Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pathological diagnosis of hepatic tumors is sometimes difficult when performed with only routine examinations such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) stain. The diagnostic usefulness of KM01 was compared to that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9 and ras p21 in this immunohistochemical study. AFP was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma, and AFP-positive cells were frequently found at the periphery of acini in both diseases. Absorbed CEA stain was mostly negative in hepatocellular carcinoma, but was positive in the cells of mixed hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (MHCC) and metastatic liver cancer, especially in their cytoplasm. CA19-9 immunostaining was completely negative, and was only 3% positive in hepatocellular carcinoma. KM01 stain was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and MHCC. It was positive in proliferated bile ducts around the capsule in the former two diseases but positive in the tumor cell of both parts of the cytoplasm in the latter. The histological positivity of ras p21 was high in all tumor cells of these three types of tumors. Negative absorbed CEA and KM01 in pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma differentiated from MHCC and metastatic liver cancer. However these tumor markers were occasionally positive and nonspecific in cancer-like lesions, implying no advantage for differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and apparent cancer-like lesions. The above results demonstrate that AFP, CEA and KM01 are effective for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma among various hepatic tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on hepatic tumors--KM01 stains compared with AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and RAS P21. 171 40

Hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) stained liver sections of 47 autopsy cases of hepatic malignancies were examined. There were 43 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (subtypes of 30 trabecular, 7 solid, 5 pseudoglandular, and one scirrhous carcinoma), 3 of cholangiocellular carcinoma and one of mixed carcinoma. After immunohistochemical staining, benign hepatocytes reacted positively with anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Hepatocellular carcinoma cells reacted more weakly than benign hepatocytes. It was noted that the microtubular structure, which could not be demonstrated even by alcian blue or cationic ferric hydroxide colloid stabilized with cacodylate (Fe-CaC), was clearly detected with anti-EMA. The EMA-positive microtubular structures may indicate terminal cholangiolar differentiation. Based on EMA, seven more cases formerly classified as hepatocellular carcinoma by H-E were reclassified as mixed carcinoma, totaling eight (17.0%). The histologic classification of "mixed carcinoma" has been 1.5 to 2.0% of primary liver cancers in Japan, but we suggest there may be more cases of "mixed carcinoma" identified in the future. In conclusion, we emphasize that EMA staining is useful for more accurate classification of hepatic tumors.
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PMID:Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses of primary carcinoma of the liver. 172 62

Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections representing ten cases of hepatocellular carcinoma showed many tumor cells with ground-glass cytoplasm identical to that found in hepatocytes containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, the aldehyde fuchsin stain was negative, as were the were the immunoperoxisidase stains for HBsAg and core antigen (HBcAg). Electron microscopically, the ground-glass appearance corresponded to the presence of non-membrane-bound amorphous or fibrillar inclusions. Immunohistochemically, the ground-glass material reacted with antiserum to human fibrinogen, suggesting synthesis of this protein by the carcinoma cells. Although the ground-glass appearance in hepatocellular carcinomas may sometimes be associated with HBsAg, special stains or technics are necessary to confirm its presence.
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PMID:Ground-glass cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. 625 12

The experimental conditions for the induction of rat hepatocellular carcinoma by oral administration of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) were established. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the liver sections revealed that precancerous lesions, characterized by small proliferation nest, hyperplastic nodule, oval cell and adenofibrosis, were observed 2 months after DAB administration. The highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, trabecular carcinoma and mixed form of hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma was observed after 3-5 months and remained for an additional 2 months, even if the rats were continuously fed with DAB-free fodder. Immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody against proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) revealed that the relative number of PCNA-positive cells increased with the progress of the carcinoma. The present study confirms the previously reported usefulness of the PCNA immunostaining method for prognosis and assessment of the malignancy of carcinoma.
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PMID:Rat hepatocellular carcinogenesis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. 780 6

