Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment with synthetic MDP inhibited growth of transplantable, chemically induced tumors in syngeneic mice. The tumor-inhibitory effect was dependent on the schedule of MDP administration. Growth of SC transplants of a nonmetastasizing, MC-induced fibrosarcoma, MC11, was inhibited by local treatment with 200 micrograms and 1,000 micrograms MDP given SC 5-7 weeks before challenge. Treatment with lower (10 micrograms and 100 micrograms) doses of MDP and shorter (1-4 weeks) time intervals was not effective. Single doses of MDP (10-1,000 micrograms) 1-3 weeks after challenge had no effect. Growth of IV-inoculated, metastasizing AAT-induced hepatoma A was inhibited by IV injections of 20 micrograms MDP given 1 and 2 days prior to the challenge. Significant increases in the survival of hepatoma-bearing mice were observed only after injections of MDP incorporated in multilamellar liposomes.
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PMID:Inhibition of tumor growth in mice treated with synthetic muramyl dipeptide. 656 71

Activities of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1, AAT) in transplantable mouse hepatomas BW7756 and H-4 are reduced when compared to normal adult liver. Both proteins have been purified to homogeneity from a single preparation of mouse liver and monospecific antibodies raised to each isozyme. By quantitative immunotitration analysis, the activity of each isozyme in liver and hepatoma has been shown to correlate with levels of immunoprecipitable protein. Furthermore, for each isozyme, the liver versus hepatoma species is indistinguishable by heat inactivation kinetics, Km's for substrates, and molecular weights. Thus, the reduction of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic AAT activities in hepatoma tissue is due not to alterations in the catalytic activity of the enzyme molecules, but to a decrease in the number of enzyme molecules present. Turnover of the isozymes was studied in liver and hepatoma tissue using in vivo radiolabeling and specific immunoprecipitation techniques. The cytoplasmic isozyme has a similar rate of degradation in liver and hepatoma, while the rate of synthesis of this isozyme in hepatoma is approximately tenfold less than in liver. The mitochondrial isozyme is also degraded at a similar rate in both tissues, but the rate of synthesis is sixfold greater in normal liver tissue than in hepatoma. It is concluded that decreased amounts of both isozymes in hepatoma as compared to liver are the result of a reduction in the rate of synthesis of each isozyme without any change in the rate of degradation.
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PMID:Turnover of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in mouse liver and transplantable hepatomas. 685 79

We found heterogenous ornithine oxoacid aminotransferase (L-ornithine: 2-oxo-acid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1.3) in rat ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells. Compared with enzymes from normal rat tissues, this heterogenous enzyme showed larger Km values for 2-oxoglutarate, a different elution-profile upon affinity chromatography with 2-oxoglutarate, more anionic mobility upon polyacrylamide gell electrophoresis, and a clearly different salting-out property upon ammonium sulfate fractionation. Similar heterogeneity of this aminotransferase was found in human cancer cells.
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PMID:Ornithine oxoacid aminotransferase found in AH 130 ascites hepatoma cells. 705 19

The segregation of human cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) and the individual human chromosomes has been studied in 27 secondary and tertiary rat hepatoma-human (liver) fibroblast hybrids. The staining solution used to visualize AAT activity on starch gels was specific for AAT since it was visualized only when all components of the stain were present. The locus for human AAT1 has been assigned to chromosome 8.
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PMID:Assignment of the gene for cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) to human chromosome 8. 711 90

A group of 48 patients (42 suffering from hepato-biliary diseases and 6 without hepatic diseases) was followed by the authors for a period lasting from 5 to 8 years, 13 out of them for longer. The hepatic disease was assessed on the basis of physical examination, current liver chemistry and proper and specific instrumental procedures. Initial and final diagnosis and the aminotransferases (AST, ALT) trend in years were carefully considered. First of all it was concluded that no advantage is obtained in monitoring the two aminotransferases instead of one alone. Moreover it is stressed the opportunity of referring aminotransferases activities in a simple way such as per cent of variation as referred to considered upper normal value differing from one to the other laboratory. The aminotransferase increase maintains an important and diagnostic significance in acute liver damage such as in acute hepatitis. An inappreciable prognostic value may be drawn from the follow up of these enzymatic parameters: for example the development of posthepatic fibrosis, or cirrhosis or hepatoma cannot be foreseen on the basis of the aminotransferases trend. A greater variability and sharp increases in AST-ALT values are recorded in patients with biliary gallstones.
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PMID:[Diagnostic-prognostic significance of long-term (5-11 years) variations in serum GOT-GPT levels in the blood]. 717 59

By the cellular cytotoxic test in vitro it was demonstrated that lymphocytes of the spleen and lymphnodes from normal mice C3HA and mice given a carcinogen--o-AAT during 30 days show a cytotoxic effect on the hepatoma 22a culture. It was found that the cytotoxic activity of splenic and lymphnode lymphocytes in mice, given the carcinogen for 60 days, was reduced. In a number of experiments splenic lymphocytes of these mice were found to stimulate the hepatoma 22a cells growth in vitro.
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PMID:[Antitumor cytotoxins in the early stages of liver carcinogenesis]. 745 44

