic patients without HCC, matched by age, sex, and etiology of the liver disease. All the patients were interviewed about the existence of diarrhea (defined as the presence of three or more loose stools per day appearing over three or more days) in the three months prior to admission. Both groups of patients were similar in regards to the degree of liver failure and presence of diarrhea-favoring factors. By contrast, diarrhea was significantly more frequent among HCC cases than among cirrhotics without HCC (47.8% vs 8.7%, P less than 0.005). HCC patients with diarrhea exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels and worse liver function, assessed by the Child-Pugh's classification, than patients without diarrhea. However, neither tumor size, vascular invasion, or the degree of tumor differentiation were significantly different between these two groups of HCC patients. These results show that diarrhea is a frequent manifestation of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, the development of HCC in these patients should be suspected upon the appearance of diarrhea.
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PMID:Diarrhea as a presenting symptom of hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 Aug 81

Serum unconjugated primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid), secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid), conjugated primary bile acids (glycocholic acid, glycohenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid) and total bile acids were measured in 25 and 75 male patients with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively. Twenty-one healthy male volunteers served as controls. Other biochemical parameters, i.e. bilirubin, transaminases, albumin, globulin and cholesterol were also studied. Conjugated bile acids and total bile acids were elevated in both patient groups when compared with those of controls. The presence of unconjugated primary bile acids and secondary bile acids was noted in the patient groups, whereas, they were not detectable in controls. The appearance of these serum bile acids may be useful as a marker for early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in people at-risk such as those who have chronic infection with Opisthorchis viverrini. Differentiation between the two types of tumor may be possible by using other parameters such as alpha-fetoprotein or other tumor markers newly discovered. An increase of the trihydroxy bile acids: dihydroxy bile acids and glycine conjugated bile acids: taurine conjugated bile acids ratios was shown in the patient groups. The latter may be due to the proportion of the increase of taurine conjugates being greater than the increase of glycine conjugates. The other biochemical parameters were significantly elevated in the patient groups except for albumin which was significantly decreased. The sensitivity of the tests for cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase was high.
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PMID:Serum unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 96

The human hepatoma cell line (Li-7A) possesses a high concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and exhibits ectoATPase activity in the presence of either MgATP or CaATP (Knowles: J. Cell. Physiol., 134:109-116, 1988). Growth for 96 hours in the presence of both EGF and cholera toxin or another cyclic AMP elevating agent induced an ectoATPase activity which was more active with CaATP and resistant to inhibition by the sulfydryl reagent, p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (pCMPS) (Knowles: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 263: 264-271, 1988). In contrast, treatment of cells with butyrate, a short chain organic acid which can be derived from the analogue, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, resulted in a 4-7-fold increase of an ectoATPase which was more active with MgATP and highly sensitive to pCMPS inhibition. Maximal induction by butyrate required 48 hours and was dependent on butyrate concentration, but was independent of EGF and cyclic AMP elevating agents. Of six organic acids tested, butyrate was most effective in the induction of the ectoMg2(+)-ATPase. The increase in the ectoMg2(+)-ATPase activity could be prevented with actinomycin D and cycloheximide, indicating that both transcription and translation were necessary for induction. In addition to the induction of the ectoMg2(+)-ATPase, butyrate induced alkaline phosphatase activity, but had no effect on a third ectoenzyme 5'-nucleotidase. These data further support our proposal that two distinct ectoATPases exist in the plasma membrane of Li-7A hepatoma cells.
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PMID:Butyrate induces an ectoMg2(+)-ATPase activity in Li-7A human hepatoma cells. 216 33

The aim of our work was to assess the performance of tissue polypeptide antigen in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients, while also checking for any influence of liver dysfunction on the serum level of the marker. One hundred and twenty-five consecutive cirrhotic patients, 35 with and 90 without, hepatocellular carcinoma were studied. Tissue polypeptide antigen had a different distribution in the two groups and the best diagnostic accuracy with 48.6% sensitivity and 85.6% specificity was found at the cut-off value of 240 UL-1. In cirrhotic patients significant linear correlations were found between tissue polypeptide antigen and alanine-transaminase, aspartate-transaminase, G-glutamyl-transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase; there was no correlation with bilirubin or pseudo-cholinesterase. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma a significant linear correlation was found only with alanine and aspartate transaminase and G-glutamyl-transpeptidase. The analysis of covariance still showed a significant difference between mean tissue polypeptide antigen levels in the two groups also accounting for covariates. These results suggest that: a) the liver dysfunction may be involved in increasing tissue polypeptide antigen values; b) tissue polypeptide antigen has a different distribution in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma also accounting for covariates; these findings further support the specificity of tissue polypeptide antigen.
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PMID:The serum tissue polypeptide antigen in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. 217 22

A multi-institutional prospective study for the analysis of prognostic factors for patients with osseous metastasis was performed. From February 1986 through June 1988, a total of 216 patients were included in this study. Cox's regression model made it clear that the most significant overall prognostic factor was primary site (p = 0.0002). In the lung cancer group, performance status (p = 0.0036) and metastasis of organs than bone (p = 0.0105) were also significant prognostic factors. In the breast cancer group, no significant factors were obtained. In the hepatoma group, the values for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p = 0.0021), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.0195), and sex (p = 0.0264) proved significant. In the group of other cases, the most significant prognostic factor was the value for urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (p = 0.0001), followed by the pain score of RTOG (p = 0.0018). These factors and actual survival periods obtained in this study will be useful for the future stratification of patients for individualized optimal radiation schedules.
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PMID:Prognostic factors for patients with osseous metastasis: a multi-institutional prospective study. 219 3

