Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of immunoperoxidase techniques was investigated in 21 fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology smears that had been previously stained by the Papanicolaou technique. The retrospectively selected slides were destained before applying the immunostain, utilizing antisera to calcitonin, prostatic acid phosphatase (PrAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alpha-lactalbumin (AL), S-100 protein (S-100), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), common leukocyte antigen (LA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Positive results were obtained with six of nine small-cell carcinomas of the lung stained with EMA, all three colonic carcinomas stained with CEA, one of two prostatic carcinomas stained with PSA and PrAP, one of two lymphomas stained with LA and the one medullary thyroid carcinoma stained with calcitonin. Negative staining results were observed in the one melanoma stained with S-100, the two breast carcinomas stained with AL and the one hepatocellular carcinoma stained with AFP. These results indicate that immunostaining can be a helpful diagnostic tool in diagnosing some fine needle aspirates using smears previously stained with the Papanicolaou stain.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase staining of fine needle aspiration specimens previously stained by the Papanicolaou technique. 244 Feb 15

Screening is defined as the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease or defect by the application of tests, examinations, or other procedures that can be applied rapidly and carried out in the general population or in individuals at high risk. When considering immunochemical or biochemical cancer markers, it might be more appropriate to describe these tests as risk-factor monitors and introduce the concept of two interpretations of these tests: in asymptomatic populations as indicators of probability of cancer, and in patients with previously treated cancer as predictors of recurrence despite initial treatment described as "curative." The successes of screening with alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma and with catechol metabolites in neuroblastoma are discussed. The major emphasis will be the possible use of CA 125 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in risk-factor assessment of ovarian cancer and prostate cancer, respectively. It is important to understand in what context a PSA value > 10 micrograms/L indicates a 67% probability of cancer.
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PMID:Screening for cancer: is it cost effective? 769 77

Attainment of cell type-specific cytotoxicity with minimal side effects is the ultimate goal of cancer therapy. By employing the prostate-specific antigen promoter (PSAP), we investigated (1) whether PSAP-driven antisense genetic constructs targeting DNA polymerase-alpha and topoisomerase II alpha (Top II alpha), designated PSAP-antipol and PSAP-antitop respectively, could induce death of prostate cancer cells, and (2) whether the cytotoxicity is restricted to cells of prostate origin. A PSAP-driven beta-galactosidase gene, PSAP-LacZ, was also used to estimate the expression of the PSAP-driven transcripts. Lipofection-mediated gene transfers were performed with these 3 constructs and a control plasmid, pCDNA3, in 3 human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU-145, PC-3) and 5 other cell lines (Cos-1 [monkey kidney], HL-60 [human myeloid leukemia], Hep G2 [human hepatoma], NCI H460 [human lung cancer] and SW 480 [human colon cancer]). On transfection with PSAP-LacZ, LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 showed a 10.8, 1.8, and 1.6 fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity, respectively. The remaining 5 cell lines showed no changes after transfection. Corresponding to the levels of the induced beta-galactosidase activity, LNCaP showed the strongest growth inhibition by the antisense constructs: 36% by PSAP-antipol, 39% by PSAP-antitop and 80% by PSAP-antipol+PSAP-antitop. DU-145 and PC-3 had minimal growth inhibition with PSAP-antipol alone or PSAP-antitop alone. However, when cotransfected with PSAP-antipol and PSAP-antitop, DU-145 and PC-3 displayed 42% and 55% growth inhibition, respectively. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was observed in the remaining 5 cell lines when transfected with PSAP-antipol, PSAP-antitop or both. Therefore, PSAP-driven antisense gene therapy targeting DNA polymerase-alpha and Top II alpha inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells and the cytotoxic effect is restricted in cells of prostate origin.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen promoter driven gene therapy targeting DNA polymerase-alpha and topoisomerase II alpha in prostate cancer. 871 4

We compared the efficacy of 4 methods for isolating circulating tumor cells: immunocapture with Ber-EP4-coated magnetic beads, density gradient separation, ammonium chloride, and distilled water-mediated erythrocyte lysis. Human blood from healthy volunteers was mixed with serial dilutions of prostate (LNCaP) and liver (HepG2) derived tumor cells. Isolation of circulating tumor cells was followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. Ber-EP4 antigen expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 27 hepatocellular carcinomas and 34 prostate adenocarcinomas. Peripheral blood samples from 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 10 with prostate adenocarcinoma also were tested. Density gradient separation and Ber-EP4 immunocapture were the most sensitive techniques for isolating circulating tumor cells in in vitro tests. Isolation by density gradient separation was significantly more sensitive than Ber-EP4 immunocapture when applied to peripheral blood samples of patients with cancer, a result consistent with the variable expression of Ber-EP4 antigen that we found by immunohistochemistry in prostate adenocarcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas.
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PMID:Efficiency of Ber-EP4 antibody for isolating circulating epithelial tumor cells before RT-PCR detection. 1043 96

