Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method for the detection and characterization of clusters of particles observed in section with the electron microscope is presented. Cluster analysis is performed by the division method described by Berthet et al. (1976). Starting from a single cluster, profiles from each electron micrograph are successively classified in sets containing an increasing number of clusters. The decrease in the mean free distance, lambda, between profiles in the clusters, is used for terminating the subdivision procedure. The function relating the mean free distance with the number of clusters is evaluated in each subdivision set. The actual number of clusters is selected on the basis of the slope of that function, at a point where lambda has a value close to the average profile diameter. The method assumes a convex shape for the clusters; the salient feature is that it provides a physical delineation of clusters in the section. Hence, an evaluation of some characteristics of clusters in the three-dimensional sample may be obtained by using standard stereological procedures. Characterization of the volume to which the individual particles of a population are eventually restricted can as a result be performed. Practical problems in the acquisition of the data needed for cluster analysis are discussed and a system using for that purpose a Quantimet 720 image analyser in a basic configuration, connected on line with a PDP 11/10 minicomputer, is presented. Application of the method is illustrated by the analysis of lysosomes in cultured hepatoma (HTC) cells, at the end of mitosis and during the S phase. Cluster analysis shows that in cells actively synthesizing DNA they are grouped in clusters representing 5.7% of the cellular volume. Moreover, the average number of particles per cluster falls from a minimum of thirteen at mitosis to only six at the S phase.
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PMID:Application of cluster analysis for characterization of spatial distribution of particles by stereological methods. 42 34

135 specimens of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded and stained for Pre-S1, Pre-S2 and HBxAg by ABC method, for HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. The detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 positive cases in cancerous tissues were 22.2% and 20.0%. The detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in non-cancerous liver tissues were 60.0% and 59.6%. The positive ratio of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in the same hepatoma was 16.3% and that in the same non-cancerous liver tissue was 55.6%. Among 135 cases of PHC, HBsAg, HBxAg and HBcAg positives in tumor tissues were 16.3%, 55.6% and 8.9%, respectively. Those in non-cancerous tissues were 59.6%, 78.8% and 24.2%. This study suggested that the detection rates of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 positivity in hepatoma tissues were higher than those of HBsAg and HBcAg but lower than that of HBxAg. The frequency of positive Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in non-cancerous liver tissues was similar to HBsAg, and slightly lower than that of HBxAg. S1 and S2 are considered new markers for HBV infection. Their antigens could play an important role in the pathogenesis of PHC.
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PMID:[Expression and significance of Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 in human primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC)]. 131 93

PAP technique and rabbit anti-X serum were used to detect the X protein in tumor and nontumor liver tissues from 34 patients with HCC. The positive rate of the X protein in both tissues were 94.1% and 84.4% respectively. Of the 34 patients with HCC, 27 were complicated by liver cirrhosis, in whom 92.6% were X protein positive in liver cells. It was found that almost all of the liver cells adjacent to the tumor tissue showed strong positive staining. The high frequency and predominant expression of X protein in HCC and liver cirrhosis tissues indicated that X protein may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. X protein was detected in 17.2% of the patients with CAH, which suggested the risk of transformation from CAH to cirrhosis and/or HCC. X protein was first found in bile duct epithelial cells in 59.4% of the patients with HCC, and 6 of 34 HCC were combined with bile duct carcinoma, and some cancer cells were found positive for X protein. It seems that X protein may also be a potential factor in the oncogenesis of bile duct carcinoma.
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PMID:[Expression of hepatitis B virus X protein in tumor and nontumor tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. 132 50

Specimens of 110 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma were obtained from the pathological Laboratory of the First Teaching Hospital of the 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an. P. R. China. Sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material were stained for HBxAg by ABC method and for HBsAg and HBcAg by PAP method. Among the 110 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma, 64 (58.2%) showed HBxAg-positive reaction in tumor tissue, and 63 (78.8%) of 80 cases of noncancerous surrounding hepatic tissue displayed HBxAg positivity. Among 64 HBxAg-positive cases in tumor tissue, 15 (23.4%) were associated with HBsAg and/or HBcAg and among 63 HBxAg-positive cases in non-tumor tissue, 45 (71.4%) were associated with HBsAg and/or HBcAg. These findings suggested a close relationship between primary hepatic carcinoma and HBV infection. The high detection rate of HBxAg indicates very active expression of the integrated HBV-DNA genome in the host cells. However, how does HBxAg act in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be further investigated.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study on X antigen of HBV (HBxAg) in primary hepatic carcinoma]. 133 87

A highly specific monoclonal antibody (anti-AFP) against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was linked to N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) to form conjugates which were purified with a protein A-sepharose CL-4B affinity column. The conjugate, PDP-Anti-AFP was then covalently coupled to the toxic abrin-A chain to synthesize immunotoxins. The immunotoxin, anti-AFP-abrin-A conjugate, which was also purified with a protein A-sepharose CL-4B affinity column, had a molecular weight of 180,000 and had 80% antigen-binding activity that of anti-AFP activity and 92% toxicity of abrin-A chain. The immunotoxin showed selective cytotoxicities toward the AFP secreting human hepatoma cell lines, such HepG2 and Hep3B, but not toward AFP non-secreting human hepatoma cell line, PLC/PRF/5.
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PMID:Selective cytotoxic effects of immunotoxin--monoclonal anti-AFP-abrin-A chain conjugate on several human hepatoma cell lines. 170 34