A novel concept of spectrally resolved morphometry for histological specimens was developed using light microscopy combined with spectrally resolved imaging. The spectroscopic characteristics of rat hepatocytes stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin, Romanowsky-Giemsa, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome were assessed. Light intensity in the range 450-850 nm was recorded from 10000 pixels of nuclear domains of each stained cell and represented as light transmittance spectra and optical density. In order to identify spectral shifts caused by stain-macromolecule interactions, we compared the spectra of individual stain components with those of DNA and bovine serum albumin. Chromatin and interchromatin areas were classified spectrally using a chosen spectral library followed by morphometric calculations of nuclear domains for each staining method. The spectral fingerprints of Masson's trichrome stain distinguished the nucleolus from the rest of the nuclear chromatin, enabling the demarcation and calculation of the nucleolar area. Spectrally resolved imaging of human hepatocytes stained by Masson's trichrome stain revealed marked differences between the nucleolar area in normal human hepatocytes compared with hepatocellular carcinoma. Masson's trichrome stain also distinguished the nucleolar area in human breast carcinoma cells and keratinocytes.
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PMID:Spectrally resolved morphometry of the nucleus in hepatocytes stained by four histological methods. 979 71

Few reports exist comparing virological studies on hepatitis viruses with histopathological studies of autopsy cases other than those of liver clinics. Relations between hepatitis virus-related markers and hepatic histopathology were studied in 1044 autopsy cases (779 men and 265 women) at the Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo. Heart blood was obtained at the autopsy, and the sera were submitted for virus-marker detection of HBV, HCV, and HGV/GBV-C. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections were used for histological assessment. Histopathologically, 463 cases were determined as so-called normal liver; among them 440 cases (95.0%) were negative for all hepatitis virus-related markers, but HBV-DNA was positive in 13 cases, three cases were positive for HCV-RNA (indicating a healthy carrier rate of HCV-RNA of 4.1%), and seven cases were positive for HGV/GBV-C RNA. The incidence of these three virus-related markers was low in cases with fatty liver and micronodular cirrhosis, but in cases with chronic hepatitis, macronodular cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the incidence of HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA increased with advancing disease. A positive rate of anti-HBs or anti-HBc (HBV-Ab) or both was found between 30 and 50% in all histopathological groups, and no noticeable relations between the positive rate and microscopical changes were detected. The presence of HGV/GBV-C RNA seemed to be unrelated to hepatic inflammation or generalized inflammatory changes or both occurring together. The decadal age incidence of the virus-related markers and their incidence in various hepatic diseases are also reported.
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PMID:Hepatic histopathologic range compared with virological studies of hepatitis viruses among autopsy cases in Tokyo. 1140 92

To determine whether radiographic images after radiofrequency (RF)-induced coagulation necrosis are correlated with the pathologic effects, we evaluated the morphology and histologic characteristics of RF ablation lesions over a 6-month follow-up period and compared the results with those of radiologic studies. Thirty-three hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors with a maximum diameter of 3 cm or less were treated percutaneously by using RF ablation in 26 patients. Six treated tumors were resected 4 weeks after ablation; the remaining 27 treated tumors underwent a biopsy procedure by using an 18-gauge fine needle 3 days, 4 weeks, and 24 weeks after ablation. The excised or biopsied lesions were examined by using histologic methods; the findings were then compared with those of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Three days after ablation, a core of hypoattenuation surrounded by an enhanced/hemorrhagic rim was observed on the contrast-enhanced CT images. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained specimens were inconclusive as to whether or not cellular viability remained; however, cell viability as determined by the presence of histochemical (lactate-dehydrogenase, maleate-dehydrogenase, and the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-diaphorase) stains was absent, suggesting 100% cellular destruction in the ablated lesion. Four and 24 weeks after ablation, the sizes of the ablated lesions were progressively smaller on the CT images; the histochemical stains remained superior to the hematoxylin-eosin stains for obtaining a definite diagnosis of cell death. We conclude that irreversible cellular destruction, as determined by the absence of positive histochemical staining patterns, was useful for evaluating the pathologic thermal effect of RF ablation. These pathologic findings can be correlated with those of contrast-enhanced CT.
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PMID:Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with radiofrequency ablation: radiologic-histologic correlation during follow-up periods. 1202 32