Monoclonal antibodies are used to detect serum antigens associated with specific malignancies. These tumor markers are most useful for monitoring response to therapy and detecting early relapse. With the exception of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor markers do not have sufficient sensitivity or specificity for use in screening. Cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 most frequently is used to follow response to therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen is used to detect relapse of colorectal cancer, and CA 19-9 may be helpful in establishing the nature of pancreatic masses. CA 125 is useful for evaluating pelvic masses in postmenopausal women, monitoring response to therapy in women with ovarian cancer, and detecting recurrence of this malignancy. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, sometimes is used to screen highly selected populations and to assess hepatic masses in patients at particular risk for developing hepatic malignancy. Testing for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. Combined AFP and beta-hCG testing is an essential adjunct in the evaluation and treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, and in monitoring the response to therapy. AFP and beta-hCG also may be useful in evaluating potential origins of poorly differentiated metastatic cancer. PSA is used to screen for prostate cancer, detect recurrence of the malignancy, and evaluate specific syndromes of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers. 1452 94

Composite promoters combining the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) enhancer core element with promoter elements derived from gene coding for human prostate-specific transglutaminase gene, prostate-specific membrane antigen gene, prostate-specific antigen, rat probasin or phosphoglycerate kinase were characterized for their ability to specifically express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene in prostate versus non-prostate cancer cell lines when transferred with a human immunodeficiency virus-1-based lentiviral vector. By themselves minimal proximal promoter elements were found to inefficiently promote relevant tissue-specific expression; in all the vectors tested, addition of the PSA enhancer core element markedly improved EGFP expression in LnCaP, a cancer prostate cell line used as a model for prostate cancer. The composite promoter was inactive in HuH7, a hepatocarcinoma cell line used as a model of neighboring non-prostate cancer cells. Among the promoters tested, the combination of the PSA enhancer and the rat probasin promoter showed both high specificity and a strong EGFP expression. Neither a high viral input nor the presence of the cPPT/CTS sequence affected composite promoter behavior. Our data suggest that composite prostate-specific promoters constructed by combining key elements from various promoters can improve and/or confer tissue specific expression in a lentiviral vector context.
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PMID:Use of the PSA enhancer core element to modulate the expression of prostate- and non-prostate-specific basal promoters in a lentiviral vector context. 1674 21

HOBX13 is a transcription factor expressed in the normal prostatic glands and overexpressed in prostate cancer. Recent studies suggested that HOXB13 represents a prostate-specific marker in the differential diagnosis between prostatic and urothelial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the diagnostic value of HOXB13 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunoexpression for the detection of prostatic origin in metastatic tumours. PSA and HOXB13 immunohistochemical expression was assessed in 50 metastatic tumors, including 15 metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma, 11 from lung adenocarcinoma, 12 from urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma, 11 from colorectal carcinoma, and in 1 from hepatocellular carcinoma. Strong staining for HOXB13 was observed in >75% of neoplastic cells in 15/15 (100%) metastases from prostate cancer. Weak staining in <25% of cells was found in 2/12 (17%) metastases from urothelial carcinoma. PSA immunostaining was detected only in 8 (53%) cases of prostatic origin. The sensitivity and specificity for metastatic prostate cancer were 100% and 94% for HOXB13 and 53% and 100% for PSA. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, HOXB13 may be included in the pool of prostate-specific markers in metastases showing absent or weak staining for PSA before excluding prostatic derivation.
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PMID:HOXB13 as an immunohistochemical marker of prostatic origin in metastatic tumors. 2659 Jan 21

Ga-PSMA based integrated PET/MRI is emerging as a novel imaging technique for the staging of prostate carcinoma. We report a case of a 77-year-old man with raised prostate-specific antigen who presented to us for Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys-(Ahx)-[Ga-(HBED-CC)] (Ga-PSMA) simultaneous PET/MRI scan for prostate cancer evaluation. A PSMA avid hepatic lesion on the background of cirrhotic liver was noted apart from PSMA avid lesion in the peripheral gland of the prostate. On histopathological examination, the hepatic lesion turned out to be hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 2760 77

A 58-year-old man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of epigastric pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a tumor in the left lobe of the liver accompanied by portal vein tumor thrombus, and Vp3 hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed. Prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases was also identified, and synchronous double cancer of the prostate and liver was diagnosed. The treatment strategy was to prioritize surgery for the hepatocellular carcinoma, for which curative resection was becomingnearly impossible. Left hepatic lobectomy was performed, and the postoperative course was favorable. Combined androgen blockade(CAB)with leuprorelin acetate and bicalutamide performed to treat the prostate cancer produced a significant decline in prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels, causingthe metastatic bone lesions to disappear and relievingsymptoms. The patient has experienced no recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma for 2 years 6 months since the initial treatment, and PSA levels have remained below the limits of detection. Few reports have described synchronous double cancer of the prostate and liver. In the present case, both cancers were advanced, but multimodal therapy combiningsurg ery(local treatment)and hormone therapy(systemic treatment)performed in accordance with the respective disease stages produced favorable results.
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PMID:[A Case of Synchronous Vp3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Prostate Cancer Accompanied by Bone Metastases]. 2813 35

A 66-year-old man with history of prostate carcinoma underwent Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT for surveillance of rising prostate-specific antigen. Intense tracer uptake was noted in segments 2, 7, and 8 of the liver. The lesions were not FDG avid on F-FDG PET/CT. Further characterization with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with Gd-EOB (Primovist) contrast revealed ill-defined arterially enhancing lesions with central washout in the venous phase. CT-guided core biopsy was performed, and histopathology confirmed well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Incidental Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on 68Ga-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT. 2890 34


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