Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (arterial infusion) has been clinically established as a qualitative diagnosis imaging tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performed after of Albunex (sonicated serum albumin) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2) microbubble by hand, into the hepatic artery as a diagnostic modality for the early HCC. Here, we discussed the diagnosis of the early HCC by CEUS using Albunex as a contrast medium. Briefly, a diagnosis of the early HCC was made CEUS examination of the hemodynamics of the arteries showed a hypovascular pattern. And tumor size was under 20 mm in diameter, the histopathologic examination was essential to reach a final diagnosis, well-differentiated HCC.
 ...
PMID:[The diagnosis of the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma by US-angiography with intraarterial Albunex (sonicated serum albumin) infusion]. 957 16

Enhanced ultrasonography under the injection of microbubbles of carbon dioxide into the hepatic artery (CO2-US) contributed to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the selection of indication of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Judging from the accumulation of the lipiodol after TAE with the combination of lipiodol, TAE was thought to be effective in the tumor which was enhanced by CO2 microbubbles more strongly and the enhancement was prolonged more longer compared to the surrounding parenchyma, even the tumor had no tumor staining on the hepatic angiography. In none of the tumor which had no enhancement, TAE was effective. In most of the tumor with isoenhancement compared with surrounding parenchyma TAE was not effective.
 ...
PMID:[Transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma using CO2-US]. 957 22

Enhanced US by intraarterial infusion of CO2 microbubbles is useful for segmental to subsegmental TAE of hepatocellular carcinoma for several reasons. First, we can obtain better recognition of the tumor stain of hepatocellular carcinoma which is even faint on DSA. Secondly, we can recognize the co-relation between tumor stain and its related segment or subsegment well. Therefore, subsegmental or segmental TAE can be performed easily and precisely using enhanced US by CO2 microbubbles. We noted the bigger advantage of enhanced US by CO2 microbubbles especially in the repeated treated cases of TAE for hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of enhanced US by CO2 microbubbles for segmental-subsegmental TAE for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 957 23

We evaluated the usefulness of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) under Carbon dioxide (CO2) contrast enhanced ultrasound sonography (CEUS) guidance during digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 21 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 28 nodules that could not be detected by plain (non-contrast enhanced) US (PUS). In all cases of HCC that could not be visualized by PUS, PEIT could be performed successfully under CEUS guidance. Tumor size was below 10 mm in most cases, in 2 cases tumor size was more than 20 mm. Tumor location was roughly divided into 5 areas: just below the diaphragm and it's vicinity, liver surface, edge of the liver, around the portal and hepatic vein, and around the inferior vena cave. The detection rate of the nodules that could not be visualized with PUS was 35.7% for CT and 32.1% for DSA. PEIT was performed 1-9 times for each lesion, 3.32 times on an average. The effectiveness of PEIT was judged by CT. All cases were confirmed as LDA. We concluded that the range of indication of PEIT can be expanded by this method.
 ...
PMID:[The usefulness of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy under guidance with carbon dioxide contrast enhanced ultrasound sonography]. 957 24

We have devised and evaluated a stable-isotopic method for measuring DNA synthesis rates. The probe is [1-13C]-glycine that is incorporated into purines via de novo biosynthesis. The human hepatoma cell line HEP G2 was grown in medium containing [1-13C]glycine, the cells were harvested at various times, and the DNA was extracted. Following hydrolysis to the nucleosides, a reversed-phase HPLC separation was used to provide separate peaks for deoxythymidine (dT), deoxyadenosine (dA), and deoxyguanosine (dG). The HPLC effluent was continuously fed into a chemical reaction interface and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (HPLC/CRI/IRMS). The isotope ratio of the CO2 produced in the CRI was used to monitor for enrichment. The cells were grown continuously for 5 days in labeled medium and also in a 1-day pulse labeling experiment where the washout of label was observed for the subsequent 9 days. As predicted from the role of glycine in de novo purine biosynthesis, the isotope ratio of the pyrimidine dT did not change. However, for the two purines, dA and dG, the characteristic log growth behavior of the cells was observed in their 13C/12C ratios and good agreement in the doubling time was obtained for each type of experiment. Parallel experiments that measured the HEP G2 doubling time in culture using tritiated thymidine incorporation and direct cell counts were carried out compare to our new method with established ones. We believe that the use of [1-13C]-glycine and the HPLC/CRI/IRMS is a highly sensitive and selective approach that forms the basis of a method that can measure DNA synthesis rates using a nonradioactive, nontoxic tracer.
 ...
PMID:Measuring DNA synthesis rates with [1-13C]glycine. 959 74

