Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum guanase activity was measured using a sensitive colorimetric method in patients with liver diseases. Guanase activity was correlated with GPT, GOT in acute viral hepatitis and chronic hepatitis, however, in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma it was correlated with total bilirubin as well as aminotransferases. In addition, the GPT-to-guanase ratio differed chronic hepatitis from liver cirrhosis. These findings suggest that determination of guanase and aminotransferases in useful in differentiation of liver diseases as well as assessing liver damage.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum guanase activity in various liver diseases. 254 77

1. The expression of twelve liver-specific enzymes was analysed in twenty-one independent rat hepatoma X human somatic cell hybrids, and in some cases up to forty-one subclones were also tested. 2. Seventeen hybrids continued to express most of the rat liver-specific enzymes and in some cases human isozymes of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, guanine deaminase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were clearly identified. 3. Analysis of the segregation of the human liver-specific enzymes in these hybrids led to the assignment of human GPT to chromosome 8 (previously reported, Kielty, Povey & Hopkinson, 1982) and suggests the assignment of human GPD1 to chromosome 12. 4. The expression of the various liver-specific enzymes in these hybrids appeared to be controlled by independent regulatory mechanisms. 5. Four unusual reverse segregant hybrids were also analysed, and in these no liver-specific enzyme activity was demonstrable.
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PMID:Regulation of expression of liver-specific enzymes. III. Further analysis of a series of rat hepatoma X human somatic cell hybrids. 629 71

We measured serum guanase (EC 3.5.4.3) activity in patients with various diseases and in healthy controls, and evaluated the clinical usefulness of this enzyme in liver diseases. The reference range, which showed no significant difference between sexes and ages over the range studied, was 0 to 1.8 U/L. The mean guanase activities for patients with various liver diseases, including acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatoma and metastatic carcinoma, were above the upper limit of the reference range. In acute hepatitis and metastatic carcinoma of the liver, the activities were especially high. Validity (sensitivity + specificity) of guanase, which in all tests was above 1.66, was compared to that of AST and ALT in liver diseases. With guanase, the highest validity (1.98) was found in acute hepatitis and metastatic carcinoma. Specificity of guanase was 0.98, whereas sensitivity of AST was 1.00 in all diseases. Sensitivity and specificity of ALT were 0.85 to 0.97 in all diseases. As guanase was specific, including this enzyme with other liver function tests, such as AST and ALT, may decrease false-positive results and may be effective for prediction of liver disease.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum guanase activity in liver diseases. 649 63

Plasma guanine deaminase (guanase; GD) is well established as an indicator of hepatocellular disease, recently being applied in the detection of hepatitis C in donor blood and in the diagnosis of hepatoma. No totally efficient, simple method for the estimation of plasma GD activity is routine since both guanine and 8-azaguanine, the substrates of the enzyme, are scarcely soluble in water. This difficulty in preparing stable substrates of sufficient concentration has resulted in methods that are both troublesome and inaccurate. Here we describe the development of new colorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods utilizing guanosine as a "prosubstrate." After an initial breakdown of the guanosine to guanine using purine nucleoside phosphorylase, the ammonia formed as a result of the breakdown of the guanine by GD was estimated colorimetrically by the Berthelot reaction. As an alternative or a complementary assay, the xanthine also formed was measured using an isocratic HPLC method. These methods are suitable for routine assays for measuring plasma GD over a wide range of activities.
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PMID:Estimation of guanine deaminase using guanosine as a "prosubstrate". 1469 Jun 89