One of two main FL-amnion cell alkaline phosphatase (AP), the fast migrating one (FL-APF) has been reported to be identical to Kasahara isoenzyme (K.I.), which occurs preferentially in sera of patients with primary hepatoma. We purified FL-APF of which the apparent molecular weight was 135,000 by gel filtration, and that of the subunit was 62,000 on SDS/PAGE, indicating homodimeric structure of FL-AL-APF. FL-APF was found to react with monoclonal antibody against adult intestinal AP, but not with monoclonal antibody to placental AP. We isolated FL-APF cDNA clone from FL-amnion cells, of which cDNA was 2525 base pairs in length. Nucleotide sequence of the coding region and the 3' untranslated region was identical to the sequence of human adult intestinal AP cDNA. But the untranslated region of the 5' end of the isolated clone was slightly longer than that of intestinal AP. Hence, FL-APF (K.I.) may occur by altered glycosylation of intestinal AP.
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PMID:Purification and some properties of the fast migrating alkaline phosphatase in FL-amnion cells (the Kasahara isoenzyme) and its cDNA cloning. 231 Dec 50

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against membrane-associated calcium-binding proteins (apparent molecular masses 65000 and 67000 (CBP 65/67) and 33000 and 35000 (CBP 33 and CBP 35)), which were isolated from rat liver and Morris hepatoma. Using immunoblotting, various amounts of CBP 33 and CBP 35 as well as CBP 65/67 were detected in most rat organs. Using alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal-anti-alkaline phosphatase antibodies (APAAP), all the calcium-binding proteins were detected by immunohistochemical techniques in the plasma membranes of many cells, such as vascular endothelial cells, lymphocytes, epididymal principal cells, secretory and excretory duct cells of certain exocrine glands, straight distal tubular cells of the kidney, and in the cytoplasm of muscle cells and fibres as well as nerve cells and chondrocytes, and in connective tissue elements. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that in polarized epithelial cells, e.g., renal tubular cells, epididymal principal cells or excretory duct cells, these calcium-binding proteins are present exclusively or mostly in the luminal plasma membrane.
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PMID:Calcium-binding proteins 33 kDa, 35 kDa, and 65/67 kDa in normal rat and Morris hepatoma tissues. A biochemical and immunohistochemical study. 232 53

The presence of specific gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase isoenzyme (gamma-GTPI) and variant alkaline phosphatase (VAALP) were concurrently determined, and levels of basic fetoprotein (BFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in addition to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured in 144 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of these tumor markers with respect to AFP-low or -negative patients and the tumor stage. Serum AFP levels below 400 ng/ml, commonly seen in sera of hepatobiliary diseases other than HCC, were noted in 42% of the patients. The diagnostic usefulness was increased by combination assay of these markers except for CEA. A definitive diagnosis of HCC could be made in 78% of the patients by a combination of gamma-GTPI, VAALP and AFP. Moreover, a diagnosis of malignancy could be made in 87% of cases by the inclusion of BFP. The prevalence of BFP and CEA increased in proportion to the tumor stage, whereas that of AFP and gamma-GTPI were independent of stage and were high even in patients in comparatively early stages. Furthermore, secreting type markers such as AFP and gamma-GTPI were relatively useful for diagnosis of HCC when the lesions were still small.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein -low or -negative patients. 241 27

Alkaline phosphatase activity in rat hepatoma cells (R-Y121B) cultured in a monolayer at 0.5% serum was enhanced by serum, bovine serum albumin, casein and gamma-globulin, but ovalbumin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dexamethasone, insulin and dibutyrylcyclic AMP showed little effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, chloroquine, dinitrophenol and potassium cyanide also increased the enzyme activity, although the incorporation of [14C]leucine into cellular proteins was almost completely inhibited in the presence of these cytotoxic substances. When R-Y121B cell homogenates were incubated at 37 degrees C, alkaline phosphatase activity increased in a pH-dependent manner: the maximal increase was observed at pH 7.1. The magnitudes of the increase differed among cell homogenates and a 4- to 10-fold increase was observed. Alkaline phosphatase in R-Y121B cells was apparently heat-stable, but that in the cells obtained from various treatments was heat labile and the latter activity decreased to less than 50% of the initial activity after 15 min of incubation at 56 degrees C. Alkaline phosphatase in the control and also in the treated cells was more sensitive to L-homoarginine than L-phenylalanine. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that the increases in the enzyme activity were accompanied by changes not only in V but also in Km for alkaline phosphatase reaction. Finally, it has been suggested that the increases in alkaline phosphatase activity under various conditions are due to the conversion of the molecule with a low enzyme activity to the molecule with a high enzyme activity in R-Y121B cells.
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PMID:Regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in rat hepatoma cells. Effects of serum proteins, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, chloroquine, dinitrophenol and potassium cyanide. 241 85


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