Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve patients with unresectable primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma) and postoperative recurrence of primary liver cancer received continuous arterial or systemic infusion of low-dose CDDP/5-FU. This infusion chemotherapy was continued for five days, discontinued for two days, and repeated four weeks as one course basally. The partial response rate in patients with HCC or CCC treated with intra-arterial infusion was 20% and 33%, respectively. The rate in patients with HCC or CCC treated with systemic infusion was 0% and 33%, respectively. The response rate included decrease of tumor markers in all patients with HCC or CCC was 33% and 67%, respectively. These results suggest that low-dose CDDP/5-FU therapy may be effective in patients with CCC. Severe side effects such as gastro-duodenal ulcer (4 cases) and pseudomembranous colitis (1 case) were observed. The careful management of side effects should be required during this therapy.
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PMID:[The study of continuous infusion chemotherapy with low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for patients with primary liver cancer]. 938 16

Twelve patients with liver neoplasms [10 HCC, 1 CCC, 1 multiple breast cancer metastases (BCM)] were treated by transarterial I-131-Lipiodol. Computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission CT (SPECT) showed pronounced I-131-Lipiodol accumulation in the tumor tissue in all cases. In three patients with HCC a reduction of tumor size was achieved after the first treatment. The remaining patients had big tumor masses; 5 of these (4 HCC, 1 CCC) had stable disease after the first treatment, and 2 HCC were progressive. One patient died immediately after therapy due to other reasons. The BCM proved significant reduction in number and size. Eighteen-FDG-PET (positron emission tomography with fluor-18-deoxy-glucose) and CT controls showed in part different results with pretherapeutic PET proving high interindividual variability in tumor activity. Side effects were tolerable. In summary, the therapy procedure with transarterial I-131-Lipiodol is safe and effective in tumors with moderate tumor mass.
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PMID:I-131-Lipiodol therapy in liver neoplasms. 1021 93

Tumor tissue (n = 338) and liver parenchyma (n = 276) from patients of Asian (n = 31) and European descent (n = 307) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 299), cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC, n = 16) and combined HCC/CCC (n = 23) were screened with immunohistochemical methods for HBV antigens (HBs, preS1, preS2, HBc, HBe and HBx). Of the HCC cases nine were of the fibrolamellar type (FLC). All cases of HCC/CCC and CCC were from Western European patients. HBV antigens could be demonstrated more frequently in HCC cases of Asian descent (59.09% in liver parenchyma and 66.67% in tumor tissue) compared to Western European HCC cases (23.11% and 30.77%; chi-square test, p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001, respectively), HCC/CCC (26.32% and 30.43%), CCC (7.14% and 20%) and FLC (0% and 25%). Results for HBx were not considered here due to questionnable HBV specificity of the antibodies employed. Immunohistochemical detection mainly HBs, whereas HBc, HBe and preS antigens played only a minor part. Comparing the results obtained with a rabbit and a goat polyclonal HBs antibody and a cocktail of seven monoclonal HBs antibodies showed statistically significant superior sensitivity for the goat antibody. Reactivity of tumor tissue for HBc and/or HBe as observed in twelve cases is suggestive of virus replication within tumor tissue. These data plus the demonstration of HBV antigens within so-called proliferated bile ducts, which represent metaplastic hepatocytes, underscore the nature of CCC as malignant counterpart of proliferated bile ducts. Consequently, it is proposed to divide the entity liver cell carcinoma (LCC) into the subcategories HCC and CCC in contrast to adenocarcinomas arising from bile ducts or peribiliary glands. In conclusion, HBV seems to play a part in the pathogenesis of LCC in Asian and in Western European patients. Further factors like HCV and other chronic inflammatory processes may be employed here.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of HBV antigens in 338 liver cell carcinomas. 1041 41

Fatty acids are ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha). Fatty acid levels are increased in liver during the metabolism of ethanol and might be expected to activate PPAR alpha. However, ethanol inhibited PPAR alpha activation of a reporter gene in H4IIEC3 hepatoma cells expressing alcohol-metabolizing enzymes but not in CV-1 cells, which lack these enzymes. Ethanol also reduced the ability of the PPAR alpha ligand WY14,643 to activate reporter constructs in the hepatoma cells or cultured rat hepatocytes. This effect of ethanol was abolished by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole and augmented by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide, indicating that acetaldehyde was responsible for the action of ethanol. PPAR alpha/retinoid X receptor extracted from hepatoma cells exposed to ethanol or acetaldehyde bound poorly to an oligonucleotide containing peroxisome proliferator response elements. This effect was also blocked by 4-methylpyrazole and augmented by cyanamide. Furthermore, in vitro translated PPAR alpha exposed to acetaldehyde failed to bind DNA. Thus, ethanol metabolism blocks transcriptional activation by PPAR alpha, in part due to impairment of its ability to bind DNA. This effect of ethanol may promote the development of alcoholic fatty liver and other hepatic consequences of alcohol abuse.
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PMID:The transcriptional and DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is inhibited by ethanol metabolism. A novel mechanism for the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver. 1102 51

