Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography using CO2 (CO2-IA-DSA) is effective for detecting arteriovenous and arterioportal shunts in the liver. We carried out CO2-IA-DSA in addition to selective arteriography using a iodinated contrast medium in 31 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a result, CO2-IA-DSA detected an AV shunt in 4/31 patients and an AP shunt in 16/31 patients for a total of 20 cases of shunt, whereas conventional hepatic IA-DSA detected only AP (AV shunt) shunts in 3/31 patients. For HCC without any shunt, Gelfoam embolization was carried out after injection of Lipiodol and Farmorubicin (FARM). In patients with an AP shunt, injection of Lipiodol and FARM was performed after the shunt had been embolized with Gelfoam. In patients with an AV shunt, Lipiodol and FARM were injected after the shunt had been embolized with a metallic coil. In conclusion, detection of shunts by CO2-IA-DSA is useful for determining the optimal approach for transcatheter arterial injection.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of CO2-DSA in embolization. 813 67

Liver US contrast enhancement was obtained with the intrahepatic arterial injection of CO2 in 45 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Before digital subtraction angiography (DSA) all the patients underwent conventional US and CT of the liver; 20 patients also underwent CT during arterial portography (CTAP). Liver US contrast enhancement with CO2 exhibited the same sensitivity as DSA (92%) in demonstrating hypervascular HCCs and proved superior to the other diagnostic procedures -- 85% for CT and 78% for conventional US. DSA combined with echocarbography, with its 2D demonstration of liver anatomy, improved the correct staging of HCCs, for better treatment planning.
 ...
PMID:US contrast enhancement with intra-arterial CO2 injection in the staging of hepatocellular carcinomas. 820 20

On the basis of Fick's law of gas diffusion, it has been proposed that cells in conventional monolayer cultures may be severely hypoxic. Because knowledge of the cellular O2 availability is important for the interpretation of biochemical and toxicological cell culture work, microelectrode measurements of the pericellular PO2 were carried out using the erythropoietin (Epo)-producing human hepatoma cell lines Hep G2 and Hep 3B as an in vitro model. In confluent hepatoma cultures grown in polystyrene dishes and incubated in air with 5% CO2, the pericellular steady-state PO2 was < 1 mmHg. The rates of the production of immunoreactive Epo and lactate were high due to a misproportion between O2 supply and O2 requirements. Epo production decreased when shaken instead of static cultures were studied, or when the O2 concentration in the gas atmosphere was increased gradually up to 95%. In cultures grown on gas-permeable supports, pericellular and gas PO2 values were very similar, with increased Epo production at lowered PO2. In agreement with mathematical models, our experimental data make PO2 measurements desirable for studies of O2-dependent biological functions in cell cultures.
 ...
PMID:Microelectrode measurements of pericellular PO2 in erythropoietin-producing human hepatoma cell cultures. 823 79

Gap junction conductance (Gj) and channel gating sensitivity to voltage, Ca2+, H+, and heptanol were studied by double whole-cell clamp in Novikoff hepatoma cell pairs. Channel gating was observed at transjunctional voltages (Vj) > +/- 50 mV. The cells readily uncoupled with 1 mM 1-heptanol. With heptanol, single (gap junctional) channel events with unitary conductances (gamma j) of 46 and 97 pS were detected. Both Ca(2+)-loading (EGTA.Ca) and acidifying (100% CO2) solutions caused uncoupling. However, CO2 was effective when Ca2+i was buffered with EGTA (a H(+)-sensitive Ca-buffer) but not with BAPTA (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) (a H(+)-insensitive Ca-buffer), suggesting a Ca(2+)-mediated H+ effect on gap junctions. This was tested by monitoring the Gj decay at different pCai values (9, 6.9, 6.3, 6, and 5.5; 1 mM BAPTA) and pHi values (7.2 or 6.1, 10 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid and 2-(N-morpholino)ethansulphonic acid, respectively). With pCai > or = 6.9 (pH 7.2 or 6.1), Gj decreased to 10-70% of initial values in approximately 40 min, following single exponential decays (tau = approximately 28 min). With pCai 6-6.3 (pH 7.2 or 6.1), Gj decreased to 10-25% of initial values in 15 min (tau = approximately 5 min); the Student t gave a P = 0.0178. With pCa 5.5 the cells uncoupled in less than 1 min (tau = approximately 20 s). Low pHi affected neither time course nor shape of Gj decay at any pCai tested. The data indicate that these gap junctions are sensitive to [Ca2+]i in the physiological range (< or = 500 nM) and that low pHi, without an increase in [Ca2+]i, neither decreases Gj nor increases channel sensitivity to Ca2+.
 ...
PMID:Gap junction gating sensitivity to physiological internal calcium regardless of pH in Novikoff hepatoma cells. 829 30

Mitochondria isolated from normal rat liver and AS-30D hepatoma were concurrently evaluated with regard to their bioenergetic and metabolic properties. AS-30D mitochondria oxidized many NAD-linked respiratory substrates at rates 1.5-4 times faster than those from liver, a fact which contributes to their diminished membrane depolarization on conversion from state 4 to state 3 respiration. AS-30D mitochondria exhibited no signs of a "truncated" Krebs cycle, nor did they oxidize malate preferentially based upon its origin in the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix. In addition, beta-oxidation in AS-30D mitochondria was not sufficient to suppress respiratory CO2 production and induce pyruvate carboxylation to the extent observed in liver. Finally, AS-30D mitochondria were able to oxidize externally generated NADH in a reconstituted system, but in a manner independent of the transmembrane electrical potential (delta psi), suggesting that the malate-aspartate shuttle is not operable in vivo. This fact may necessitate the adaptations tumor cells make to reoxidize cytosolic NADH through glycolysis even in the presence of adequate oxygen.
 ...
PMID:Oxidation of pyruvate, malate, citrate, and cytosolic reducing equivalents by AS-30D hepatoma mitochondria. 834 59

Adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) of the liver is considered a precancerous lesion because hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been found in nodules of AH at histologic examination. Contrast material-enhanced ultrasound (US) with intraarterial infusion of carbon dioxide microbubbles was performed in four patients with HCC in AH lesions. In all four patients, a "hyperechoic focus in an area of hypoechoic change" in relation to the adjacent liver was demonstrated, compatible with the minimal vascular change associated with neoplastic transformation and carcinoma development. Because early detection of the minute cancer foci that may develop in an AH nodule is clinically important, this contrast-enhanced US technique may be a useful tool for the detection of these associated lesions.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in adenomatous hyperplasia: detection with contrast-enhanced US with carbon dioxide microbubbles. 838 89

The distribution of blood flow was determined from the distribution of CO2 by US performed during the infusion of CO2 microbubbles via an implantable port (IP-CO2US) in intraarterial chemotherapy for hepatic tumor, and the usefulness of this method in determining tumor vascularity and evaluating the effects of therapy was investigated. A total of 16 patients, 12 of whom had metastatic liver tumor, two hepatocellular carcinoma, one gall bladder carcinoma, and one cholangiocellular carcinoma were studied. The enhanced areas in the liver in 16 patients in whom IP-CO2US was performed a total of 24 times were consistent in all cases with the enhanced areas demonstrated by IP-RI angiography performed a total of 10 times within 10 days, and were also consistent with one exception with the enhanced areas demonstrated by IP-CTA performed 14 times. The tumor detection rate was markedly higher with IP-CO2US than with plain US or IP-DSA, and was similar to that of IP-CTA. Evaluation of the vascularity of individual nodules by IP-CO2US surpassed that by IP-DSA, and was similar to that of IP-CTA. It was demonstrated that blood flow distribution (intrahepatic drug distribution) can be equally well grasped with IP-CO2US, which is a simple and convenient method, as with IP-RI angiography. It was also suggested that IP-CO2US is useful in the evaluation of tumor vascularity and the effect of therapy.
 ...
PMID:[CO2US via an implantable port--drug distribution in intraarterial chemotherapy for hepatic tumors and evaluation of effect]. 839 68

Heme oxygenase catalyzes the degradation of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron. Two forms of this enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 and -2, have been identified; only heme oxygenase-1 is subject to induction by heme, metal ions, and other chemical and physical perturbations (e.g. drugs, oxidants, and heat shock). Primary chick embryo liver cells are widely used for the study of heme metabolism because of their ease of preparation, low cost, and high degree of similarity to human heme metabolism. Nonetheless, this system has some limitations: new cultures must be prepared every week; the resulting cell populations are non-homogeneous; and cells are short-lived, limiting the feasible duration of time course and transfection studies. LMH cells are the first chicken hepatoma cell line to be established. The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of heme oxygenase-1 in LMH cells, and to compare this regulation to that previously described in primary chick embryo liver cells. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 was assessed by measuring changes in mRNA levels or enzyme activities in response to several treatments, including heme, heavy metals, sodium arsenite, and heat shock, which have been shown to increase the expression of heme oxygenase. Similarities were observed with respect to regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression in primary hepatocytes and LMH cells. We report the first measurable heat shock response of heme oxygenase-1 in CELC or LMH cells; and show that LMH cells are a useful model for the study of heme oxygenase-1 regulation.
 ...
PMID:Induction of heme oxygenase-1 in LMH cells. Comparison of LMH cells to primary cultures of chick embryo liver cells. 864

We quantitatively measured blood flow in liver parenchyma and hepatic tumors in two patients using 15O-carbon dioxide (steady state) and 15O-water (dynamic) PET imaging. Images were acquired before and during administration of angiotensin-II to achieve a hypertensive state. Blood flow in the hepatocellular carcinoma was greater than that of the parenchyma. Blood flow in the colon metastasis was similar to that in the parenchyma and lower in the center than in the periphery. During a hypertensive state induced by angiotensin II, blood flow in both the primary and secondary liver tumors did not change, while blood flow in the liver parenchyma decreased. As a result, there was a relative increase in tumor blood flow during the hypertensive state on PET images. Furthermore, blood flow to the spleen decreased to 55% of baseline during the hypertensive state. These findings suggest that hypertensive cancer chemotherapy may protect normal tissue. Furthermore, PET imaging may be able to predict the efficacy of hypertensive cancer chemotherapy in the patients with liver tumors.
 ...
PMID:Angiotensin-II-induced hypertension chemotherapy: evaluation of hepatic blood flow with oxygen-15 PET. 879 Feb 7

The prognosis with large hepatocellular carcinomas is poor, and only palliative treatment is available. Small tumors are amenable to several modes of treatment, including liver transplantation, resection, or alcohol injection, with acceptable 5-year survival rates. Although the value of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma has yet to be shown, these data, coupled with the recognition of at-risk groups and useful diagnostic techniques, might encourage the clinician to screen at-risk patients in the clinic. New imaging techniques such as ultrasonographic angiography enhanced with CO2 microbubbles, or color Doppler ultrasound, may clarify the intratumoral blood flow of small tumors.
 ...
PMID:Etiology, screening, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 880 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>