A case is reported of a foramen ovale becoming patent during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The patient had a hepatoma secondary to post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Monitoring included transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A veno-venous shunt between the right femoral, portal and left axillary veins was used so as to maintain the venous return during portal and caval clamping. The patient's haemodynamic state remained quite stable throughout this period, and no vasoactive drug was required. Five min after graft reperfusion, pulmonary arterial pressure increased suddenly (mean PAP: 27 mmHg). TEE revealed paradoxical movements of the atrial septum. Colour coded Doppler ultrasound showed blood flowing from the right to the left atrium through a patent foramen ovale. Fifteen min later, mean PAP decreased (18 mmHg) and TEE no longer showed any flow between the two atria. Several studies have reported transient pulmonary hypertension after unclamping when the donor liver is reperfused. This could induce right ventricular failure, with transient inversion of the atrial pressure gradient, which, in turn, could result in a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale. TEE can monitor regional and overall left ventricular function as well as the atrial septum. This technique might therefore to be useful for cardiac monitoring during OLT.
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PMID:[Opening of a foramen ovale during liver transplantation. The value of transesophageal echocardiography]. 224 Jun 93

Primary liver carcinoma (PLC) may express a certain number of markers. Here we communicate results of an analysis of five such markers (alpha-1-antitrypsin--AAT--, carcino-embryonic antigen --CEA--, alpha-fetoprotein --AFP--, and superficial --HBsAg-- and core --HBcAg-- antigens of hepatitis B virus) by means of PAP techniques in 130 cases of PLC, comparing the neoplastic tissue and the non-tumorous liver. Three variants of PLC are distinguished: hepatocarcinoma (HC) (108 cases); cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (19 cases); and three cases of hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC). AAT was positive in 29 HC, 2 HCC, and negative in all 19 CC. CEA appeared positive in 16 HC, 16 CC and only one HCC. AFP was positive in two HC, and negative in all CC and HCC. HBsAg displayed positivity in 15 HC and one HCC, being negative in all 19 CC. HBcAg was positive in 4 HC, and negative in all CC and HCC. HBsAg was also positive in two neoplastic emboli associated with HC. On the non-tumorous liver tissue the immunohistochemical results showed positivity for AAT and CEA, but not for AFP. Therefore the present results confirm that in the geographical area from which these tumors proceed, PLC is closely correlated with HBsAg positivity and with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of 130 cases of primary hepatic carcinomas. 244 80

Using a double immunoenzymatic technique (PAP) and AFPcDNA-RNA in situ hybridization technique, we detected and analyzed the AFP gene expression and antigenic protein localization in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its surrounding tissues. The results demonstrated that AFP was truly synthesized again by some host liver cells around the cancer nodules. We considered that the cells which showed AFPmRNA positive hybridized signs might be a kind of preneoplastic cells. Their appearance might be related to injury caused by HBV infection and the inactivities of the inhibited gene on the AFP control mechanism. The substances secreted by the involved cancer cells, might be another causative factor for the excessive expression of the AFP in the liver cells near the cancer.
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PMID:[AFP gene expression and antigenic protein localization in the cells of hepatocellular carcinoma and its surrounding tissues]. 248 82

Poly(A) polymerases (PAPs) from HeLa cell cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were extensively purified by using a combination of fast protein liquid chromatography and standard chromatographic methods. Several forms of the enzyme were identified, two from the nuclear fraction (NE PAPs I and II) and one from the cytoplasmic fraction (S100 PAP). NE PAP I had chromatographic properties similar to those of S100 PAP, and both enzymes displayed higher activities in the presence of Mn2+ than in the presence of Mg2+, whereas NE PAP II was chromatographically distinct and had approximately equal levels of activity in the presence of Mn2+ and Mg2+. Each of the enzymes, when mixed with other nuclear fractions containing cleavage or specificity factors, was able to reconstitute efficient cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs containing an AAUAAA sequence element. The PAPs alone, however, showed no preference for precursors containing an intact AAUAAA sequence over a mutated one, providing further evidence that the PAPs have no intrinsic ability to recognize poly(A) addition sites. Two additional properties of the three enzymes suggest that they are related: sedimentation in glycerol density gradients indicated that the native size of each enzyme is approximately 50 to 60 kilodaltons, and antibodies against a rat hepatoma PAP inhibited the ability of each enzyme to function in AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation.
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PMID:Multiple forms of poly(A) polymerases purified from HeLa cells function in specific mRNA 3'-end formation. 255 86

A case of AFP producing rectal cancer was represented in this paper. The patients, 68 years old man, was admitted because of anal bleeding and preoperative examinations revealed rectal cancer without liver metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum AFP measured preoperatively was 2750-3500 ng/ml and CEA was 23-33 ng/ml. The patient underwent amputation of the rectum and there were no abnormal masses in the liver at surgery. After operation serum AFP and CEA levels were normalized. Histology of the rectal tumor showed a tubular adenocarcinoma of moderately differentiated type. In the specimen, AFP producing tumor cells were detected by immunoenzymatic labelling (PAP) methods.
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PMID:[A case of alpha-fetoprotein producing rectal cancer]. 620 73


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