The rotational spectra of the unstable HCCCP molecule have been investigated in the millimeter-wave region for the main excited vibrational states which lie below 1000 cm(-1), namely nu(4) (C&bond;C stretch), nu(5) (HCC bend), nu(6) (CCC bend), nu(7) (CCP bend), 2nu(6), 2nu(7), 3nu(7), 4nu(7), nu(5) + nu(7), and nu(6) + nu(7). l-type resonance effects have been taken into account in the analysis of the spectra, so that the values of the anharmonicity constants x(L(66)), x(L(77)), x(L(57)), and x(L(67)) could be determined. The anharmonic interactions which couple the nu(4) state with nu(6) + nu(7), 2nu(6), and 4nu(7) have been also considered, yielding the unperturbed value of the alpha(4) vibration-rotation coupling constant. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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PMID:Millimeter-Wave Spectroscopy of HCCCP in Excited Vibrational States. 1114 20

Alcoholic fatty liver is the earliest and most common response of the liver to alcohol and may be a precursor of more severe forms of liver injury. The mechanism by which ethanol causes fatty liver and liver injury is complex. We found that in both rat H4IIEC3 and McA-RH7777 hepatoma cell lines, ethanol induced transcription of a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-regulated promoter via increased levels of mature SREBP-1 protein. This effect of ethanol was blocked by addition of sterols. This effect is likely mediated by acetaldehyde, because the effect was only seen in cell lines expressing alcohol dehydrogenase, and inhibition of ethanol oxidation by 4-methylpyrazole blocked the effect in the hepatoma cells. Furthermore, the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide enhanced the effect of ethanol in the hepatoma cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, feeding mice a low fat diet with ethanol for 4 weeks resulted in a significant increase in steady-state levels of the mature (active) form of SREBP-1. Activation of SREBP-1 by ethanol feeding was associated with increased expression of hepatic lipogenic genes as well as the accumulation of triglyceride in the livers. These finding suggest that metabolism of ethanol increased hepatic lipogenesis by activating SREBP-1 and that this effect of ethanol may contribute to the development of alcoholic fatty liver.
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PMID:Ethanol induces fatty acid synthesis pathways by activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). 1203 55

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of iron-oxide-enhanced MRI vs CT during arterial portography (CTAP) and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in detection of liver neoplasms. Seventeen patients with malignant focal liver lesions (liver metastases, n=7), hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC, n=9), and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC, n=1) underwent presurgical Resovist-enhanced MRI and CTAP. Two independent observers (A and B) assessed the blinded images of unenhanced and iron-oxide-enhanced MRI vs CTAP for the presence, number, and location of the liver lesions. These results were compared lesion by lesion and segment by segment with the results of intraoperative ultrasound ( n=17) serving as the reference standard. Eighty lesions were detected by intraoperative ultrasound in 17 patients. In comparison with IOUS (lesion-by-lesion analysis) the sensitivity was 86.8% for CTAP, 65% for combined unenhanced MR imaging, and 86.8% for combined Resovist-enhanced MRI as well as 86.8% for the combination of unenhanced and Resovist-enhanced MRI. Compared with the sensitivity of combined unenhanced MRI the sensitivity of CTAP as well as the sensitivity of combined Resovist-enhanced MRI was significantly higher (p<0.05). False-positive results were much higher in CTAP as compared with combined unenhanced and SPIO-enhanced MRI. Using the segment-by-segment analysis the specificity of combined unenhanced MRI with 100% (96.7-100%) as well as combined Resovist-enhanced MRI with 100% (96.7-100%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in comparison with the specificity of CTAP with 91.1% (83.2-96.1%). The accuracy of combined unenhanced MRI was 100% (93.2-100%), combined Resovist-enhanced MRI 100% (93.6-100%) and of CTAP 85.2% (72.9-93.4%). In the detection of focal liver lesions iron-oxide-enhanced MR imaging is superior to unenhanced MRI and similar to CTAP.
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PMID:Preoperative evaluation of malignant liver tumors: comparison of unenhanced and SPIO (Resovist)-enhanced MR imaging with biphasic CTAP and intraoperative US. 1259 89