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective procedure for localized hepatocellular carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced CT depicts the ablated area as a hypoattenuated area without hepatic blood flow; however, light microscopy does not show obvious necrosis in the ablated area. We evaluated liver tissue changes after RFA by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The normal livers of three anesthetized pigs were coagulated using RFA after laparotomy. The liver was examined immediately, and 1 week after operation by light and electron microscopy. After RFA, the liver parenchyma surrounding the needle electrode was brown in color and surrounded by a red marginal zone separate from the normal liver parenchyma. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the central area did not show cell necrosis, and the structures of liver sinusoids, liver cell cord and the nuclei of hepatocytes were preserved. However, electron microscopic examination of tissue immediately after RFA showed destruction of mitochondria of hepatocytes and fixation of sinusoidal cells. One week later, there was a large quantity of debris in the enlarged sinusoids, in addition to irreversible destruction of hepatocyte organelles. RFA of the porcine liver causes hepatocyte damage. This damage was not evident by light microscopy but clearly identified by electron microscopy.
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PMID:Light and electron microscopic analyses of immediate and late tissue damage caused by radiofrequency ablation in porcine liver. 1252 78

Despite impressive results obtained in animal models, the clinical use of Fas ligand (FasL) as an anticancer drug is limited by severe toxicity. Systemic toxicity of death ligands may be prevented by using genes encoding membrane-bound death ligands and by targeted transgene expression through either targeted transduction or targeted transcription. Selective induction of tumor cell death is a promising anticancer strategy. A fusion protein is created by fusing the extracellular domain of Fas ligand (FasL) to the peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) that selectively targets avbeta3-integrins on tumor endothelial cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of RGD-FasL on tumor growth and survival in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor model. Treatment with RGD-FasL displaying an obvious suppressive effect on the HCC tumor model as compared to that with FasL (p < 0.05) and resulted in a more additive effect on tumor growth delay in this model. RGD-FasL treatment significantly enhanced mouse survival and caused no toxic effect, such as weight loss, organ failure, or other treatment-related toxicities. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL assays; those results also showed that RGD-FasL is a more potent inducer of cell apoptosis for H22 and H9101 cell lines than FasL (p <0.05). In conclusion, RGD-FasL appears to be a low-toxicity selective inducer of tumor cell death, which merits further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, this approach offers a versatile technology for complexing target ligands with therapeutic recombinant proteins. To distinguish the anti-tumor effects of FasL in vivo, tumor and liver tissues were harvested to examine for evidence of necrotic cells, tumor cells, or apoptotic cells by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.
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PMID:RGD-FasL induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 2345 18

The effect of a 19-amino-acid C-terminal peptide of tumstatin (aa 185-203, peptide 19) on human hepatoma cell (HepG2) proliferation was studied, as well as the mechanism by which it induces tumor cell apoptosis. Recombinant peptide 19 was purified by chitin affinity chromatography and identified by Tricine-SDS-PAGE. The DTT was removed with sephadex G-10. MTT colorimetry was used to evaluate the proliferation of tumor cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining) and AO/EB double staining were used to view morphological changes during apoptosis. Mitochondrial potential was measured via flow cytometer. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the transfer of cytochrome C from mitochondria to the cytoplasm and to monitor the expression levels of caspase-8, caspase-9, Fas, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bid in human hepatoma cells. Recombinant peptide 19 effectively suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induced apoptosis. Each of the two effects had a dose-dependent relationship with recombinant peptide 19. Peptide 19 upregulated the expression of caspase-9, Fas, p53, Bax and Bid, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and had little effect on the expression of caspase 8. Peptide 19 decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. In conclusion, peptide 19 induced HepG2 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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PMID:Mitochondria-mediated tumstatin peptide-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. 1978 99


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