We have developed a new multienzyme control serum, Seraclear-HE, which was designed to function not only as an accuracy and precision control serum but also as an intermethod calibrator for unifying interlaboratory clinical enzyme data in terms of reference method values. Seraclear-HE contains as analytes the following enzymes of human origin only: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) from erythrocytes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) from a hepatoma cell line; alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) from an amnion cell line; creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) from an embryo kidney cell line; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) from a macrophage cell line; and amylase (AMY, EC 3.2.1.1) from urine and saliva. The seven partly purified enzymes were lyophilized in partially delipidated human serum containing sucrose (50 g/L), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (30 mmol/L), and other stabilizers. The material is stable for at least 2 years at temperatures < or = 10 degrees C. For two concentrations of this preparation, reference method values (mainly International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry) obtained at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C are assigned.
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PMID:Multienzyme control serum (Seraclear-HE) containing human enzymes from established cell lines and other sources. 1: Preparation and properties. 753 43

Serum levels of soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (sLFA-3) in 122 patients with chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum levels of sICAM-1 in patients with HCC were significantly higher than those of chronic hepatitis (CH) and cirrhosis. On the other hand, serum levels of sLFA-3 in patients with HCC were almost the same as those of cirrhosis. Western blot analyses showed that molecular sizes of sICAM-1 and sLFA-3 detected in the sera were 90 kd and 50 kd, respectively, indicating that both molecules include whole extracellular domains. In patients with HCC, circulating sICAM-1 levels were significantly (P < .001) correlated with tumor volume (r = .50), total bilirubin (r = .38), serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = .51), and gamma-globulin (r = .63). Furthermore, serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with multiple HCC (tumor number > 3) or HCC with tumor embolus in the first branch or trunk of portal vein. Survival periods were analyzed in relation to serum sICAM-1 levels in patients with HCC who had been treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The HCC patients with < 1,000 ng/mL of serum ICAM-1 showed significantly (P = .0005) longer survival than those with higher levels of the molecule. The same results were obtained when only patients with moderately differentiated HCC were analyzed (P = .02). Analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model showed that sICAM-1 is a significant (P = .032) prognostic factor for patients with HCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is a marker of the disease progression and prognosis. 754 36

It has been shown previously that erythropoietin expression in vitro by hepatoma cells increases in response to hypoxia. To verify whether hypoxia of the tumor might result in hepatic release of erythropoietin in vivo, serum erythropoietin concentrations were measured immunoenzymatically in 12 patients (5 women, 7 men) who underwent transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Peripheral blood samples were collected at baseline, and after 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after the procedure. In a second set of experiments, performed in three male patients also undergoing chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, paired blood samples were collected after catheterization of the hepatic veins and of the right antecubital vein. None of the patients had erythrocytosis. In comparison with a baseline mean value +/- SEM of 100.6 +/- 12.6 micrograms/L, serum erythropoietin concentrations were the following; +6 hours, 55.4 +/- 18.0 (P < .001); +1 day, 102.4 +/- 24.7 (P = NS), +2 days, 183.0 +/- 31.1 (P < .05); +3 days, 155.0 +/- 26.0 (P < .05); +7 days, 153.3 +/- 27.4 (P < .05) (matched Student's t-test). The ratio of hepatic vein/antecubital vein serum erythropoietin concentrations increased from 0.85 at baseline to 1.30 at +2 days, paralleling the increase of aspartate transaminase (r = .914, P < .005). After chemoembolization, no correlation was found between serum erythropoietin and alpha-1-fetoprotein concentrations. The concentration of the latter, stable initially, decreased 7 days after the procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatic release of erythropoietin induced by transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 760 7

The accumulation process of copper (Cu) in the liver and the following metabolic disorder of Cu were examined in LEC rats, a mutant strain which accumulates Cu with age and shows spontaneous acute hepatitis and/or hepatoma. Cu concentration in the liver of female rats was approximately 220 micrograms/g liver at 2 weeks of age, decreased to 100 micrograms/g liver at 4-6 weeks, and then started to increase with age linearly to the highest concentration of 250 micrograms/g liver at 16 weeks. Although the Cu level expressed by concentration (microgram/g liver) decreased during weaning, it increased linearly with age when it was expressed by content (mg/liver), indicating a constant and preferential accumulation of Cu in the liver. Cu concentration stopped increasing at 16 weeks in the liver, followed by a sudden decrease to 1/2 the highest level. Biological markers (serum lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities) for liver damage started to increase, together with the appearance of signs of jaundice, when Cu attained the highest concentration. Distributions of Cu and zinc (Zn) in the supernatant fraction of the liver indicated that both metals were mostly distributed to metallothionein (MT) and, to a small extent, to superoxide dismutase on a gel filtration column throughout the course of the experiments. Serum Cu concentration started to increase in a form of ceruloplasmin, together with serum marker enzyme activities for liver damage. Cu concentration in the kidneys also started to increase after the increase of serum Cu. The results indicate that Cu accumulates in the form of MT in the liver of LEC rats to a maximum level of approximately 250 micrograms/g liver, and then decreases suddenly with the onset of acute hepatitis. The maximum level seems to be related to the capacity of MT synthesis, and acute hepatitis is assumed to occur when Cu accumulates beyond the capacity. Serum Cu started to increase, from the abnormally low level, when the metal accumulated beyond the capacity of MT synthesis in the liver, and it was partly reabsorbed by the kidneys and the rest was excreted into urine. Changes in iron and zinc levels were determined and discussed in relation to those of Cu.
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PMID:Copper metabolism leading to and following acute hepatitis in LEC rats. 771 95


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