The high-affinity (K(M)<1 microM) mitochondrial class 2 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) metabolizes most of the acetaldehyde generated in the hepatic oxidation of ethanol. H4-II-E-C3 rat hepatoma cells have been found to express ALDH2. We report a method to assess ALDH2 activity in intact hepatoma cells that does not require mitochondrial isolation. To determine only the high-affinity ALDH2 activity it is necessary to keep constant low concentrations of acetaldehyde in the cells to minimize its metabolism by high-K(M) aldehyde dehydrogenases. To maintain both low and constant concentrations of acetaldehyde we used an "acetaldehyde clamp," which keeps acetaldehyde at a concentration of 4.2+/-0.4 microM. The clamp is attained by addition of excess yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, 14C-ethanol, and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to the hepatoma cell culture medium. The concentration of 14C-acetaldehyde attained follows the equilibrium constant of the alcohol dehydrogenase reaction. Thus, 14C-acetate is generated virtually by the low-K(M) aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. 14C-acetate is separated from the culture medium by an anionic resin and its radioactivity is determined. We showed that (1) acetate production is linear for 120 min, (2) addition of 160 microM cyanamide to the culture medium leads to a 75%-80% reduction of acetate generated, and (3) ALDH2 activity is dependent on cell-to-cell contact and increases after cells reach confluence. The clamp system allows the determination of ALDH2 activity in less than one million H4-II-E-C3 rat hepatoma cells. The specificity and sensitivity of the "acetaldehyde clamp" assay should be of value in evaluation of the effects of new agents that modify Aldh2 gene expression, as well as in the study of ALDH2 regulation in intact cells.
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PMID:Use of an "acetaldehyde clamp" in the determination of low-KM aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in H4-II-E-C3 rat hepatoma cells. 1461 7

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare pathologic lesion. Although IPTs within the liver shows spontaneous regression, these lesions are frequently misdiagnosed as malignant on the basis of the clinical manifestation and the results of diagnostic imaging. With special regard to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), differential diagnosis such as hepatocellular or cholangiocellular carcinoma (HCC/CCC) as well as regenerative liver lesions are discussed in a case of IPT with concomitant hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and congenital granulocytopenia.
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PMID:Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in a patient with congenital granulocytopenia and HCV infection. 1465 49

This study was performed to validate previous equations and to develop and evaluate new regression equations for predicting lamb carcass fabrication yields using outputs from a lamb vision system-hot carcass component (LVS-HCC) and the lamb vision system-chilled carcass LM imaging component (LVS-CCC). Lamb carcasses (n = 149) were selected after slaughter, imaged hot using the LVS-HCC, and chilled for 24 to 48 h at -3 to 1 degrees C. Chilled carcasses yield grades (YG) were assigned on-line by USDA graders and by expert USDA grading supervisors with unlimited time and access to the carcasses. Before fabrication, carcasses were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs and imaged using the LVS-CCC. Carcasses were fabricated into bone-in subprimal/primal cuts. Yields calculated included 1) saleable meat yield (SMY); 2) subprimal yield (SPY); and 3) fat yield (FY). On-line (whole-number) USDA YG accounted for 59, 58, and 64%; expert (whole-number) USDA YG explained 59, 59, and 65%; and expert (nearest-tenth) USDA YG accounted for 60, 60, and 67% of the observed variation in SMY, SPY, and FY, respectively. The best prediction equation developed in this trial using LVS-HCC output and hot carcass weight as independent variables explained 68, 62, and 74% of the variation in SMY, SPY, and FY, respectively. Addition of output from LVS-CCC improved predictive accuracy of the equations; the combined output equations explained 72 and 66% of the variability in SMY and SPY, respectively. Accuracy and repeatability of measurement of LM area made with the LVS-CCC also was assessed, and results suggested that use of LVS-CCC provided reasonably accurate (R2 = 0.59) and highly repeatable (repeatability = 0.98) measurements of LM area. Compared with USDA YG, use of the dual-component lamb vision system to predict cut yields of lamb carcasses improved accuracy and precision, suggesting that this system could have an application as an objective means for pricing carcasses in a value-based marketing system.
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PMID:Development and validation of equations utilizing lamb vision system output to predict lamb carcass fabrication yields. 1530 54


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