We have examined changes in the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible isoform and HO-2, a constitutive isoform, in the liver of Long-Evans with a Cinnamon-like color (LEC) rat, a mutant strain which spontaneously develops acute hepatitis and hepatoma. HO-1 expression was highly enhanced in the LEC rat livers with jaundice, and then decreased slightly, but overall remained at a higher level than in the Long-Evans with Agouti color (LEA) control rats, as judged by Northern blotting analysis of the whole liver extract. The high expression of HO-1 in the LEC rat liver was, however, not due to the actual cancer lesion but, rather, due to the surrounding uninvolved tissues including hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis also supported this conclusion. Among normal tissues, the expression of HO-1 but not HO-2 was high in only the spleen of both LEC and LEA rats. The high expression observed in the stage of acute hepatitis and hepatoma stages in the LEC rat is probably due to the oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of free copper and free iron levels which has been reported earlier by our group (Suzuki et al., Carcinogenesis, 1993, 14, 1881-1884 and Koizumi et al., Free Radical Research, in press) as well as by free heme levels. The inflammatory cytokines produced by the surrounding tissue at the hepatoma stage would also be expected to play a role in the induction mechanism. The physiological relevance of HO-1 induction might be an adaptive response to oxidative stress and vasodilatory effect of carbon monoxide on sinusoidal circulation.
 ...
PMID:A high expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the liver of LEC rats at the stage of hepatoma: the possible implication of induction in uninvolved tissue. 968 83

We evaluated the usefulness of CO2 US angiography in the detectability of and the effectiveness of TAE and/or PEIT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty-three patients with HCC underwent CO2 angiography during the interventional procedure to treat HCC after examination of CT and conventional US. CO2 US angiography was observed on the US monitor by injecting CO2 microbubbles through a catheter placed in the hepatic artery. Contrast materials for CO2 US angiography were 3 ml of CO2 microbubbles prepared by vigorously mixing 3 ml of normal saline with 3 ml of 20% Intralipid, 3 ml of 20% albumin or 3 ml of the patient's own blood. In all patients, CO2 US angiography revealed equal or superior tumor detectability as compared with CT, conventional US and angiography. For demonstrating the inner structure of HCC, the image of CO2 microbubbles mixed with Intralipid was better than that of CO2 microbubbles mixed with albumin. In 9 of 23 patients, CO2 US angiography depicted nodules that had not been seen in the other images. TAE was performed in 21 patients with HCC who showed hypervascularity. In one patient in whom it was difficult to clearly depict the small lesion of HCC by conventional angiography and US, PEIT was successful under CO2 US angiography. The detectability of HCC was higher in CO2 US angiography than in CT, conventional US or angiography. The distribution of blood supply to HCC was observed easily by CO2 US angiography. In TAE of HCC, CO2 US angiography was useful to determine the dose of embolization materials without having to perform repeated angiography. It was possible to perform PEIT easily for non-detectable tumors without CO2 US angiography. CO2 US angiography was useful to evaluate the stage of HCC and to perform TAE and PEIT.
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of CO2 US angiography in treating hepatocellular carcinoma]. 971 Oct 72

Characteristics of the tumour metabolic profile play a role in both the tumour-host interaction and in resistance to treatment. Because carbogen (95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide) breathing can both increase sensitivity to radiation and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy, we have studied its effects on the metabolic characteristics of Morris hepatoma 9618a. Host carbogen breathing increased both arterial blood pCO2 and pO2, but decreased blood pH. A fourfold increase in tumour pO2 (measured polarographically) and a twofold increase in image intensity [measured by gradient recalled echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sensitive to changes in oxy/deoxyhaemoglobin] were observed. No changes were seen in blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Tumour intracellular pH remained neutral, whereas extracellular pH decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Nucleoside triphosphate/inorganic phosphate (NTP/Pi), tissue and plasma glucose increased twofold and lactate decreased in both intra- and extracellular compartments, suggesting a change to a more oxidative metabolism. The improvement in energy status of the tumour was reflected in changes in tissue ions, including Na+, through ionic equilibria. The findings suggest that the metabolic profile of hepatoma 9618a is defined partly by intrinsic tumour properties caused by transformation and partly by tissue hypoxia, but that it can respond to environmental changes induced by carbogen with implications for improvements in therapeutic efficacy.
 ...
PMID:The effects of host carbogen (95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide) breathing on metabolic characteristics of Morris hepatoma 9618a. 983 77

To elucidate the relationship between angiographic features and histological findings, an immunohistological study of alpha-smooth muscle actin was performed in 106 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Arterial dominance or portal blood paucity were found in 73 patients (68.9%) on digital subtraction angiography, 88 (83.0%) on computerized tomographic arterial portography and 87 (82.1%) on carbon dioxide-enhanced ultrasonography. Among 73 patients with hypervascularity on angiography, 57 (78.1%) had thick-walled, nuclei-rich and slender-shaped vessels (type II), eight (11.0%) had thin-walled, nuclei-poor and oval-shaped vessels (type I) and the remaining eight had a mixed type of II and I. Conversely, among 33 patients without hypervascularity, five (15.2%) had a type II, 21 (63.6%) had a type I, five had a mixed type and two had no positive vessel. Tumour size, histological classification and amount of non-triadal vessels were also associated with the angiographic appearance of the tumours. Among varied aspects of the cancer including tumour size, tumour multiplicity, microscopic portal invasion, histological classification, amount of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive vessels and shape of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive vessels, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the shape of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive vessels was solely associated with angiographic hypervascularity independently (P<0.0001). Although the existence of non-triadal vessels characterized hepatocellular carcinoma, angiographic hypervascularity was closely associated with the type II vessel. A morphological change of non-triadal vessel from type I to type II was considered to occur in an early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of angiographic finding with neovascular structure detected by immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin in small hepatocellular carcinoma. 991 37

A case of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in a 75-year-old female with chronic hepatitis C whose radiologic features simulated that of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presented. On imaging studies, hypervascularity by CO2 ultrasound (US) angiography, enhancement at an early phase and isodensity at a late phase by incremental dynamic computed tomography (CT), perfusion defect by CT during arteriography (CTAP), and clinical background of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection strongly suggested HCC. A US-guided needle biopsy revealed a mainly diffuse and polyclonal proliferation of lymphocytes positive for leukocyte common antigen (pan-lymphocyte cells), L-26 (B cell lymphocytes), and UCHL-1 (T cell lymphocytes), negative for both kappa and lambda light chains and sparsely distributed neutrophils and histiocytes. No lymphoid follicles were observed. The liver tissue around this tumor showed chronic hepatitis with mild activity and mild fibrosis. These histopathologic findings suggested that the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver was tenable. As it is difficult to differentiate between inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver and HCC by imaging studies alone, supplemental biopsy, where possible, should be obtained when diagnostic imaging of tumors suggesting HCC is carried out. We emphasize that histopathology is a true gold standard in the diagnosis of this disease.
 ...
PMID:Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in a patient with chronic hepatitis C: difficulty in differentiating it from hepatocellular carcinoma. 1050 40


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>